Museum o tiaki ahi i roto i nga pa Russian. Ko te hītori o te tiaki ahi

I roto i fakatamaki katoa te haere te mauiui Rus, he auau te nuinga ahi, rite poraka hanga taketake i nei i hanga mō ngā rau tau tāone me te hanga tuawhenua ano kua rakau. Hoki te hara ki te take tangata ki te haere mai ki raro atu atu ratou, ranei puta i runga i tirotiro a te tangata, engari i ki te whawhai tonu ratou, a pera ko rāua i te hītori o to tatou whenua te hītori o te tiaki ahi.

Museum, korero e pā ana ki te whawhai ki te ahi

Mō e, i roto i te mea ara ko te whanaketanga o te mahi ahi i roto i Russia, korerotia te rongo mo nga whare taonga whenua katoa o te tiaki ahi. Ko te nui rawa o ratou, whakapumautia i roto i 1957, kei te roto i Moscow Durov ara. I roto i te fare o te whare taonga kei whakaaturanga e waihanga anō te hītori o te ahi whawhai i te wa o Ivan te whakamataku ki te ra nei.

No iti ngā ko d te Fire Service Museum i St. Petersburg, kei i Bolshoy Prospect whakapukepu,. 73. Ahakoa te meka e te arotake o te hītori o te mahi ahi i roto i reira e hipokina te wā tīmata ki te wā torutoru atu tata ─ te wā o Pita ahau tona putanga ano o te moni nui, me te maha o ngā whakaaturanga ahurei i roto i. I tua atu, whakapumautia te whare taonga ahi ropu tinei i Samara, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo ko Krasnodar. Ia o ratou kei te rauemi hipoki te whanaketanga o kahore anake te ratonga ahi rohe, engari ano hoki ki te ārai i te ahi i roto i Russia.

I roto i te whānui, i te whakaminenga o te tiaki ahi o taonga i roto i Moscow, St Petersburg me era atu pa o te whenua, me te kōrero o pūranga pūtea tukua ki te waihanga i te pikitia o te āhua o tamata nga mua i nga wa onamata ki te pato'ii te haere tamau ratou fakatamaki ahi.

tikanga Ariki e hāngai ana te ahi whawhai

Ko te hītori o te tiaki ahi, i kitea e tona whakaaro i roto i te tuhinga tukunga kōrero Whatahoro, mei ki te maha o tikanga puta e te Duke Grand o Moscow, Ivan III ─ koroua Ivana Groznogo, i muri i te ahi e wehingia ana i kore i te whakapaipai i roto i te 1472.

I roto i enei ko o muri tikanga, kite te marama i roto i te tau o nga Romanovs, whakatupato ia i roto i nga pa (a rawa i roto i te pane) ki te hanga i tae noa ki taea nga whare kohatu, me te hanga ratou i roto i te haumaru i roto i te tawhiti ahi pā ana i ia atu.

I tua atu, ngā reira he maha o te tahi atu mehua e hāngai ana i te ārai ahi. Ki te whakaute ki te perpetrators o te mau oro'a teitei, a rawa te hunga i ki te kupu hoki ahi, pohewatia nga whiu tino kino.

Otiia me pehea e kore e whiua ki ngā wāhi tangata, anga ke ki te ture emepaea i maia ki te tunu kai i te kāinga i roto i te marama raumati wera me te ahi i runga i te whare, me te mure ore Russian "pea" taea tonu i runga i te ture taketake o te haumaru ahi. Ka rite ki te hua, i ētahi wā ka mau ati ahi hanganga kia ri'ari'a e whakangaromia nga pa katoa.

ahi whakamataku senituli mua

Kati te reira ki te whakahua i ngā i te torutoru noa e korero te putanga tata katoa o enei taonga te ahi nunu'a mamafa tiaki ─ pera a ratou i roto i te ora o te kāwanatanga. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira he ahi i roto i te 1212 e huna i roto i tika etahi torutoru haora o 4300 whatianga o Veliky Novgorod. Ana patunga i pā ana ki te mano e noho.

I roto i te 1354 kahakina te ahi Moscow, tahuri rua haora ki porokeretia pungarehu te Kremlin kore anake, engari ano hoki ona wahi o waho ake a tawhio noa. Ko rite kino mo te whakapaipai me te ahi, i puta i roto i 1547. Na i roto i tona ahi patua e rave rahi mano noho o te torona Tuatahi.

Whanau o ratonga ahi Russian

Ko te whakahoki ki te wero fai e nga mea timatanga riri i, kua te hanganga o Pirikēti ahi motuhake i roto i Russia. I te tuatahi whakapumautia ratou i runga i te pūtake o te tuhinga whakawhanakehia i roto i 1649 ki te whai wāhitanga o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ka tika "Tohutohu i runga i te deanery pa." I raro i ona tikanga, nga pa nui katoa i roto i te whenua i Pirikēti ahi ngaio, nei te mau melo i utu whakaritea utua.

whakahau te taua ture nga kaimahi o Pirikēti ahi, i roto i te tua ki te whakahaere wha-haora ohipa, ki te hanga i te taki mama'o mehua ārai i roto i o ratou whenua, me te ki te tāutu i ofati i taea o ngā ture mō te whāwhā ahi. I tua atu, tae Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ki me te hanga o te tikanga ki te aro i te ahi, ka whakahau ki te whakamahi hoki i tēnei ngongo whakaaro vodopolivnye ka te tauira o ngongo o tenei ra.

Ko te wāhanga hou o te whanaketanga o te mahi ahi motu

Tau o te kingitanga o Pita ahau ko te wā, ina kua ara te whakahaere o te tiaki ahi ki te taumata hou. I roto i ngā, kua reira kua ake taputapu ahi-whawhai, he tokomaha tauira o e kingi rawa hokona noa atu. Ngā mihi ki a ia, te tikanga o tāmate Russian ko nga papua tuatahi, oti ki karekau hiako, me pu repo wai parahi.

I te wa ano i te Admiralty St Petersburg, i whakapumautia tari ahi tuatahi o Russia. I roto i Moscow, puta he ratonga ahi auau ngā mutunga. i puta tikanga o tona hanganga e Alexander ahau i roto i 1804 anake.

Parenga ahi i roto i te rau tau XIX

Kua mutu te kingi i muri, Nicholas ahau, e kake te torona i roto i te 1825, i hanga tino ki te mahi ahi auau ki te waiho i te rota o St Petersburg me Moscow. A, no te tata reira puta rohe nui katoa o te whenua ki te whawhai i te tari ahi.

He wāhi o te teihana ahi katoa, pourewa, i roto i te maha ngā take, ka te whare teitei o te pa, i nei i reira taea ki te mau i te kainga katoa a tawhio noa. I roto i te take o te ahi i runga i whakaarahia reira kara me te tohu pōro motuhake, i tika hautanga ki te rahi o te puna o te ahi i te nui o nei.

I pai ake te reira i tino i te wa, me te taputapu ahi-whawhai. E rave rahi o ana tauira taketake taea te kite i roto i te Moscow Museum o te tiaki ahi, me te i roto i ngā whakaaturanga atu complexes rite. I roto i te rau tau XIX ō tari ahi ki te taputapu tika whakahaerehia e te whakatūnga i Moscow, me St. Petersburg kamupene ki te whakarite i hanga o kore anake nga papua ahi me ngongo ki a ratou, engari ano hoki taputapu e pā ana te katoa: whakakopa arawhata, gaffs me taputapu paruru e hiahiatia ana mō te ahi-whawhai.

potae ahi tawhito tukuna i roto i te XIX me XX wawe rau, he he huanga mahuinga o tata taonga katoa o ngā kaupapa ōrite. Ko hoki tētahi wāhi nui o ratou puaretanga te putunga e tomo ki te whakamahi, no te te teihana ahi whakamahia i waka, i whakakapi i te hoiho-unu.

mehua ahi-whawhai tangohia e nga mua

I roto i te St Petersburg Museum o te tiaki ahi homai wahi motuhake te ki te whakahaere o te ahi whawhai i roto i nga tau i muri i te revolution. He E aroaro tuhinga taketake, korero e pā ana ki te whakatūnga i April 1918, te Commissariat hoki haumarutanga me te ahi whawhai. meinga e ia tona matenga tuatahi M. T. Elizarov.

Ngā mihi ki tona mau tautooraa i wawe whakaturia te whenua ake he whatunga whānui o ngā teihana ahi, rite rawa ki te taputapu hou o te wa. Te tau e whai ake nei, kua riro atu nga mehua Kāwanatanga ki te whakapakari i te Pirikēti ahi. Order o te tangata Commissars o te hanganga NKVD, te whakahaere kaha tino i roto i te wā whakapumautia te Central Division, arahina te whakahaere o ngā ratonga ahi puta noa te whenua.

Ko te hītori o te ahi whawhai i roto i te wā Soviet

I te tau 1924 i roto i te Leningrad whakatuwheratia ahi kāreti tuatahi, i tīmataria te hanganga o te pūtake kaimahi i runga i nei i hanga e te pūnaha mana ahi motu i roto i te heke mai. He wahi nui i roto i reira noho hanganga hanga i muri i runga i te kaupapa o te Young Communist League me te ngā rōpū hokohoko uniana. Ko te rongonui tino o enei ko te Pirikēti ahi tūao, hohoro puta katoa i runga i te whenua nei manga.

timata whārangi itoito i roto i te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i te aamu o te mahi ahi, i roto i nei kua ona hoia kua i te aronga o te whawhai ki te ahi. Kei te mohiotia te reira e anake kotahi Leningrad, neke atu i te 2 mano. hoatu o ratou i to ratou oraraa. Ko kahore tāpiritanga i roto i te Mei 1945 whawhai ahi o te hīkoi ikuna whakamutunga i roto i Whero Square me ngā hōia whawhai katoa.

Whakanuitanga i te honore o te iwi hautoa o te tikanga

I teie mahana, kua tipu te mahi ahi ki te pūnaha maha-mahi mātanga e taea te kimi me te ka te tinei whitiki o te ahi o tetahi whīwhiwhi. I roto i tona mata ko nga whakatutukitanga hou o te hangarau hou. I roto i te tohu o te whakaute mō te iwi o tenei tikanga kino, engari nui-hiahiatia i ngā wā katoa i te kāwanatanga i roto i te 1999 i whakapumautia ai ─ hakari Russian ra o te tiaki ahi.