Musin-Pushkin, Alexei Ivanovich: biography, mahi

AI Musin-Pushkin (1744-1818 gg.) - kaikohi mohiotia me tango o koroheke tuhinga Russian me papai tahito, me te kohatu whakamaharatanga tūturu. i tona mahi he mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao o mua Russian i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII, ka pūtaiao Russian me kairangahau haere mai moni nui ki te rangahau pūtaiao i runga i te mua o to tatou whenua.

Kaute Mahi i roto i te horopaki o te wā

he māngai angamaheni o era o Catherine Alexei Musin-Pushkin i, ka reira ko te moni i roto i te kohikohi, whakaputanga o codices tahito i roto i te porowhita hinengaro. Haunga te kauwhata, he haurangi e pā ana ki te urupa tawhito hoki maha atu pūtaiao. Ko te kingitanga o Catherine II - te wā o te mātauranga i roto i to tatou whenua, ina horapa te porowhita mātauranga te iteraa o te hiahia ki te ako i te mua o Russia.

He maha rawa o pūkenga i wenewene te mana o ngā whakaaro ke, te ngākau wahi nui o te pūtaiao Western me pūtaiao i roto i te peehia ahua o nga mea katoa ke. Ka rite ki te pato'iraa i roto i te maha o te hunga i aroha o tau i reira ko te whakapono e kia āta whakaaro, me tino nui - whakatairanga tawhito motu i roto i te kanohi tūmatanui i roto i te tikanga ki te faatupu i roto i te kaipānui te whakaaro o te taketake me te tuakiri ä-motu o te hītori Russian. Ko te mana o enei whakaaro takoto te weriweri o Kaute kohikohi tuhinga tawhito me tuhinga.

Tatau Life Poto

Haurongo Musin-Pushkin he ngā i roto i te tikanga e whakaatu ai pehea ia, e kore te he faihisitōlia ngaio, i muri katoa, i hanga he wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga o tenei pūtaiao. I whanau ia i roto i te hapu o Kāpene Guard, puta ia i te kura Artillery, kihai i rite nei rawa hoki akomanga o hītori Russian. mahi ia rite āpiha taituarā ki Orlov, a ka mutu ia, ka haere ki te haerenga ki waho, i roto i nei tae mai e ia he maha o whenua Pākehā. Ki runga ki tona hokinga ki Russia i, whakaritea ia ariki o hui. Neke atu i te nga tau, kua mahi ia i roto i ngā whakanōhanga tūmatanui, tae atu te te tino kaiwhakahauhau o te Hinota. I roto i ana tau i muri mai i ora ai ia i roto i Moscow, i reira tonu ia i tona mahi hua o te kohikohi tao'a tahito.

Āhuatanga o te rangahau pūtaiao

ko aroha o urupa tawhito me maniusikilipi Musin-Pushkin. I roto i te faatura i tenei, kia kia whakaaro ona mahi i runga i te par ki te hunga o te tahi atu whakaputa taua rongonui archivists nui, me te rangatira rite Bantysh-Kamensky, Novikov, Rumyantsev, me ētahi atu feinga ratou katoa ki te popularize te tawhito Russian me totohe reira ki te mana Pākehā Western e ka ka kaha i roto i te pūtaiao, me te rangahau pūtaiao. E ai ki a ratou, te ako anake o puna onamata taea whai wāhi ki te māramatanga o te pūtakenga o te tukanga hītori roto i Russia, me te āwhina ki te matau i te rerekētanga i waenganui i ona ara i Western Europe.

Musin-Pushkin, mahi i roto i te wairua o tona wa, utua aro nui ki te kohi tuhinga. Ko pono mātauranga tona whāinga: ki te fakamatala te hapori pūtaiao me te iwi whānui pānui ki ofa'i haamana'oraa. Ko te taa o tona rangahau pūtaiao i e kohia ia nga mea katoa e te hopoia i ki te mahi ki te matauranga tawhito e taea tetahi puna kia o mahu'inga nui mō te mātauranga tāmau whenua.

Kohikohi tuhinga tawhito

Kahore faarahiraa, e nehenehe tatou e te mea e mahi Musin-Pushkin i roto i te ara nui. Ko te take i noho ratou i nga wa rerekē teitei hoatu tūranga e pā ana ki a ia e faingamālie fe'unga ki te kohikohi me te rokiroki i te urupa tino faufaa. O te faufaa ngā ko te wa ka ko ia te tino kaiwhakahauhau o te Hinota. I tona onoono, Catherine II i te 1792 tukuna he tikanga motuhake stipulating te withdrawal o nga pūranga ohu o meatanga onamata, o ratou rārangi me urupa tuhituhi tawhito.

Na ahurei i roto i tona auraa kitea te tuhinga i: te rārangi matamua o tuatahi meatanga Laurentian, tetahi o nga rārangi taketake Russian Pravda me ētahi atu tuhinga tino. I roto i nga kawanatanga o Musin-Pushkin i māngai motuhake ki te hoko ake pepa tawhito. I tua atu, he maha bibliophiles, te mohio ki te weriweri mō te kohi tuhinga tatau anga ki te whakawhiti a ia ratou kape; peka kihai i mahue noa te Catherine II, i hoatu ano hoki ki a ia he wahi o ana tuhinga.

Ko te āhuatanga tino nui

Count Musin-Pushkin mohiotia te matua mo te meka e no reira ki a ia ki te whakanui i te whakatuwheratanga o te tohu i tahito ra "whakapa." I roto i te hononga ki te tūkunga muri, kua mohiotia pea te ingoa ki nga schoolchild. Collector ia mohio tonu te hiranga o ratou kitenga, ka hohoro ki te whakaputa i tenei puna ahurei. Aua'e, na i ora te pou me te he inaianei e wātea ana mō te whakahörapatanga ki te iwi whānui. Ko reira he mehua rawa wā, rite te kohinga ahurei o te kaitiaki pukapuka tahuna i roto i te ahi i roto i Moscow i 1812 i roto i te whakaekenga o Napoleon. patua te ahi maha atu urupa faufaa.

Musin-Pushkin, whakatuwheratia Alexei Ivanovich ki kairangahau pērā puna ahurei rite pukapuka rangatira nunui o me Nikon Chronicle. Ko reira he kitea tino nui, no te mea ko taua mea i tenei wa, kua puta ke maha hītori Russian ki te tuhi mahi taketake i runga i te hītori o Russia, a he tokomaha o ratou whakamahia nga rauemi o te kauwhata.

ngā mahi whakaputa

Fans o onamata Russian kore titiro noa, engari ano ki te whakaputa i o ratou kitenga taketake. ko ratou whāinga, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, ki te whakauru i te iwi whānui pānui ki te hītori Russian tawhito. Na reira, ko te whakaputanga o nga urupa o faufaa taketake i roto i o ratou mahi mātauranga.

e kore e wahi o to ratou mahi pakari meatanga ako pūtaiao me maniusikilipi, engari i haere tahi e etahi puna o nga kōrero tino faufaa me kitenga, kihai i nei i ngaro ratou hāngai tenei ra ki te whakaputanga o ngā kohinga o ngā mātāpuna o te drafters. Āhuatanga e te meka e te Musin-Pushkin, me ētahi atu taata poro waiwai kihai i hoatu i tona Kaituhitanga i roto i te whakahiato kohikohinga, te kupu tohe ki tino arotahi aro o te kaipānui i runga i te tuhinga.

Enei pukapuka mārama kitea me te whakaaro o te whakaputa. maha Musin-Pushkin i ona mau parau ki nga meatanga whakaputaina tangi te meka e te intelligentsia hiahia rawa whakatutukitanga pūtaiao ke, me te faatau te hītori Russian tawhito.

Ētahi atu mahi

I tua atu ki te kohikohi puna onamata, rave Alexey i roto i ngā mahi pūtaiao, me te whakahaere. Ko ia he mema o te Academy o Pūtaiao me whai wāhi i roto i te mahi o te whakahiato i te papakupu. Otiia ko tetahi o te hua tino o tona mahi te mahi o te Academy o Toi. kohia e ia mahi o rangatira Pākehā, whakatuwheratia whakairo piha whenua i raro i ona maru. ka whakatata ia tenei wahi he rota o te iwi rongonui pērā i Shubin, Kozlovsky me etahi atu.

ko Musin-Pushkin i whakapā ki te pai-mohiotia, me te rangatira taua pūtaiao o tona wa i rite Bantysh-Kamensky, Karamzin, Boltin, Dubrovsky. He pai ki te whakamahi i te reira, no te tuhi tuhinga o ana mahi ratou.

Ko te hiranga o te kauwhata i roto i te whanaketanga historiography motu

kia mahi kia whakaaro Alexei Ivanovich i te horopaki o te wā. I tenei wa, ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, tokomaha pūtaiao e tino whai wāhi i roto i te whakaputanga o nga puna Russian tawhito. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka taea te hoatu te ingoa o te kauwhata i runga i te par ki ngā tohunga nui i roto i pūranga, rite Bantysh-Kamensky me Novikov.

He tino taonga mō te ako i te hītori o mua te whenua o tona kitenga, rite kitea e te meka e whakamahia nga kōrero nui ana ngā kitenga i roto i te faaineineraa o ana mahi taketake. E whakaatu ana tatou Photo Musin-Pushkin e ko reira kore anake rangatira nui rawa mana o tona wa, engari ano rawa tupato, mahara, me te tangata ite.