Ōhanga Finnish: hanganga ahumahi

Finland - WÄ tino i roto i te tikanga katoa me ngā tino tino mana i roto i te Pākehā Union. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e i roto i tenei whenua i te kiato raro taupori i roto i te EU, he āhuarangi makariri rawa pakeke, tawhiti roa i waenganui i ngā whakataunga, me te nui whāititanga o ngā rauemi māori, me ngā rauemi raw. Te nuinga no te mea o tenei, e te faaruru i te ōhanga Finnish he tino nui i runga i te tika o te kaupapa here rohe, e te takina tonu tamataraa nāianei e pā ana ki nohopuku nui, ka taea e ara e koe te mea i te hoholo tere o te taupori me te ao.

Ko te pere matua

whiriwhiria Country Suomi he ara uaua, e hāngai ana ki te whakatutuki whāinga motu, te whakapakaritanga o te whakataetae pai i roto i te ao o te ao, a oti whakapai ake o te toko i te ora o nga tangata katoa o te whenua. Ki tenei mutunga, e hāngai ana te ōhanga Finnish tenei ra te i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whanaketanga rohe, i te mea ki te whakarite i taea ki te tino io ratou pūmanawa huna ia rohe o te kāwanatanga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, utu te whenua aro ki te pupuri i nga wāhi rawakore kore anake, engari ano hoki i ētahi atu rohe i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i to ratou whanonga ōhanga me te ātete ki te huri i runga i te atamira ao. Ko te tūnga matua o te rautaki o te Kawanatanga Finnish nāianei tenei.

mōhiohio hītori

Ko te tino hihiri, me te pai i te hītori o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga Finnish. Ko anake ko te wāhanga o 1960-1970 tau, ka tae te tihi te tau mōrahi o te iwi i whanau nei i roto i te wā kaumātua. Ko reira i tenei wa i te heke tino nui o te taupori mahi tau o rohe ahuwhenua i roto i te wāhi whakahaere, me te ahumahi. Ko te rua tekau tau i muri mai, he ngā pūmau, me te whakanoho whakawhanakehia te ōhanga Finnish. he vēkeveke ki te waihanga i tētahi toenga ikeiketanga o huarahi rerekē ki te āwhina i te whakawhanake i te whare wānanga pa, kawanatanga me municipalities te āhua. I roto i te mahi, hua tenei i roto i te hanganga o pera-ka karanga kainga hangarau, i nga analogues suschestvuschey inaianei US Silicon Valley - he wahi i reira nga repo o ratou wawata tohunga pai i huri noa i te ao. Na he huarahi taua ko kua arahina te ārahitanga Finnish ki te meka e āta tukinotia maha kamupene i roto i enei kainga i roto i te tikanga ki te tiki i nga hua e hiahiatia ana mo to ratou rangahau me te whanaketanga. Ko tētahi o te nui rawa kainga hangarau ko Oulu, i i taea ki te hoatu i te whanaketanga kaha ki te whanaketanga o te rohe.

raruraru

ōhanga Finnish ite te tetahi raruraru i roto i te tau 1990, i muri aru e te wāhanga o te ora. i meinga e te meka e reira ko he roa i roto i te tupu o te iwi o te mahi wāhi ahumahi tau-tau, i arahina ki te blurring nui o nga rohe o te ahumahi Finland pera-ka karanga fifi i roto i te āhua. whakaratohia ana tēnei āhuatanga i te matamua tere o te mahi i te wāhi tāone tonga-rawhiti o te whenua. I roto i tenei take, tupu tere te rohe a tawhio noa o Helsinki me kore ōrite rohe anake nui haere potihnonku.

I roto i te atu taipitopito, i roto i Uusimaa, Varsinais-Suomi, Pirkanmaa ko Ostrobothnia Pohoys mo te wā 1994-2000 ko te tupu ōhanga i waenganui i 6.5% i te auau motu o te 5%. Heoi, anake te mauähara o ngā rerekētanga rohe, a ka tupu kore mahi. E tano ia tapao e i roto i te tau 1990, ko tona tere 3.2% i roto i te whenua, a i roto i te 1995 - kua 15%.

wā 2000

timata Sotsorientirovannaya ōhanga Finnish i roto i nga tau wawe o te rau tau 21 ki te wheako iti rerekē, engari tonu te kau taki me nga taka-i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga o te rohe te taua. Kua arahina e te tere tano o te tupu o te öhanga ki te meka e kua hāngai tohu whanaketanga ōhanga me te whārite. Whakarara ki tenei, kua reira kua etahi tērā iho te hekenga o te iwi i roto i te whakataunga nui, me pokapū ahumahi, e fehangahangai rite maha Finns ki huaina te mea ko te opurutanga: timata te rāngai o ngā ratonga pāpori ki te wheako popoketanga nui, kua hoki nui haere utu whare tino a ko tino tiketike mō te tokomaha.

tenei katoa arahina arorau ki te meka i nui haere te ia o te iwi neke ki nga wahi o waho ake, me te municipality mōwai. I tua atu, 2012 ko te wāhi koki i roto i te tahi mau tuhaa, rite te tukanga o whakaiti o te taupori mahi tau 15-64 tau te pakeke. E ai ki te tohunga, i te 2025 ka nui ake te tokomaha o te iwi i runga i 64 tau i roto i te rohe whakapaipai e 80% whakaritea ki ngā taumata o nāianei, a ka wheako Eastern Finland he kaimahi o te mahi, i, i roto i te tahuri, tino aukati i te rängai ahumahi i roto i te whanaketanga whakamua atu. Ka whakapai ake i roto i ngā o te maha o te iwi o te mahi tau e kitea anake i roto i te hokohoko, tāpoi, pakihi, me te hauora.

āhuatanga pai

O nga mau huru pai o te raki o te whenua ko te whai:

• Ko te maia o te ōhanga Finnish.
• pūmautanga tōrangapū.
• Tino whakawhanakehia hanganga.
• Ko te tika o ngā pūnaha torotoro waea.
• Ko te pāhekoheko tino i waenganui i te ngā hinonga, rangahau, pokapū hangarau ngā me wānanga.
• Ko te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā hua hou, me te hangarau.
• He taumata rawaka o te mātauranga o te taupori rohe.
• āhuarangi tino pai mō te pakihi.

rāngai tūmatanui

hinonga State-fatuhia whakarato he wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga o te whenua. I roto i te 1990, kua reira kua whakakorea taua hinonga e whakahaeretia ana e te kāwanatanga, pērā i: Institute o Whakahaere Public, te pokapū mahere, whakaputa me te tini ke atu. Heoi pehia hokotanga wāhanga o:

• "Mauria ki" (para me matū).
• "Fortum" (te rāngai pūngao).
• "Outokumpu" (ahumahi).
• "Valmet" (engineering aunoa).
• "Sampo" me "Sponda" (ratonga pūtea, hoko whare).
• "Stora Enso" (rakau, woodworking me te penupenu me te pepa ahumahi).

I roto i te wā o 1990-2000. kawea hokotanga kua ki te takotoranga moni kāwanatanga 11 piriona US tāra.

motuhake ahumahi

Finland (Kei te faaruru i te whenua o te ōhanga i tenei ra tupu pōturi whakaritea ki te toenga o te Pākehā Union) rite te rāngai nui he ngahere, ngā mōhiohio, torotoro waea, metallurgy, pūngao, mīhini-hanga, tukatuka kai, ahumahi hanga, me te tiaki hauora, me te whakarato o ngā ratonga pakihi. Me kï reira e kawea mai te rāngai ahuwhenua i roto i te wā 1940-1950 kua te whenua o neke atu i te 25% o te hua motu matotoru, a i roto i to tatou ra - 3%. I te tūnga tuatahi mawhiti kara, e mahia e pā ana ki 60% o te GNP. Whakatika noa te 1980, kua tupu te reira tamau me te wahi o te mana ahumahi, engari i tenei ra i whakaritea tona wahi te i a tawhio noa 28%.

rakau tukurua

Forests - te taonga matua o te kāwanatanga Finnish. I roto i te kamupene rakau tukatuka matua puta: UPM-Kymmene, Stora Enso ko Metsä Group. E te ara, kua tīmata te kamupene ao-mohiotia Nokia hoki ona mahi pakihi ki te whakatuwheratanga o te mira penupenu, a anake i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1990 faaoti ki te haere ki te ao o te torotoro waea.

I te wa o 2007 10% o te katoa ki tāwāhi o ngā hua e rua penupenu ngahere me te pepa ao i roto i Finland. Na ko uara kaweake o te pepa tā me katoa kotahi-rima o tāwāhi katoa.

Metallurgy me te engineering aunoa

kanohi ōhanga o Finland i roto i tenei tuhaa e taua kamupene rite:

• Sisu aunoa - production o taraka me waka motuhake mo te wahi tino mo te hiahia o te ahumahi korero.
• Wärtsilä - hua engines mō oko kaha rerekē, huarahi tīwiri-momo, kekeno, ngā pūnaha whakahaere, me te pera i runga i.
• Wekman - kaihanga o tāpa whakarewa.
• Kone - hua elevators, neke ara hikoi, escalators me whakaara pāhihi.
• Abloy - te ao kaihanga rongonui o maukati pūnaha, makawe, taputapu hoahoanga, makawe, tae atu electromechanical.
• Rautaruukki - kaihanga o ngā hanganga rino mo hanga me steels motuhake.
• Outokumpu - hua kowiri tira.

hopoi mai hoki nui moni Tuatahi Quantum Minerals mahi o te kamupene, mana nei te ka rave i roto i te whanaketanga o te nui rawa i roto i te toku nika oneone Finnish, kei roto i Lapland. He production rōrahi i te whānuitanga o te 10 miriona taranata ia tau.

Na roto i te mutunga o 2015, whai wāhi 121.000 iwi i roto i te ahumahi engineering. I te taha ki kaweake, ko tino angitu hoki te ahumahi te tau 2015. Hua i hoko moni ki 12.6 piriona euros.

motuhake te ahumahi maitai i roto i te hanga o te maitai. I muri i te hua o 2015 ko Finland i te wahi 31 th i roto i te ao i roto i ngā o te rōrahi katoa o rewanga o whakarewa (3.9 miriona toni). hipokina tino mira Steel nga hiahia o te kāwanatanga whakarewa katoa ā o te mākete.

ahumahi matū

Runga te toru i roto i te hanganga o te GDP o Finland. hua matū Ko i āhua te taumata taua i roto i te whenua mo nga tau maha, e tika ana ki te aroaro o te tono rawa kaha, i roto i te mākete ke e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te motu.

Mō 60% o ngā hua matū katoa hokona i roto i te Pākehā Union ko Eastern Europe. a Finland ōhanga i tenei ra te nuinga au tona whanaketanga taua pūata, ahumahi matū, pēnei i:

• "Kemira" - rōpū, motuhake i roto i te hanga o ngā matū, maniua, peita, lacquers, resins, adhesives. Ko tenei Rapa ko te kotahi anake i roto i te kaiwhakanao o huinga oti o matū tiketike-kōeke mō te bleaching pepa penupenu ao. Ko reira ano hoki te rangatira te ao i roto i te hanga o te waikawa formic.
• "Kemira Grow pehea" - rite nga pere matua o te rōpū mahi i whiriwhiri te hanga o maniua, me te kai kararehe.
• "Tikkurila" - te nui rawa i roto i te kaiwhakanao Old World o ahumahi, hanganga me peita whare. I tua atu ki ngā pakihi kei tika i roto i Finland, he ona wheketere i Latvia, Poland, Estonia, te Netherlands, Itari, Ingarangi me Russia te Rōpū.

E te ara, tata 40% o nga kaimahi katoa i roto i te ahumahi whai wāhi i roto i te tukatuka o kirihou. Ko te kaihanga polymer nui e: "Borealis" Polimers Oy "," Rina matū ".

ahumahi kai

ōhanga o Finland, e kōrero poto i roto i tēnei tuhinga, i roto i te tikanga maha tei runga i te ahumahi kai, e, i te ara, he tino tairongo tukua i aukati rautipu i te Russian Federation, whakaurua i August 2014. I roto i ngā, Valio kamupene motuhake i roto i te hanga o ngā hua miraka, kua iri ona raina production, e kua arotahi ki runga i te whakatinanatanga o te mākete Russian.

Ko tētahi o nga hinonga ārahi i roto i te ahumahi kai i roto i Finland ko te kamupene Fazer - te kaiwhakanao tiakarete rongonui. Ko te rōrahi nui o kawhe whakaputaina e Paulig Group.

I roto i te mara o te waipiro production kamupene ko nga kau taki pū Sinebrychoff (whakahaere mai 1819), me te Hartwall.

engineering Electronic me hiko

Tenei peka o te whenua ngā te tuku o te hiko, torotoro waea, taputapu hauora, me te whakaaro i te nui-tech nuinga rängai o te ōhanga o Finland. Ko te hōkai nui o ngā kaihanga he: "ABB", "Nokia", "Ensto Finland Oy" me "Vaisala".

I roto i te 2015, i kawea mai te ahumahi kua ki te pūtea Finnish o 6.6 piriona euros, i te mea 3% iti iho i te ahua i roto i 2014. I te wa ano i roto i hinonga katoa o tenei ao e mahi 40 500 iwi. Ko te hanga rōrahi o taonga hiko, me te hiko, ka i roto i Finland te iti te reira. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te whenua kua te taumata tiketike rawa o ngā utu hanga, a na reira kua kawea mai te nuinga o te kamupene Finnish i roto i etahi o ratou rārangi production waho te kāwanatanga i roto i te tikanga ki te ū te moni, me te whakataetae o te hanga tenei.

te pahi

Production o kaipuke, me te taputapu moana - ko tata te pūtake o taua wāhi rite te ōhanga o Finland. I roto i te poto, whakaaro tenei ahumahi ko te nuinga o ao tiketike-tech o ahumahi. Tohunga whakatau tata te mākete Finnish i roto i te whenua 1% o te katoa hanga o kaipuke, LINERS, waka kōpiko, te huka-kupu taka ao. hoatu Manga 20 mano mahi. I teie mahana, i roto i Finland whitu shipyards hanga, te nui rawa o nei kei te i Turku, ka tohunga ana i roto i te hanga o kaipuke pāhihi ipu.

pūnaha hi'opo'araa

I roto i ngā take o te mana kāwanatanga Finnish i runga i te ture kāwanatanga o te ōhanga. Finland, ei melo tonu o te Pākehā Union, rawa kakato e ü ana ki ture ngā katoa me aronga o te Komihana Pākehā, e, Heoi, e kore e pā tonu reira humarie i runga i te mahi Finnish. Hei tauira, te arata'iraa i runga i te whakaiti i roto i tukunga haurehu waro kua arahina ki ngä tino i roto i te whenua ahumahi tika ki nga utu te whakanui ake o hinonga whakahaere i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ona whakaritenga.

haere tahi Economy i roto i Finland (takoha e, rokohanga, he tino nui me ka taea e ki runga, ki te wha tekau ōrau mō tangata tūmataiti) e te mahi mārama o te ture i runga i te tiaki kiritaki, i kua puta ke, kua i roto i te 2013. I tua atu, mahi tōtika ture antitrust, i tahuri, whakaritea nei, e te maha o mahi ture whakaaro-i roto i.

rangatira logistics

«Posti Finland Economy» (Posti Finland Economy) - te kamupene Finnish nui rawa motuhake i roto i te tukatuka, me te unga o te whānui o taonga me taonga momo. Tenei kamupene mahi i roto i te taha ki te kawe Yanwen. Tīmata i March 25, 2015 «Posti Finland Economy" whakaurua te i roto i te rārangi o ngā huarahi tūtohutia ki te whakaora i runga i tetahi o nga wāhi hokohoko tino rongonui Aliexpress. E taunaki ana te pae te tikanga tuku mō te te tuku kawenga o iti iho i te $ 7. Ki te awhina o «Posti Finland Economy" hokona taonga aroturuki āhua hohoro a ka marama te haere. Ko te operator e te whatunga whānui ramified o ratou ake tūemi, ka e kia mahi kiritaki tata tonu me i te kounga kotahi. I tua atu, i te "pou ōhanga o Finland" tuku ona kiritaki (e rua tūmataiti me te rangatōpū) he maha rawa o ngā ratonga ipurangi, ki te tiki maheni ki taua i roto i te taipitopito ake i runga i te paetukutuku e pā ana o te kamupene.

Banking me inihua

Ka rite ki o Hānuere 1, 2015, kua 291 institution pūtea kua rēhita i roto i Finland. 279 - he tahatika, 11 - moni haumi, e rua o nei e hiko (i roto i te 2014 e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i to ratou ture e taratahi i roto i te ropu kuiti motuhake).

Ko te pēke nui i roto i Finland - OP-Pohjola Group, e kua 450 manga, me te kaimahi 12.3 mano iwi. I roto i te wahi tuarua ko te pēke i huaina Nordea Pankki Finland Plc ki te maha o ngā kaimahi e 7.4 mano iwi.

Ko te wahi matua o te katoa o te āhua o te pūnaha pūtea, he tahatika motuhake, me te arumoni. Ratau, Finland - rangatira ta'e i Northern Europe i te maha o noho ia kotahi kautaha fakapa'anga. He rite ki te 15 mano iwi i runga i te wae pēke tenei ahua.

E tano ia tapao e au kino nui i roto i te rängai ōhanga kua arahina ki te hekenga i roto i te uara o ngā rawa o te rängai pēke katoa. Ko te katoa rōrahi o ngā pūtahi pūtea o Finland ki January 1, 2016 moni ki paku neke atu i te 684 piriona euros, i te mea tata 3% iti iho i te i roto i te 2015. puta tenei hekenga no te mea te heke haere te rōrahi o te tuku moni i te maha kaitono Pākehā.

mutunga

Ki te rā, (e kore ko te wā pai te faaruru ratou ōhanga inaianei) Finland, Russia - te whenua, e whai ana ki te tōtika, me te hohoro tīmata anō ratou hononga ki te papamuri o tonu ratou aukati. Feia faatere o iwi e rua ko te pai mōhio e kore e ora tu tonu a me hohoro te urutau ki te mau tamataraa o to tatou kē he mooni pakeke.