Novodevichy Convent i Moscow, kei hea? History o te ohu whakapono

Ko tētahi o nga kohatu hoahoanga Russian nui whakaaro te ki hei te Novodevichy Convent i Moscow. Ohu Museum mai te rau tau XVI e wahi i roto i te piko o te awa Moskva i te wahi fakahisitōlia huaina te mara ko, e a kore mutu ki te kukume ki tona ataahua, me te hītori roa o te awa o tūruhi me manene kore-mutu.

ngā Secret me ngā pakiwaitara e mātau i roto i Novodevichy Convent. I roto i Moscow, te wahi i te ohu tawhito, i roto i te Tatar ioka iwi Russian kohia takoha mo te Golden Horde. I utua Tribute ki te Tatars, e kore anake moni koura, me furs. Kei te ki konei kawea te reira i nehenehe Russian kotiro, ko tona whakarau kua këtia e te wa o te he pōpula. Mai reira, huaina te mara ko te Maiden, me te whenua i konei, e kite i te pouri e kore e mutu noho haurangi ki roimata. Here a Novodevichy Convent i Moscow, i whakatakotoria ai turanga nei hītori haere hoki senituli, ki te wa o te whakapakari i te kaha o Russia.

Ko te wā ki te uniana o whenua Moscow

Novodevichy Convent Mother o te Atua o hītori Smolensk tīmata i 1524, ka takoto tona ahua kei te hui nui mō te Russia - te otinga o te whakakotahitanga o Muscovy. Grand Prince Vasily III o Moscow, i huaina "kaikohi o nga whenua Russian", personified me tupu o nga fetaulaki'anga Byzantine, ka tiaki i Ofotokisií i te infidels.

whenua whakakotahitanga Grand i roto i Russia mutu ki te whakaoranga i raro i te ture Lithuanian o Smolensk - te pa, i i faufaa rautaki mo te āhua Russian. ka mau te whawhai hītori wahi i roto i 1514, me te 10 nga tau i muri mai, te raveraa i tona kupu whakaari i hanga i mua i te haere ki Smolensk, whakaturia Piriniha te ohu ki te hahi, whakatapua te icon Smolensk o te Mother Tapu ( "Putevoditelnitsy").

ara nui ki Ata Smolensk

tae te icon o te Smolensk Mother o te Atua te whenua Russian i roto i te rau tau XI, i mua i te taeraa mai o Muscovy. E ai ki te kōrero, te tuhituhi i roto i te ora te fenua o te wahine Aposetolo Luke, kua tae mai ia i te ara roa i Hiruharama tawhito i roto i te pane a Byzantine o Constantinople, a ka ki te Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. i faataahia ia ki te riro i te whare o te tini o nga rangatira Russian. A mo te wa roa, te whakapakoko semeio o āta tiaki i roto i te hahi o te whakaaro Smolensk. Mai taua wa, i mohiotia ai rite te icon Smolensk o te Mother o te Atua, me te pa Kei te rongoa nei i runga i nga ma'i o te wahine. I roto i nga meatanga o XIII rau rawa ki te whakaahua i te semeio e icon ka ora ia te Smolensk i te whakaekenga o nga hoia o Batu.

Mai 1398 ko te whakapakoko semeio i roto i Muscovy. kawea te reira i Sophia Vitovtovna, Moscow Prince Vasily I. wahine i roto i te haerenga ki Smolensk ki tona papa, te rangatira Lithuanian, riro Sophia manaaki me te arata'iraa o te matua ki te rokiroki i tētahi icon i te kāinga. A tuu i te mea i whakaritea i roto i te Faaiteraa Cathedral o te Kremlin.

Kua hoki nga tau maha ka ui nga karere o Smolensk ki Vasili III o te hokinga mai o te icon. Ko kua whakaaetia kotahi te whakatau ki te hanumi te whenua Russian me te hiahia ki te kukume i te tangata o Smolensk i te taha Russian o te rangatira tenei kaupapa ki te tupu.

I mua i te tuku i te wahi tiketike i roto i te ara roa ki Smolensk, i te wō o te rangatira me ngā ata nekehia atu rārangi tika, i whakarerea i roto i te Faaiteraa Cathedral. Te Novodevichy Convent i Moscow, kei hea he ia inaianei he rārangi o ngā ata, ko ia i roto i 1525.

I roto i te Smolensk haere tahi whare tapu he ropu i te taiepa Kremlin ki Sawin ohu whakapono. Ko reira i muri i te inoi nui oho ia haere te ara Smolensk anake.

Tenei e me'a mahu'inga kua mai whakanuia tau ratonga hakari ana me te haerenga ki te wahi i reira hora inaianei te Novodevichy Convent. Moscow, Russia, Russian Kerisetiano Siu katoa whakakororia Hōngongoi 28, Smolensk icon o te Mother o te Atua. I tenei wāhi, i muri i te pakanga wikitoria o Smolensk, i whakatakotoria te hahi rakau tuatahi o te ohu whakapono hou.

Kia pehea te i te ingoa o te ohu i runga i te mara a te wahine

Ko te ohu ko "Novodevichy" kihai i kōpeka. Na roto i te timatanga o te rau tau XVI kua a Moscow rua ohu wahine - te ohu matamua o te Conception, ka karanga ka Starodevichim, me te kei i runga i te rohe o te Maueraa te Moscow Kremlin o. Ko te ingoa taketake o te ohu i runga i te mara a te wahine, whakahuatia i roto i te meatanga i te 1598 - te nuinga o Pure wahine Hodegetria te whare none hou.

Tera atu ano tetahi putanga o te ahua o te taitara. i whakatapua Abbess o te ohu ki te aronuinga-nun Elena, Bayou me haapae hua Suzdal Pokrovsky Monastery. Mai i Suzdal ki te unsubscribe none abbess hou, me te 18 Nuns, a ki te mahi ki te pono i te reira i roto i to koutou kaha katoa. whakaturia te ora o nga Nuns i te ohu whakapono i te taha o te mau parau tumu ētehi tawhito me e ngohengohe ki te tikanga tino. Whakatika ki te wa nei ki te whakaora i te tuhinga tuhi ahurei unu ake i te abbess o te Novodevichy Convent - tūtohinga me te timatanga none rā o te rau tau XVI.

I whakairia Bayou Elena ki kia "vseizryadnoy kaiako paetukutuku wahine," ka i te whakaminenga Devochkin īngoa no o te tokanga makehe ki te kotiro kaitiakitanga. Aroha me te tiaki faaohipahia e te abbess i nui e te toka ai i roto i te Moscow ingoa pani tawhito mō wahine.

Mai i te hītori o te Novodevichy Convent te pai mohiotia e i te wa o Pita i ahau i konei whakaritea piringa mō ngā pēpi, kōtiro whanau hetia. Nuns ki te whakaara, me te whakaako ratou nanakia, te niniiraa i roto i a ratou i te haehaa e te haapa'o. no reira ki a Pita whakaaro ahau ki te whakaako miro ohu novices i runga i te tikanga Tatimana. Shelter Ko te tauira tuatahi o te heke mai o te Orphanage Moscow mō ngā kōtiro akomanga tiketike.

History o te ohu mō ngā wahine, me te piringa mo kotiro pani muri tonu a raa Novodevichy Monastery whakaturia e te tikanga o Empress Elizabeth i 1746. I taua wa, kua whakaritea e ia ki te whakawhiti i te wheako o te Nuns Moscow i St Petersburg. timata te tino rongonui tenei ohu ki te whakamahi i roto i te tino pokea ana o monasticism i roto i nga wahine i roto i te rau tau XIX.

Ko tētahi putanga o te take mō te taketake i te ohu

Tumu kōrero tata kotahi whakaae e tetahi o nga take mo taketake i te kawenati hou a ko te whakaari whaiaro Vasily III. unu te whakarara te i waenganui i te hanga o te ohu whakapono me te take faataaraa o te rangatira. 20 tau o te faaipoiporaa tīpakohia ratou Solomonia Saburova, kihai i kaha ki te hoatu i te kainga rangatira ahau. Wehi ana teina, te ahua ki te tohutohu i, whiwhi ia whakaaetanga i te hahi ki te kati. Kāore e taea te ki te akakoromaki i tona hopoi'a faaipoiporaa ki tana wahine Solomonia Vasily III i takoha ki te tango i te arai, a peia atu ia ki te ohu whakapono Kirihimete. I te 1525 ka iriirihia reira Sophia.

He maha hītori whakapono i hangaia te Novodevichy Convent i Moscow, i te mea he rārangi o te icon Smolensk mō Horomona. Na Vasily III, «pionie" o te piriniha i roto i te takoha atu tana wahine mo te taiepa o te ohu whakapono, e ngana ana te kupu ki te faaiti tona hara.

Mai i te Kremlin ki te Novodevichy Convent i toru anake maero. Otiia neke ki te wahi picturesque e tata ana Moscow nun Sophia i taea ki te haamau'araa ona ra wahi i muri te taiepa i roto i Suzdal, Pokrovsky o te none. Tona ora tika tika ia tauanga ki mo'a, me tenei ra faatura e te hunga whakapono rite Sofiya Suzdalskaya Reverend.

Godunovs te Novodevichy Convent

Ko te mahi pouri o tangata tohutoro mau utuafare kingi tonu Ivan Grozny. huna ia i konei pouaru o tona teina, me tana tama. ka mau te ohu, me te pouaru o Fedor ahau Ioanovicha, Irina Godunov, tiaki ai i te mate o tona tuakana Boris. Tona whakatau ki te waiho i te ohu i muri i te matenga tana tahu a ko reira oku tatau ki te Tuhinga. Ko konei ko i haere te kuini o te none i runga i nga mahi tūmatanui, hanga i te noho o te whare mo te kingitanga. Ko reira konei ka haere e toru nga wa ki koropiko ki te boyars e ui Boris ki kingi.

tīmata ngā aro me te Tuhinga o te Novodevichy Convent ki te hoatu i te reira Boris Godunov, e tangohia e te mana i roto i te 1598. hanga e ia he hou wāteatea pūtau, fare pureraa, me te ruma hoki tona tuahine Irina Fedorovna. I muri, ka kia huaina e ratou ruma Irininskimi. I tua atu, i whakaritea moni mo te whakahoutanga i oti o te Smolensk Cathedral, ngā pikitia faaho'ihia mai me te iconostasis, me te whakapakoko semeio kakahu i roto i utu hou ki te kohatu utu nui.

uri kingi whakaraua

Ko te tauatanga mutunga o nga tangata o te ohu o te boyars puninga me rangatira. I roto ia ratou, ko te hunga e kitea ratou i muri taiepa kaha kore e o ratou ake ti'araa i.

here tonu o whanaunga me Pita I. I te 1689 huna konei Princess Sophia Alekseevna, tuahine o te kuini me te koroke te maunu Archer. Ko ingoa te whakarau o ona hoa. i mahi i ratou i roto i mua o te Novodevichy Convent, ka piko o ratou matenga i runga i taumaihi kohatu o nga taiepa o te ohu whakapono. Tenei wahine tuatahi i whakahekea ano hoki o Pita ahau, Lopuchin Evdokia, kia rite ki te kōrero kanga tona ngakau aroha o te pa i runga i te Neva.

"Novodevichy Convent i Moscow, te wahi i reira he maha nga tangata o te whānau rangatira, te momona me te tikanga mō te tangata o teitei" - i whakaatu Patereareha Nikon. Ka rite i roto i te ra tawhito i roto i Starodevichy, a konei ka puta mai nga kingi wahine, pouaru, tamahine, me tuahine o te boyars.

Hoki te taonga ta'efa'alaua whiwhi noho i te turanga, i honoa tonu me mea Nuns heke mai, me te haamo'araa pukapuka i roto i te kainga o ratou whenua.

Noho pa ranei?

I te whakahau o Vasily III, i mahara te ohu ki te waiho i te kape iti o te Kremlin. e kore kaihoahoa Kooti me kaipeita mahi anake i runga i te taiepa o parepare, nui o ratou ataahua. Tahuri i te taiepa o te ohu i roto i te pa faaoti ki Boris Godunov, tīmata i muri i te pikitanga ki te torona o te huringa hoahoanga o te ohu whakapono. New taiepa kohatu mārō ki pourewa hou me taumaihi karapotia te ohu whakapono. inaianei kua nui haere o ratou teitei ki 13 mita, me te roa - tata te kiromita. Hei kawe i te kaitiaki i te ohu whakapono whakairi strelets hoia o 350 eke hoiho, ka ki te rau tau XVII te ohu he pa Tipene tūturu i runga i te rohe o Moscow.

Tuhi o te Moscow Novodevichy Convent me korero ki a matou e pā ana ki te wa o nga aue nui, ka i fakamamahi te whakarau o te pa ohu. E tu ana i te tahuri o te pa, kua oti i raro i te reira ki maha marau o tangata ke, nga hoia tutu o musketeers me kaipahua noa. Na roto i te 1612 i tata whakangaromia nga taiepa o te ohu whakapono, a pahuatia ana te ohu whakapono. Ko reira i raro i te taiepa kua ururuatia o te Novodevichy Convent, he whawhai hītori ki te ope Polish, i muri i arahina Prince Pozharsky te kapa ki te Kremlin.

Ko te ora hou o te ohu whakapono: te faaho'iraa mai, me te koa tonu i

timata Fakafoki o te ohu Novodevichy ki te haerenga mai o te kingitanga o te Romanov tuatahi. Mikhail Fedorovich, wewete te ohu i te takoha ki 1650 whakawāteatia te ohu i te tohu o te whawhai, hanga me taiepa taiepa. I hanga e ia te ohu he wahi mo inoi taata kingi eia. Mai reira kei te Novodevichy Convent i waho te pa, pakaru i raro i ona taiepa i teneti, i reira noho ratou mo te po, "kia rite ki te kore ki te mahue i te inoi ata." Ngā mihi ki te ohu Moscow ingoa ko te huarahi Prechistenka - hakari-ra pa tawhito tohu. Ko reira hoki haere ona pāriha i runga i ngā hararei.

ka haere mai kātoanga Ritenga i Novodevichy Muscovites ki te ora ki te wa. I teie mahana, mano o te iwi tamata ki te tiki ki te Novodevichy Convent i Moscow. Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te wahi i reira e tū te hui hararei?

whakanui hakari i roto i te pokapū hītori

Neke atu i te wa, te wahi o hakari iwi kua whakawhitia i te taiepa o te ohu i runga i te hou, me te mara a wahine. tū te hui tuatahi i anake i runga i ngā hararei fakalotú. Kei te whai pānga hoki te ahua o te huarahi Prechistenka rongonui ki te Novodevichy Convent.

Ko te ara i runga i i haere mai tau te pono i te taiepa Kremlin ki te ohu whakapono, vai i mua. Ko whakahau a te kingi i roto i 1658 ka mohiotia ai rite te ingoa o te whakapaingia wahine, i te mea te mata o te semeio tahi nga hararei.

Āta, ka anga tenei pae hītori ki te whakanui ngā nui, me te mea mataro-. Whakatika ki te rau tau XVIII kore te rohe o te parae E ko tonu hanga. He ko korōria māra a wahia māra kaiwhakaranu. timata whare Country o te hanahana i roto i tenei wahi ki te puta ki te mutunga o te rau tau.

I teie mahana E ko rohe mara tino hanga ake, me nga huarahi matua o te pokapū hītori whakaaro te ki kia tino Pirogovskaya Minor Pirogovskaya me Pogodinskaya. E tū kātoanga i te maha wāhi, i roto i tawhiti haere o ia atu, na te aratohu ki te kitea te wāhi hoki e mahi i te reira i teie mau ara.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki ki te Novodevichy Convent

e kore e kore tetahi o nga ara tāpoi o te whakapaipai karo tona whakarongo Novodevichy Convent. Moscow - Ko te tīmatanga mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te haere a tawhio noa te Golden Ring.

Ka rite ki roa te noho o te ohu noa 1922. I ora ia i te kāwanatanga Soviet rite te tohu hoahoanga noa te 30raa, ka i hoatu te whakatau o te nga tangata Commissariat o te whare o te matatini ohu ki te State Historical Museum (peka). i mua ara te mutunga o te pakanga i roto i te rohe o te none timata ki te whakahauora kura fakalotu. Na anake i roto i te 1994 i ora te ora Monastic i roto i te ohu whakapono.

hoatu nga wa katoa kaiarahi Tourist mōhiohio mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te haere ki te Novodevichy Convent. Wāhitau me tohutohu tohu ratou nga kōrero katoa o te kaupapa. Hoko ngaro ka kia uaua.

Mai tenei ra ko te pokapū hītori o te whakapaipai, a ka kua wehea maha wae e te tawhiti poto, na te teihana Metro "Sport" he pai ki te tango i te haere 10-meneti me te huarahi. Oketopa 10 tau.

Ko te rohe o te matatini ohu he iti VCJS Novodevichy. Luzhnetskaya haere me te take Khamovniki. I tua atu ki te tirohanga o te matatini hoahoanga, tūruhi me te pā o maha iwi nui miharo urupā Novodevichy. Reira pā ana hoki ki te mātanga motuhake o Moscow. tianara, māngai nui o te pūtaiao me te ahurea, me tōrangapū: Tenei e maha tuakiri faahiahia o to tatou whenua i tanumia.

Heritage o hītori Russian me te varua o te whakapono piri i roto ano i te rohe mo te wahi o Russia - Novodevichy Convent i Moscow. Wāhi noho: lēlué "Sports", Novodevichy irava, 1.