Ngāwari - tenei ... te ariā me ngā momo o te elasticity. Elasticity o te hiahia me te supply

i huaina elasticity ko te taumata o te tauhohenga o tetahi ana'iraa ōhanga, i te tahi atu huringa. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te elasticity - he pā ana o supply me tono mō taonga i te ngā āhuatanga utu me te utu-kore.

Highlights

tohu fakafalala pērā i supply me tono, kei roto i ngā āhuatanga maha. Mai te hono reira, me te elasticity wā.

I roto i te ariā, ora ake te ōhanga ariā o supply, me te tono elasticities.

Elasticity o te hiahia mo te hua ko te huringa ōrau i roto i utu moni ranei ki huringa i roto i te tono. vai te reira ki te aroturuki i te āhua o te tauhohe kiritaki ki te hua me te hekenga i roto i utu.

I roto i te ariā ohaoha titore maha ngā momo o te utu tono elasticity, e hāngai ana i runga i te āhuatanga mahi:

• tono tāwariwari (nui ake i te kotahi). Tenei ngā hua e no ki te kāwai o te papai.
• tono rorohakore (iti iho i te kotahi). Tenei kāwai o matea taketake.
• Tono kōwae ki elasticity (rite ki te kotahi). Ēnei ngā hua e whiriwhiri takitahi te kiritaki.
• tono Mutu rorohakore (kore). Taonga pērā i te taro, te tote, ngā rongoā.
• Maitai hiahia tāwariwari (rite ki te mutu-). He he anake i raro i ngā tikanga o ngā mākete tino.

Price elasticity o supply ko te ōrau o te huringa utu ki te huringa o te taumata supply. I runga i tenei ahua e tākiekina e taua āhuatanga:

• Te aroaro / ngaro o te hanga o te rahui (i roto i te kaupapa e reira he whenua rāhui, he rapa te supply).
• Te āhei ki te whakaora rakau o hua oti (ki te pera, he ngāwari te tono).

Ko nga momo matua:

• supply rapa. Ahakoa ki te hua kotahi ōrau i roto i utu tino nui haere te hiahia mo te hua.
• Whakahere ki wae elasticity. i reira ko te hua rite i roto i te supply i roto i te mākete i te hua kotahi ōrau i roto i utu.
• supply rorohakore. Kahore tupu ka te tono utu hua.
• Elasticity "i roto i te kau". Ko pera iti te wā wa e kore kaihanga me kaihoko e whai wa ki te urupare ki ngā huringa i roto i te utu.

ngāwari High i roto i te wā roa. E tuku atu rapa, no te mea i nga kaiwhakanao wa nui ki te waihanga kaha hua hou ranei tere ake te tukanga whakaputa.

I muri te tātari i te putanga me te hiahiatanga, he reira taea ki te tautuhi i te ngā matua i roto i nga huringa o nga ariā e pā ana ki te utu utu-kore ranei āhuatanga. Na roto i tenei i whakatakoto e te ture o te supply, me te tono. E mea pinepine kairangahau he iti taunakitanga e te hua i roto i utu arata'i ki te whakaiti o te tono mō ngā hua. Me ratou i whakarite ine tika, no te mea he tere, puhoi, ngoikore ranei kaha te whakaiti.

kitea Market tūtohutanga ki te faatura ki te utu, moni atu tikanga mahi ranei i roto i nga tohu elasticity, e kua āhuatanga e āhuatanga motuhake.

mōhiohio hītori

puta te ariā o te ariā elasticity i roto i te ōhanga i muri mai, engari hohoro ka tetahi o te faufaa. ka haere mai te wā whānui i roto i te ōhanga i te pūtaiao taiao. Robert Boyle i roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu i roto i te ako o ngā āhuatanga o te hau whakamahia tuatahi te wā "elasticity". Ko hoatu te whakamāramatanga ōhanga o Alfred Marshall anake i roto i te 1885. e kore te pūtaiao Ingarangi i whakaaro te ariā. Mā te whakamahi i te whakatutukitanga o Arama Smith ko Rawiri Ricardo, hoatu e ia te whakamāramatanga mārama tuatahi o te tau whakarea o elasticity utu o tono.

Ki te rā, i reira he kahore tetahi wāhanga o te ōhanga, i kihai i pai i whakamahia te wā "elasticity". Here me te tātaritanga tono ki te tono o te ariā o ngā umanga me huringa ohaoha, whanaunga ōhanga ao, tūmanako ōhanga me ētahi atu. Ngäwari - he wā, e te mea faufaa ki te oraraa o te ōhanga hou.

whakarōpū elasticity

Ngā momo o te wā ōhanga i huaina:

• elasticity utu o tono;
• elasticity o supply me utu;
• elasticity moni o tono;
• elasticity ripeka-utu o te tono;
• tohu elasticity o tono;
• elasticity pewa o te tono;
• elasticity o te aho tika;
• elasticity Hangarau o whakauru;
• elasticity utu me te utu ōwehenga.

elasticity Point - he tonu i runga i te tono me te supply rārangi. Kei te whanganga te reira i tetahi wāhi, i konei te ingoa o te wā. elasticity Point Ko te mehua whāinga o te tūtohutanga o te tono, me te supply ki huringa utu me te moni whiwhi.

elasticity pewa - e pā ana ki te taumata o te whakautu. e kore e whakarato te reira i raraunga tika (i roto i te rerekē ki te wahi). elasticity pewa o tono ko te toharite o te putanga me te hiahiatanga ki huringa i roto i te utu moni ranei. He mea tika ki te aromatawai hohoro te āhuatanga whānui i roto i te mākete.

tau whakarea o elasticity

Ko te tau whakarea o te elasticity moni he kawenga mo te tohu o huringa ine i roto i te kotahi take (rōrahi o te tono supply ranei), i te tahi atu huringa (utu, moni utu ranei) e kotahi ōrau.

tātai elasticity o supply me te hiahiatanga kei rite te ōwehenga o te huringa i roto i te taumata o te tono (supply) ki te huri i tetahi tikanga e ōrau. Tokoingoa - he take e he pānga i runga i supply me te tono. Ko te tau whakarea o te elasticity tei runga i whakatika tohu.

He momo o ngā hua rerekē i ia atu i roto i te tohu o huringa taumata tono i raro i te mana o etahi āhuatanga. Ko te aronga o te tono mo enei hua huringa quantifiable i te tauwehe. Huringa i roto i te tono elasticity pānga i runga i te āhuatanga i runga i te mākete rite te katoa.

E pā ana tēnei wāhanga ki te tukanga o te urutaunga ki te huri pūnaha mākete āhuatanga matua. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te utu o te hua, te moni kiritaki me te utu o taonga tairitenga.

tatau tikanga

tatau te tau whakarea o elasticity o moni i roto i te maha o ngā huarahi. I roto i te tātai, i reira e rua tikanga taketake:

• elasticity pewa ngāwari o te pewa ranei. Kei te whakamahia te reira ki te ine i te elasticity i waenganui i ngā i runga i te putanga me te hiahiatanga ānau. Ko tā te reira i te matauranga o te taketake me te taumata i muri o te utu, me te rōrahi.
• elasticity Wāhi elasticity o te ira ranei. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te wā ka reira he raraunga e pā ana ki te mahi o te tono (supply) me te taumata utu tuatahi, me te te rahi o te tono (supply). tono ana tēnei tātai te ki te huringa iti i roto i te utu i tetahi atu tawhā ranei.

āhuatanga matua

I runga i te faaotiraa, te mahi me ngā tātai, aru e āhuatanga elasticity taua:

• elasticity Ko te uara nui e, tei runga i te wae e ine i te rōrahi, utu atu tawhā ranei;
• elasticity o nga mahi tauutuutu ko te uara tauutuutu.

E toru ngā kōwhiringa matua i runga i rerekē i roto i te utu mākete o te rōrahi o te tono rānei:

1. tono rorohakore. Puta reira ka nui haere te maha o te taonga hokona iti iho i te kotahi ōrau mō ia ōrau o te heke utu.
2. Ki te hua i roto i te hua hokona e neke atu i te kotahi ōrau me te whakaiti i te utu e te ōrau o te tono riro rapa.
3. Ko te ariā o te elasticity kotahi puta ka rererua te nui o te hanga e tika ana ki te hekenga i roto i tona utu i roto i te hawhe.

Āhuatanga o te tono elasticity

• Ko te take wā (mo te āhuatanga wā roa tono atu rapa).
• Te aroaro wāteatanga ranei o taonga-analogues (ki te kore enei e te tīariari, te mōrea o te whakaiti i te tono iti).
• Wāhanga o te utu mō ngā hua e whakaurua pūtea kiritaki.
• mākete taumata waiwai o production.
• Ko te taea o te whakamahi i te hua.
• Ko te faufaa o tenei hua mo te kiritaki.

Āhuatanga inelasticity o tono

A feruri i te taime i ai te kiritaki kua pānga hāngai:

• pai ia nga taonga ki ngā āhuatanga pai (he utu rorohakore tono, ki te kore te hua e mahi ranei te Tinihanga te tūmanako kiritaki);
• maha kiritaki whakahaua he hua te kaiwhakanao (i roto i tenei take, he pai ki te utu i atu ia);
• kaihoko kore ai e makona ana e pā ana ki te hua motuhake;
• Ko e kore tiketike whakaritea ki te kaiwhakamahi pūtea Price;
• te kaihoko mai e te whai wāhi ki te whakaora i runga i te tetahi momo o taonga.

Income elasticity o tono

Tautuhia rite te taumata o ngā rerekētanga ine i roto i te moni mo ia ōrau. faarahi tupu Revenue te taea o te hoko, faarahi hoki te tono, a ka he pai te elasticity o tono.

Ki te he iti (nui ake i te kore engari iti iho i te kotahi) te whakarea o te elasticity, na ko reira he hua tikanga pirimia. Ki te nui ake i te kotahi, te reira te papai.

Ko nga taonga o te kounga rawakore, i reira he moni elasticity o tono he tōraro (iti iho i te kore). Ngäwari - he ahua e te tonu te huri i runga i te āhuatanga mākete rānei.

Cross-elasticity o tono

E whakaatu ana tēnei ōwehenga te pāpātanga o te huringa i roto i te tono mo te hua kotahi, i te utu o ētahi atu whakarerekētanga e kotahi ōrau. he pai, kino, me te kore ia.

Ki te he nui atu i te kore te ōwehenga, na e whakawhiti nga hua, ki te iti, kīnaki i te hua tahi i te tahi. I roto i te take o ripeka-elasticity o tono ko te kore, ka kore e ti'aturi i runga i ia atu nga taonga me te whai i kahore pānga i runga i te tono.

Ko te take matua o te ripeka-elasticity o ngā hua rerekē - āhuatanga kiritaki o taonga, ratou whakakapi tua atu ranei.

Ko tētahi o nga ari tino noa i runga i te mākete - ko te elasticity o te hua. He asymmetrical Cross: kotahi tei runga i te tahi atu hua.

Kua taratahi kairangahau te uaua i roto i te whakatau i nga rohe o ngä rängai mā ripeka-elasticity whakarea. Ēnei ngā te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. whakaritea Hard tīkina te taumata tiketike o te ripeka-elasticity i roto i manga motuhake. Hei tauira, ko te ripeka-elasticity o huawhenua tio te kamupene he tiketike rawa, engari te hanga o te paraoa pokepoke, me te tio tahi huawhenua - rawa iti. Fakatatau ki ai, tonu reira mārama mehemea kahore ranei ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te manga e rua ranei hiahia takitahi ia.
2. Ara iahiko mō te ripeka-elasticity (hei tauira, ka puta tiketike ripeka-elasticity i waenganui i te tae me te pango me te ma TV).

elasticity o supply

Tau whakarea o elasticity utu o supply ko te taumata o ngā rerekētanga ine, i te huringa utu e kotahi ōrau.

Tohu o te huringa i roto i te supply i runga i te elasticity utu ke o supply rānei ko te utu. He mehua hoki tenei huringa - te tau whakarea o horo'a elasticity, tatau nei te rite te ōwehenga o rōrahi ki te hua utu.

Āhuatanga e whakatau i te elasticity o utu supply:

• wä (inamata - rorohakore, poto - taunga ki te utu kope, wā roa-- rapa);
• te taea o te rokiroki o taonga oti, ka hokona rauemi mata mo ratou hanga wā roa-;
• te pū o te hanga o mahi (te nui o te mahi i whakapaua i runga i te hanga o ngā hua);
• te putanga mōrahi ki te kaha kawenga tonu.

Kei te huri Price elasticity o supply tika ki te pānga o te ahunga whakamua hangarau, te kounga me te nui o ngā rauemi mata, me te tahi atu rauemi whakapaua.

Ki te whakaiti i te elasticities supply hua amplification o iti rauemi raw, whakamahia nei i roto i te hanga.

mutunga

Ngāwari - tenei taumata o whakautu o tohu ōhanga i tetahi ki tetahi.

supply me te tono mahi whakawhirinaki i runga i te maha nui o te utu me te utu-kore āhuatanga (whakatika).

Ko te elasticity o tono mahi āhuatanga me supply e te tūtohutanga o te hiahia me te supply ki huringa o te take rite te ōrau. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatū i te elasticity i roto i tetahi ranei tetahi wāhi, e hiahia ana koe ki te kitea te pārōnaki wāhanga o te mahi o te putanga me te hiahiatanga i roto i te tokoingoa motuhake.