Leshek Baltserovich, ohanga Polish: biography, mahi

Tata e toru tekau nga tau ki muri, i taea ki te tino huri ratou ohanga Poland. Te kore ratou, e kore kua taea ki te waiho i runga i te par ki nga whenua Pākehā te whenua. Na enei tikanga hou e e rua papa. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - Leshek Baltserovich. Tenei ohanga anaana whakaaro noa te mahere ki ngā rerekētanga i roto i te ōhanga. Tuarua - leh Valensa. whakaurua e ia hanganga i roto i te ora i roto i tona peresideniraa. Te kore enei whika tino e rua o Poland, tatou e matau nei noa e kore e te tīariari. muri ratou i roto i te tahi mea e kore e e tupu i roto i nga kaitōrangapū pou-Soviet katoa, he pera vēkeveke ki whakahounga mākete me ngā uara Pākehā. Na Balcerowicz mara o te mahi ko te Ukraine. riro Poland he mema EU, engari ka tauturu i te reira "therapy ru" i roto i tenei wa?

biography

whanau te ohanga Polish heke mai i roto i te pa iti o Lipno, kei nei i waenganui i Wroclaw me Poznan i 1947. whakakitea e ia he kaha pai ki te ako i te tamarikitanga. I roto i te 1970, puta Leshek Baltserovich i te Tari o Foreign Trade i te Warsaw Main Kura o Te whakamahere me Tatauranga ki te honore. I muri tonu ia tona mātauranga ki waho. I roto i te 1974, riro Balcerowicz tohu o te ariki i St. Johns University, kei nei i roto i New York. I muri i taua, ka hoki ia ki a Warsaw. He i roto i 1975 ka awhina ia tona otr täkutatanga. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1980, piri Balcerowicz te "o Siulaí,". I roto i te pato'iraa ngā Communist Party maha pūkenga pro-Western, technocrats o tona whakatupuranga. kihai i Balcerowicz tākaro he wāhi nui i roto i te "o Siulaí,", engari pai ia ki te mahi ki te "Whatunga." Ko te whakamutunga, ko te haumi o kamupene e kua piri i raro i te maru o te rōpū. Heoi te whakaaro o "therapy ru" mo Poland. I takoto te tikanga ki te taui i te mahi i roto i te ōhanga mākete.

mahi wawe

Ka rite ki tuhituhi ia i roto i tona tohinoa, tetahi o te "o Siulaí," kau taki anake Balcerowicz taea mai i te whakaaro o ona hōtaka ake o te hurihanga öhanga i te wa, i te hoatu kai te whenua o runga i te kāri. I roto i te 1989, ka noho iho i te tohutohu ia Communist Party me te pato'iraa i te tepu whiriwhiri. I roto i tenei aparauraa, ko te reforomatio heke mai anake tetahi o nga kaiuru. Heoi, he marama torutoru i muri, Rakovsky me Kominiusi rihaina. Hei kaha te "o Siulaí,". A 42 tau ka Leshek Baltserovich Tuarua Pirimia mo Economy.

i te aroha o

Ko te Economist pou nui tuatahi ko te rūnanga kore-hapori tuatahi, ko tona matenga ko Tadeush Mazovetsky. Ko te rangatira o "Siulaí" leh Valensa haere i roto i pinepine o kaitono mo te pou o Tuarua Pirimia mo Economic. Kua whakarerea maha economists rongonui i taua tūranga. Na whakaae Balcerowicz me kore ngaro.

Poland i roto i te 1980-1990

Ko te wā tino uaua i roto i te ora o te whenua tenei. Kua te pūnaha pūtea kua tino whakangaromia, i reira ko tetahi kaimahi whānui, kua piki haere nui haere utu, a tae noa te supply o hua matua kua takahia i roto i te ōhanga kua. Te kore te hanganga o tikanga mākete kore e taea te haapae atoa. Anake i roto i tenei ara i taea e whakarato stabilization pūtea, me te moni. ka Balcerowicz wā pakeke. No tikanga o whakawhitinga i te hapori ahumahi kihai i te tīariari ki te ōhanga mākete. i nga mea katoa ki te tīmata i te wahanga. I muri Balcerowicz mahue te kāwanatanga, ka hoki ia ki te pūtaiao. whakaako ia i roto i Warsaw, a kua kauhau i roto i ngā whare wānanga Pākehā, me te Amerika, me kua tuhituhia e rave rahi pukapuka e pā ana ki te wheako Polish o whakahounga. Heoi, e kore i nui tona ariā, ko reira tika ki te whakamatautau i te whakapae katoa i roto i te mahi.

Ano, te kāwanatanga

I roto i te 1994, kua piri te Economist ope ki kau taki mua o "Siulaí" ka hanga te tauatāina Union, haere nei te. Neke atu i te wa, ka te rōpū hou te nui rawa i roto i Poland. I roto i te pōtitanga ki te Pāremata i te 1997, riro ia te wahi tuatoru. Na hoki ana Leshek Baltserovich ki te mana. ka mau ano ia i te tūranga o te ohaoha pirimia me te pūtea minita tuarua. I roto i te 2000, Balcerowicz, faaineine i te mimiti haere tata o te whakakotahitanga, rihaina i te kāwanatanga, i tae mai Shevardnadze kaitohutohu, a i roto i te tau 2001 ka peresideni o te National Bank. mahue ia e pou i roto i te 2007. I roto i te taua tau i whakawhiwhia e ia te Brussels whakaaro-tank te taitara o "te reforomatio nui i roto i te Pākehā Union." I roto i te 2008, hei te ohanga kua tetahi o nga mema o e waru o te rōpū tohunga i whakawhanakehia ki te whakakore i te mau hopearaa o te raruraru pūtea ao. I roto i te 2016 whakaritea Balcerowicz i māngai o te peresideni o Ukraine, te Rünanga Käwanatanga o Minita.

Ko te ngako o te whakahou

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1990, ko Poland i te āhua o te raruraru pūnahanaha hohonu. kitea te whenua ari pērā i te whakaiti i roto i te taumata whānui o te ora, hyperinflation me te heke whānui i roto i te hanga. Ko te rautaki putanga i te raruraru tā te nekehanga ki ngā tikanga mākete, huringa i roto i te hanganga mana, de-monopolization o te ōhanga, whakahounga i roto i ao katoa. ngā mahere Balcerowicz:

• He kaupapa here moni fakangatangata kikī. Ko tā te reira i te whakaiti i te tukunga o te moni, me te hua i roto i ngä päpätanga huamoni.
• Ko te whakakorenga o te tarepa pūtea. Kua nuinga hua tāke whakakorea, me te moni mo te kai, pūngao, rauemi mata, me te pera i runga i. D.
• kāwanatanga Price. I raro i te mana kāwanatanga i pūngao, ngā rongoā, reti, me te waka anake tariffs.
• Te haamauraa i zloty convertibility wāhanga.
• Inäianei kaupapa here moni fakangatangata. ngā te reira i te whakakāhoretanga o tonu indexation o utu , me te whakatūnga o te tiketike auau tāke ahu whakamua.

hua

I roto i te 1990, ka timata te kāwanatanga ki te whakatinana i te "therapy ru". Moni mo te ahuwhenua kua whakakorea. whakahaere te kāwanatanga ki te whakakaha i te zloty. Heoi, whakatika hinonga tarepa moni, kua meinga pareparenga loans unaffordable. Na reira, ka anga te ōhanga ahumahi. Ko te taupori hohoro timata ki Pita ki waho. Na kua nui haere kore mahi tino. Ko te kupu, ko te "therapy ru", ahakoa te pūtea taurite, me kua awhinatia ki te hinga i te hyperinflation, engari kua riro te take i roto i te raruraru keri. Na ko reira faaoti ki fakamolū reira. I runga i te hanganga tuatahi o te ōhanga, fakatefito i whakaturia i te hokotanga i. Kua i roto i 1992 kawea reira ona hua tuatahi.

Balcerowicz ko Ukraine

i taea e ki te hinga i te faufaa ai'a o te whakamahere me te whakahaere o te ōhanga me te tomo noa ki roto ki te Pākehā Union Poland. Heoi, ka āwhina i tenei wheako ki te Ukraine? kua angitu whakarerekētanga ohaoha i roto i Poland, e tamata nei ratou ki te urutau ki mau hou. "Therapy Ru" i roto i Ukraine timata noa kāwanatanga Yatsenyuk. E ai ki a Balcerowicz, i āwhina i te reira te karo i te ara atu uaua wā. whakapono ia e ki te mea tuatahi e hiahia ana koe whakarongo ki te whanaketanga o te rāngai tūmataiti. te tikanga o tēnei i te hiahia mō te Nō te nui-tauine. Nui me te whawhai ki te pirau. Me whiwhi mana e hāngai ana i te kaha tonu. I roto i te taahiraa i muri opua nei Balcerowicz ki te pupuri hryvnia stabilization me whakaiti o te tarepa pūtea. Ukraine ārai te hononga tata o te mana me te oligarchs. A mo tenei e hiahia ana matou i pai ai tōrangapū. Ko tētahi atu whakahou rōpū he hokotanga. Hei kukume haumi ke whakahounga hiahiatia me kore ratou aritanga. Ko reira kia taea ki te kukume moni Poland. Na reira, Ka taea e Ukraine anake te mahi i runga i to ratou ōhanga motu, me te whakaatu hua tūturu. E kore e taea e koe te whakatika i tona pakanga kore me ngā wā pakeke. Me Pūtea hua, e kore fakapapau o ratou tupu i roto i te heke mai. Kia e ratou, ka riro Ukraine nui-hiahiatia tona whiwhinga o haumi ke.