Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich: biography, te utuafare

Ingoa o te rohi pehe rongonui Soviet me Russian, me te pakeke; Bulat Okudzhava waia, ki te kahore te katoa, ka tino. Heoi, e kore e nui te mohiotia hoki te kōrero fakamamahi o te ora o tona matua. Na Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich i kotahi wa ko tetahi o nga ngā o te Georgian Young Communist League, a takaro he wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga ahumahi o te kaha Urals.

tupuna

ka karanga ruau Shalva Okudzhava taha o Paora Peremushev whaea. oho ia ki Georgia i te waenganui o te rau tau 19. Kei te mohiotia te reira e e te wa kua mahi te AP Peremushev 25 tau i roto i taritari, me muri riro te mahi wahi i roto i Kutaisi. He ngā whakaaro e pā ana ki tona takenga. E ai ki te noa tino, ko reira rānei Russian Mordvinian ranei. E hehema ki whakaaro ia he Hurai i te cantonments ētahi kairangahau. I roto i te Kutaisi P. Peremushev timata ia te mahi kia rite ki te kaka, me te hohoro faaipoipo ki a Georgia Haromi Medzmariashvili. i ia toru nga tamahine, nga matamua o nei - Elizabeth - ka te wahine o te karaka Stepan Okudzhava. I roto i tenei faaipoiporaa whanau i waru tamariki.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

whanau Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich i roto i August 1901. A, ia ia 10 tau, i whakaaetia e ia ki te ako i te Gentry Gymnasium o Kutaisi. I te tau o te 16 tau i piri Shalva nga tahae, e whai ake nei i te tauira o teina pakeke Nicholas ko Mikaera, te hunga i whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i ngā mahi anti-kāwanatanga i roto i nga ra o te revolution tanguru.

mahi rōpū

I roto i te 1918 honoa Shalva Okudjava te RCP (B), me te mo o te rōpū whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere Komsomol i Georgia. Mai i taua wa ki 1921, ka whakapumautia te mana Soviet i roto i te whenua, ko ia i roto i te huna me te taukei te pūtaiao o te aroraa tōrangapū. I muri whakaritea Shalva Okudzhava i tiamana o te Komiti Porowini Kutaisi o Komsomol, a i roto i 1921 i whakatairangatia ana e ia ki te meinga te upoko o te tari whakahaere o te Komiti Central o Komsomol o Georgia.

I roto i Moscow

I te tau 1921 i pōtitia Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich he māngai ki te Congress o te Comintern me te haerenga tuatahi ki Moscow. I roto i tetahi o nga wā o te kohikohinga i hanga e te Vladimir Lenin he pūrongo e pā ana ki te kaupapa here öhanga hou. hanga e ia he ongo hohonu i runga i te hapori taitamariki, te kipakipa i te hiahia ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te ōhanga o te kuao āhua Soviet. Ki tenei mutunga, noho Shalva Okudzhava i te pane, a tomo te Faculty o Economics o te tuatahi University State. I ako i roto i te pane, tutaki ia ki a Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandian, e haere mai ana i te whanaunga o te rohi pehe pai-mohiotia Vahan Teryan. hinga te iwi taitamariki i roto i te aroha, me te hohoro marenatia. I roto i te Mei o 1924 i ahau he tama - Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava.

I roto i te Tbilisi

I muri noa iho i te whanautanga o tana tama Shalva Okudzhava i wawe karangatia ki Tbilisi rite whakahaere Hōriana rōpū kei roto i te hiahia o ngā kaimahi mātauranga. I roto i te Hakihea 1924, i whakaritea e ia upoko o te tari o te rōpū, me te whakatö-o te Komiti Party Tiflis City, ko he Komihana i te whakahau kura hōia Hōriana i muri i te 2 nga tau. Na, i roto i te 1929, i tonoa Shalva Stepanovich ki ako i roto i te pane, te wahi puta ia i te Institute o Marxism-Leninism. Ki runga ki hoki mai ki tona whenua i te tau o te 30 tau, i whakaritea te hapori taitamariki i hēkeretari o te Komiti Party City, a ka pōtitia he mema o te Komiti Central o Georgia.

Whanaungatanga ki Peria

Ahakoa te meka e waho i roto i te ora Shalva Okudjava i reira, nui atu i te pai, i roto i te meka, i runga i tona matenga i kohikohi i nga kapua. Ki te i te timatanga o tona mahi, ko ia i raro i te maru o te Sergo Ordzhonikidze, ka muri ka Georgia Commissar Peria, taui rahi roa te āhuatanga. Tika ana, e mau ia vai Okudjava toutou korerotia i roto i koi ki tona kaupapa kaimahi. I reira hoki hau e kore e ko Lavrenty Pavlovich tau'a ki Ashkhen, i whakaaro tetahi o nga wahine tino ataahua i roto i te whakapaipai Hōriana o taua wa. I te mutunga o Okudzhava kitenga ahau e he reira pai ki te waiho Tiflis, a haere ki tona whānau ki Moscow. I reira i whakaekea e ia te tūranga i roto i Nizhny Tagil, koa whakaaetia nei e ia.

nga Urals

Ko te initiator o te whakarite Okudzhavy te pou o Hekeretari o te Pāti Uralvagonstroya Komiti i roto i Nizhny Tagil ka Sergo Ordzhonikidze, nui hounga'ia tona ngaio, me te pakihi koinga. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1934, ka Ordzhonikidze hei māngai ki te 17 Rōpū Congress, me te tau i muri mai i ia he pou hou - hēkeretari 1 o Nizhny Tagil komiti pa o te (b) CPSU. Ngā mihi ki tona mahi pai ake te mahi tikanga e toutou tuhia Ordzhonikidze, maha ka haere ki te tirotiro i te hanganga o Uralvagonzavod.

hopu

February 18, 1937 huakina e nga kaimahi o te NKVD Tagil te fare i reira noho ia Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. E te tāpiritanga ke, i runga i roto i Moscow i tenei ra, i koperea e tona hoa me te kaiwhakaruruhau o Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

Kua matau roa Okudzhava te tūturu o tona puke. I aua ra, ka taea e tukua atu tetahi ki te puni, kahore tetahi take, a ko Okudzhava rekereke te Achilles '- teina counterrevolutionaries e muri i te karanga o te mana Soviet i Georgia, piri te pato'iraa maui-parirau. Ahakoa ratou i kotahi haere atu hono, i roto i te 1936 anō-hopukina ratou, ka whakatupato ki Trotskyism.

hoatu hopukina whakato Kaiwhakahaere Uralvagonstroy L. Maryasin "taunakitanga", rite ki Okudjava tamata nei ia ki te kōhuru Sergo Ordzhonikidze i roto i tona haerenga ki a Nizhny Tagil. Tenei kupu teka i roto i te tau 1937 i tino nui, te pātai o te whakaoranga taea e roa, rawa hoki i reira he whānau e i tabulahia i roto i te hoariri whaiaro o Lavrenty Peria.

puta Shalva Okudzhava i te rārangi o te tangata nei i raro ki "te tāmitanga o te kāwai tuatahi." I te hāngai rōpū o te wa te tikanga o tenei kupu e e kia koperea te herehere. Ko te tuhinga i runga i tenei i tuhia i April 1, 1937, a ki raro ia ia nga waitohu o Stalin, Molotov me Kaganovich. I mahi i te rerenga kōrero i runga i te 4 o Ākuhata 1937.

Ko te aitua o whanaunga

I muri i te puke o te matenga o te hapu o tona wahine, ko wai i taua wa mahi rite te papa'i parau o te Komiti Party District i Nizhny Tagil, oho nga tama (Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava ko Victor, whanau i roto i te 1934), me te whaea paari ki Moscow, a noho ana i roto i te fare hapori i runga i te Arbat. I reira ua haapii mai ratou e, ko ano hoki te pere te matua keke o te heke mai o te pakeke; rongonui. kihai i mutu i reira kino Family, a i roto i 1938 hopukina whaea o Okudzhava i roto i Moscow, a ka tonoa ai ki a Karlag. ka hoki ia ki te whakapaipai anake i roto i te 1947.

i te whakapanga Trotskyism me te tuahine Shalva - Olga Okudzhava. Ko te wahine taitama nga wahine o te Poet rongonui Georgian Galaktion Tabidze. I te wa o tona puke, ko ia tino mate, engari e kore kua reira tatatia te NKVD ki tonoa ia ki te whakarau. e haereere ana Olga i tetahi whare herehere noa i ia i roto i Orel. Mahuru 11, 1941 te wahine, me te neke atu i te 150 herehere, koperea te NKVD i ngahere o Medvedev, i te mea he torutoru kiromita ki te raki o te pa.

I muri i te matenga o Iosifa Stalina wahine Shalva Okudzhava ka tikanga katoa ki te whakatutuki i te whakanohonoho o tana tane. Tenei whakahaere ia te utu anake o te kaha rahi i roto i te tau 1956. I roto i tenei take, ui i te mau melo o mua o te komiti pa o te Nizhny Tagil me noho o te pa, whakapumautia te harakore o tana tane.

Na e matau ana koutou ko wai a ia, me te pehea ia ka mate a Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. ano ka he patunga o - te wahine o te hapori whakaaro - Ashkhen Nalbandian tāmitanga o Stalin, me o ratou tama, Bulat te toenga o tona ora ite mamae aronganui, mahara te whakarau fakamamahi o ratou matua.