Nikolai Maclay: poto biography

"E te tuatahi ... kua kï matou e koe e te iwi nga wahi katoa te tangata" - kotahi whakatutuki i enei kupu a L. N. Tolstoy te kaipūtaiao rawa taitamariki Nikolai Maclay Miklouho-. Ko te haurongo o tenei haere rongonui ko na ngā, i kite e te i roto i te kotahi manawa. Kei te maha karangatia No miharo reira ki te marae kingi, na korerotia ana e ia te hapu emepaea o tona ora i roto i nga tangata Maori o Niu Kini.

Maclay: A Biography (whānau me te tamarikitanga)

Ko te heke mai haere rongonui whanau me te Pēhi i Hōngongoi 17, 1846 i roto i te kainga o te kawanatanga Novgorod Wetereo, i roto i te utuafare pai. Neke atu i te te tekau tau i muri ia ko tona whaea, oku teina me tuahine maha oho i wahi ki te wahi, e whai ake tona papa, ko wai i he mataaro rerewhenua. I te mutunga o 1856 i whakaritea te matenga o te whānau i upoko o te hanganga o Vyborg huarahi. E te wa ko Nicholas Maclay Sr. kua tino mate ki te mate kohi, engari te itoito whakaturia ki te mahi i runga i te mahi hou. pae hopea, wawahia tenei tona hauora, a ka mate ia i te tau i muri mai i te tau o 41 tau.

Mai haumi nga penapena whānau i roto i whakaōrite, ka hanga te pouaru i ngā mahere tuhi i te ora, i taea ki te hoatu i te tamariki i te mātauranga tika, fakaafe'i kaiako ki te whare ia. Ia ara utua ratou mo te kaiako toi e whakatuwheratia Nikolai kaha toi.

Ako i roto i te kura nui

Nikolai Maclay, nei biography he ki tonu i te mau ohipa ngā, i te tau 1858, tahi ki tona tuakana Sergei i tangohia i roto i te kōeke toru o te kura "Annenschule". Maoro, Heoi, ka inoi nga tamariki tona whaea ki te iriti i te reira ki te hākinakina kōaro. Ki te mahi i tenei, ka rēhitatia te pouaru he petihana mō te whakauru ki nga tama a te rangatira, i roto i runga i te paetukutuku te o tana tane mutunga, ki te hoatu i te tika taua.

ako Tuarua Petersburg High School Nikolay Mikluha rawa kino, me te maha truant. Ka rite ki te hua, he mea ki te uaua nui, i whakawhitia e ia ki te Class 5.

I 15 tau, i roto i te whakaaturanga ākonga i hopukina Nikolai, a me ki atu schoolboys me tona teina Sergei herea i roto i te a Pita, a Paora pourewa. Heoi, i tukua i muri i te torutoru nga ra o taiohi, rite te Komihana o Pakirehua whakaaro e kua puritia e ratou i te hape.

Hono ako i te University

I roto i te raumati o 1863, i mahue Nikolai te hākinakina. faaite e ia he hiahia ki te tomo i te Academy o Toi, engari i taea ki te kōrero ki a ia i roto i o tona whaea.

I roto i te Mahuru 1863 piri te tangata taitamariki he tūao i Moscow University o Physics me Pāngarau o te mea i taea noa kahore te tuhinga ki te mutunga i te akoranga hākinakina. I reira mahi ia sciences pakeke taiao, tae atu ki whaiaroaro.

I roto i ngā huihuinga whare wānanga, puritia i roto i te 1864, ua tamata Nicholas ki mau i te whare i tona hoa i te hākinakina Sufschinskogo. i puritia ratou e te whakahaere, ka rāhuitia te tamaiti i te haereraa i ngā karaehe.

Kia waiho te reira mārama e kore Nicholas e taea ki te farii i te mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia, whakaae te whaea, ki te tukua atu te tamaiti ki te ako ki waho i roto i Germany. I muri i te tamataraa roa, whakahaere te tangata taitamariki ki te tiki i te uruwhenua, me te haere ki waho i roto i April 1864.

Life i roto i Germany

Nikolai Maclay (haurongo o te kaipūtaiao toutou whakaritea i roto i te wā Soviet) i muri i whakauru ki te Whare Wānanga o Heidelberg whai wāhi i roto i ngā tautohetohe tōrangapū i waenganui i reira nga ākonga kāreti Russian e pā ana ki ngā tirohanga rerekē i runga i te ngangaretanga Polish. i tamata tona whaea ki te whakapati tana tama ki te noho atu i tōrangapū, me te riro i te mataaro pai. Anga ke ki nga hiahia o tona tamarikitanga, me kauhau i runga i te pāngarau, ka anga ia te haere ngā akomanga i roto i ngā akoranga pāpori.

I roto i te raumati o te tau 1865 whakawhitia Nicholas Maclay ki (haurongo o te tangata taitamariki pai nui mohiotia), te University o Leipzig. I reira, piri ia te manga, te wahi whakangungua kaiwhakahaere i te mara o te ahuwhenua me te ngahere.

I muri whakarongo ki reira tau 4, ka haere ia ki Jena, a piri te Faculty o Medicine, te wahi ako ia mo te 3 tau.

Ko te ope taua ki te Motu, kātahi

I roto i te puna o 1866, ua faaoti te kaiwhakahaere pūtaiao o Nikolai E. Haeckel ki te haere ki Sicily ki te whakaaro o ako nga kararehe o te Mediterranean, a karangatia ia ki te haere ki tona ākonga tino me te kaiāwhina. i akina atu te whawhai ratou ki te huri i te ara, a ka ko te tangata taitama i Ingarangi, i reira tutaki ia ki e Darwin ia. Na ka rere nga kaiuru o te ope ki a Mateilá me ka ki a Santa Cruz i te motu o Tenerife.

tangohia te taupori rohe kua pūtaiao mō maori. Ki runga ki te otinga o te rōpū o pūtaiao, i ngā ko Maclay, tae Morocco. I reira, ko Nikolai ki ako i te ora o te Berbers, a ka hoki ki a Jena i Mei 1867.

ngā mahi pūtaiao

I roto i te Jena nn Maclay (haurongo i roto i te taitamarikitanga aroaro i runga) i ano Haeckel kaiāwhina. I roto i te raumati o te tau 1867, whakaputaina ana e ia tona tuhinga pūtaiao tuatahi i roto i te "Journal o Jena rongoa me nga pūtaiao māori." I hainatia te reira i "Maclay".

He tau i muri mai, puta te tangata taitamariki i te Medical Faculty o te University o Jena me kua kua mātātoa te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi pūtaiao. I roto i tetahi o ona oko, hoatu mua ia te whakapae i te kukuwhatanga ko te pārōnaki, arā. E. Ko te whakawhiti i te ahua taketake o te rauropi ora ki te tahi atu puka, engari e kore e tika i te rawa.

Ko te ope ki Itari me te Moana Whero

I muri i te kore o maha nganatanga ki te riro i te mema o te ope neke Maclay (haurongo o nga tau whakamutunga o e aroaro i raro i tona ora) haere ki Sicily ki kaimātai kararehe Anton Dohrn-Darwinist.

I roto i Italy, ako te kaihōpara rongonui heke mai o te otinga o te hanga o te Suez , a faaoti ki ako i te otaota o te Moana Whero.

I muri i te haerenga ki Ihipa, i reira pau ia he mahi nui o te rangahau, ka haere te pūtaiao ki Russia, te wahi tae ia i roto i te raumati o te tau 1869.

Teuteu mo te ope tuatahi ki New Guinea

Fehangahangai ki whanaunga e i taua wa noho i roto i Saratov, Nikolai Maclay (haurongo o te kaipūtaiao i muri iritihia ki te maha reo) haere ahau ki te pane, me te korero i te maha hui pūtaiao. I maoro, i whakaaetia e ia ki te rarangi o te Society Geographical Russian ka whakaaetia te tauira o te ope i tuku ia ki runga ki te Moananui a Kiwa.

Haratua 21, 1870 te Minita o Marine Crabbe mea i riro ia whakaaetanga ki te whakaora i te Maclay teitei i roto i Batavia i runga i te Corvette "Vityaz".

Maclay Nikolai: he haurongo poto o te wā o te ora i runga i te motu i roto i te Pacific Ocean

I tū Tuhinga o te "Vityaz" Whiringa 8, 1870. I roto i Brazil, Maclay i te toro i te hōhipera rohe, a ka mahi i roto i mangumangu tirohanga o tane e rua.

Hōngongoi 21, tae "Te Knight" i roto i Tahiti. I runga i te motu hokona Maclay kareko whero, ngira, matatahi, hopi, a riro te mau horo'araa i Jossan episekopo.

Na ka haere te haere ki Apia, te wahi e utua ana e rua pononga: he hēramana i Sweden Olsen me te kuao Māori o Klitschko. E rua marama i muri mai, tae he kaiputaiao me ana kaiāwhina te ūnga whakamutunga o ratou ara. Maclay (haurongo poto o te pūtaiao rite te pūrākau tuku) u ki ana kaiāwhina, ka tae mai te kainga. ka mau kainoho rohe katoa ki ana rekereke, engari Papuan ko Tui i te heke mai ka e te takawaenga i waenganui i nga mema o o te ope, me te Maori.

I roto i te tuatahi o nga marama o te Maori peratia nga manene warily, engari i roto i te tau 1872 Maclay (e kore e taea haurongo poto hoatu he pikitia tino o tona ora, ki tonu i te mōrearea) i tangohia e ratou kia rite ki te hoa.

Te tūhura i te wāhi i huaina te haere tona ingoa. Na i runga i te mahere ao puta Tai Maclay.

Ko te haerenga tuarua ki a New Guinea

Hakihea 24 i runga i te kaipuke "Emerald" he kaiputaiao mahue New Guinea. I muri i te ia haere mai e ia ki a Hong Kong, i reira ako ana e pā ana ki kupu ia ia kairangahau kororia Papuans. I muri haerenga ki Batavia Maclay haere i runga i te rua o te ope ki te Papuans a u i Ambon, January 2, 1874. Reira ia ka anga ki te whawhai ki slavers.

I roto i te Mei 1875 i tuhituhi te pūtaiao he pukapuka ki a te emepera Alexander II ki te tono ki te tango i raro i te tiaki o nga Maori o Niu Kini, a ka riro te whakautu kino.

I muri te haamau'araa 17 marama i runga i te motu, haere Maclay ki Ahitereiria. I reira te whakahaere Miklouho- Maclay ki anaanatae te teihana koiora whakahaere kaupapa mana rohe i roto i te Bay Watsons Bay. Mai kore ia e taea te ki te kohikohi i te nui e hiahiatia ana, ka haere kotahi ano te pūtaiao ki te tonga Moana.

I roto i Melanesia

I te timatanga o 1880 ka u te haere i runga i te tinomoutere Ruihiāti, engari i reira kirimana he kirika, a i semeio whakaorangia e mau misionare ka mau ia ki a Piripane. He tau i muri mai ka hoki Maclay ki Poihākena, ka ahu te Marine Biological Station.

Heoi, i ia tona pai ki te tiaki i te taupori o Nūkini. I roto i ngā, tona wawaotanga ora i te kohuru o te kainga Aboriginal, tata nei i whakamatea e toru misionare.

E hoki ki Russia, me te haerenga ki Ūropi

Sydney Maclay (haurongo poto o te kaipūtaiao e kore i roto i tetahi mōhiohio e pā ana ki ona romances memeha noa) ka tutaki ki te pouaru Margaret Robertson Clark - te tamahine o te rangatira koroni nui, patua ana e ia ki runga ki nei he romance. Heoi, i ia ki te waiho i te wahine taitamariki a hoki ki a Russia, te wahi tae ia i roto i Hānuere 1882. I reira tatari ia ki te faaoromai, me ana kauhau i he angitu nui. I tua atu, i te aroaro o te haere ki Alexander III, e noho ana raruraru pūtea.

arahina taumaha hauora Maclay ki te haere mo te maimoatanga i roto i Europe. I roto i te tere, riro ia he pukapuka i Margaret Clark, i roto i nei i hoatu e ia whakaae ki te marena ki te kaipūtaiao. Heoi, pai atu i te haere ki te tino, he pūtaiao hoki te toru o nga wa tae mai New Guinea. I reira i whakama ia, ko nga mea o tona hoa ka mate Papuans. u Maclay i Bong kai rākau - mangoes, pōporo, karaka, rēmana me te pīni kawhe. Heoi, ahakoa ngā tono i nga Papuans, mahue ia ratou, te fafau ki hoki.

te faaipoiporaa

Pipiri 10, ka hoki 1883 Nicholas Maclay ki Poihākena me ki rutu i te raruraru e pā ana ki te mutunga o te faaipoiporaa i rotopu i ia me he Porotetani Clark. February 27, 1884 i marenatia ratou, me o ratou matamua-whanau i whanau i roto i Whiringa - te tama a Alexander.

Hoki ki Russia, me te mate

I muri i te fariiraa i te tikanga mo te tuku o te whare faaoti koiora Station Maclay ki hoki ki tona whenua, a tae i roto i Odessa i waenganui-puna 1886. Kua tamata nga kaipūtaiao Russian ki te kawe i roto i te whakahaere o nga koroni whakanohonoho kaupapa i runga i te Tai Maclay, engari haere, ara ana mahere.

I roto i te 1887, heke hauora o te haere rongonui. Ahakoa tenei, whakahaere ia ki te kawe i te whānau i roto i Russia. Heoi, ko te mate (rite tahuri reira i roto i te mate pukupuku), i mua, a i roto i Aperira 1988 Nicholas Maclay (biography poto o koutou e matau kua) mate.

tangihanga

I roto i te ara whakamutunga pau te haere e rave rahi pūtaiao rongonui o te wa, me te mau melo o te Society Geographical Russian. i tanumia Maclay i te urupā Volkov muri ki tona papa, me tona tuahine Olga.

Na e matau ana koutou e te Maclay Nikolai. haurongo Poto o te tangata, ara i roto i te puka kōpeke e te rota o whārangi, rite noho ia tona ora, he taonga mīharo i roto i te mōrearea.