Zasulich Vera Ivanovna: biography, ngana Trepov

Ko Zasulich Vera Ivanovna he ahua hītori rawa tautohetia. Ko te hunga e kore e tino hiahia i roto i te kōrero o te haurongo o te wahine e he pea ki te mahara i te reira i roto i te ahua o te wahine pūrotu, e koperea katoanga mōhiohio Trepov. Ahakoa te pakeke o te hara, me te meka i i te tikanga ia ki te mahia e te hara tino whakamataku - ki te whakamatea te tangata, te tekau tino tika ai i runga i te marae. kua mana Local kua kaha whakahē ki tenei whakatau, a ka puta te ra i muri i te tikanga ki te anō-puke Zasulich. Otiia tae noa tangohia te whakatau taua i, whakahaere Vera ki te waiho i te whenua, me te karo herehere.

rongo te ao

Nā ki te meka e kotahi hapu i te tamataraa o Vera Zasulich te whakautu ao, pāhono ingoa maha iwi ia ki te whakawa, me te meka i tuhituhi e ia te tikanga o te ture e kore e ao. I roto i te mahi kāinga i runga i te hītori e whakahuatia reira rite te kaituhi, liliu o mahi o Marx ko Engels, rite pai rite nga mahi o te ahua tūmatanui Russian.

I roto i te maha ngā puna, kua tuku ai ki rite te kaiwhakahaere o te whakahaere rawa tuatahi Marxist i huaina "Emancipation o Reipa". Otiia i te wa ano, etahi o te hunga e atu āta e ako te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te Tuí, huaina ana e ia he kuware kaipahua, bespredelschitsey, kaiwhakatuma me te anarchist.

Zasulich Vera Ivanovna: haurongo, tamarikitanga, me te whānau

Hōngongoi 27, 1849 i roto i te kainga Russian iti o Mikhailovka, e fakasiokālafi no ki te kawanatanga Smolensk, i whanau i te kotiro Tuí. kihai i taea e tona hapu whakamanamana o moni motuhake, no te mea whakaaro nga matua i rangatira rawakore. I tua atu ki te Tuí tokorua atu tamahine a ratou. Matua - Ivan Zasulich ko te āpiha faatuhaahia. mate ia i roto i 1852, ka tau toru anake tau ko te Faaroo. Kāore i taea ki te whangai e toru tamariki te whaea, me te, reira, ua faaoti tetahi o nga tamahine ki te unga ki te whanaunga taonga. hinga te kōwhiringa i runga i te Faaroo, a haere ana ia ki te kainga Byakolovo wahi noho tona whaea keke. He kua haere tona tamarikitanga katoa, a ko reira whakaarahia tino whanaunga te kotiro.

Rangatahi me te mātauranga

I te tau o rima Zasulich Vera Ivanovna i tonoa e ia ki te whare nohoanga tūmataiti i roto i Moscow. I reira ua haapii ia reo ke, me te he rite ki te mahi rite te kaitiaki tamariki. Tika pai taukei katoa whakaako i roto i te whare te tau o te pūtaiao, i te tau 1867 riro te tītohu Vera kaiako kāinga, a ki haere te reira ki te wikitoria Petersburg. Meapango, hoki te kotiro taitamariki ki kahore wheako me tūtohutanga kihai i kitea e mahi i roto i to ratou mara. Mai i te moni mo te ora tonu i ki imi i te moni, ka ia ki te kaiwhakawā. I muri te taviniraa tona papa'i parau no te e pā ana ki te tau, mahue Vera te mahi, a faaoti ki hoki ki te whakapaipai. He e kitea e ia he perepletchitsey mahi, me te whiwhi whai wāhi noa ki te momo o pukapuka, pānui me te tonu rave i roto i te whaiaro whakapai-. Ko reira i tenei wa riro mōhio o te hiahia kaha mo te revolution Zassulich, me te hiahia ki te kia kaha.

Whai wāhi i roto i te nekehanga hou me te taunga mate ki Nechayev

Ka noho i roto i te St. Petersburg, tika te tau, whakahaere Zasulich Vera Ivanovna ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te mahi o te maha porowhita hou. I te mutunga o 1862, te toro tetahi o ratou, kua tutaki ki ia ki te Nechaev orurehau kati. Purepure Tuí a te āhua hanga atu i roto i tona matenui ia orurehau, me te nui pea, tamata ia roa nui ki te kukume ia ki tona whakahaere i huaina "kohuru o tangata".

paopao Zasulich taua mau mana'o tauturu, no te mea whakaaro ahau whakaaro katoa Nechaeva rahi, me te fantastic. I te wa ano, toe whakaaro pāhoro priverzhenka, mahue ia ia tona wāhitau kāinga. I muri whakamahia Nechayev reira ki te tuku me te whiwhi īmēra illegals. Ko tētahi o enei reta, ahakoa te meka e kore i ara i kite tona whakapono, a ko te take o tona puke tuatahi.

Hopukia me whare herehere

I roto i te tuku, i te pukapuka ki tetahi o nga illegals i hopukina tuatahi Zasulich Vera Ivanovna. Tata te tau, i herea ai a ia i roto i te pa.

Tata 2 tau wahine free, engari anō-hopukina tika tonu hoki tufaki tuhinga ture, a rite tonoa ki whakaraua te whiu. Kei te te taviniraa whakapono ia tuatahi i roto i te kawanatanga Novgorod, ka i roto i Tver.

Life muri nga hononga Zasulich

I roto i te 1875, puta ia i roto i Kharkov. te wa katoa ko ia i raro i tirotiro pirihimana tata. I roto i te tikanga ki te hopoia whakarite ratou ora i mua nei, whakatau Vera ki whakauru i roto i ngā akoranga o kaiwhakawhanau, engari ano hoki ki nga mahi hou kei te tino mea te reira poroporoaki kore haere i roto i tetahi take ki.

I te tau 1872 ka noho ia hei te mema o te "tutu Southern", kei nei i roto i Kiev, engari i reira i ona tari puta noa Ukraine. Te riroraa i roto i ona rarangi, ka mau a Tuí he wahi kaha i roto i te whakahaere o whakakeke kaiahuwhenua. I muri i te raupapa o fifi Zassulich hoki ki St Petersburg, a ka anga te mahi i roto i tetahi o nga whare tā raro, i no ki te whakahaere o "Whenua me Freedom". haere mai Tuí ki ona rarangi, me muri i te nui poto o te wā, i roto i te marama o Hānuere 1878, i hanga e ia tona whawhai rongonui i runga i Trepov.

mēa Mihitimina, enraging Zassulich

Kia tata te Kazan Cathedral whakaritea he rōpū o ngā ākonga i te whakaaturanga. Hoki te whai wāhitanga i roto i te reira i roto i Hakihea 1876 i hopukina ia, ka whiua ki te ākonga mahi pakeke Bogolyubov. I taua wa, i tino rāhuitia whiu kāpara me whakamamae o herehere i runga i te papa whenua tōrangapū. Otiia i te tikanga o te tavana i tino whiua Trepov Bogolyubov ki rakau. Ki te rā, kua mohiotia kua te mōhiohio e 2 nga tau i muri i te raruraru, ka mate te ākonga i roto i te fare ma'i. I roto i tenei take, ko te mea o te whiu whakawhiti i mua Bogolyubov i roto i te āhua o te wairangi pouri.

Ko te take i hoatu e te tavana te tikanga ki te whiua te tangata ki te rakau, i e kore i tangohia atu Bogolyubov tona pōtae ia, a reira i mua whakakitea ratou akangateitei ki ana a te kingi. Tenei whakatau meinga Trepov te kōwarotanga i roto i te iwi mau a, o te akoranga, he tokomaha pouri. kihai i taea e tatou waiho tenei meka kahore whakarongo me tahae.

ngana ki te whakamate

Ko tētahi o te hunga e riri arbitrariness o te tavana, ko Vera Zasulich.
Ko te ngana i runga i te ora o Trepov, i hapu ia, whakaritea ka kawea i roto i, ka haere ki raro, i te reira i roto i te hītori me te kawea tona rongo maere. tino i muri mai i tona mahi e tohu rite te mahi kaiwhakatuma, me te whakapono ka karanga iho te kotiro, e kua takahia ake tona wehi orurehau mahi puta noa i Russia.

A, no te whakamahere i te mahi o te utu, hainatia ake Zasulich mo te whakarite whaiaro ki te kawana. I te ata o Hānuere 24, ka haere 1878 ia ki tona tari, a hanga he pere e tino werohia Trepov. I hopukina Vera i runga i te wahi.

Te mau melo o te marae, kua tomo ki te hītori o te ture

Peterburg tiamana o te Kooti District i tenei wāhi ko A. F. taru. tohe te upoko o te tari te kaiwhiu o Hato Petersburg e te take Zasulich faatiti'aifarohia e tekau, no te mea ko to ratou hiahia matua ki te whakaiti i te āhuatanga tōrangapū o te take. I te wa ano i whakapono te iwi noa Trepov kino utu whakapati-kaikohuru, me tae noa ki whakahau ki whiu tokotoko Bogolyubov hoatu ratou, kihai i tona ingoa i roto i te hapori i te pai. I muri i te raruraru ki te whakaaro whiu a te ākonga e pā ana ki reira, o te akoranga, e kore kua pai ake. Na te whakatau e ka totohe te whakawa o te tekau, kua kairau a ki te ringa Zasulich.

I te tīmatanga e kore i āwhina ia i te rōia, engari i muri i te pānui i tona whārangi kaiwhiu pukapuka whakaingoatia, te kitenga o te faaroo e kore e taea e ia fekuki. homai tona awhina i roto i te tiaki i whakaekea reira maha (rite tetahi rōia hiahia ki te whiti i roto i te taua take nui-kōtaha), engari ratou manakohanga te Petru Aleksandrovu.

Ko ia te tama a te tohunga, a mahi mua rite te rōia hāmene ki te ruma marae. I roto i te kōrero ki tana hoa toutou fakapapau'i Alexander e e meatia e ia nga mea katoa e taea e ia i roto i te tikanga ki te riro i te take Zasulich. A ia tino whakatikaia nga tūmanako o te Faaroo. Ngā mihi ki tona korero ngingila, i kitea e kore ia e he i te tekau.

Life muri te wetenga

Mai i taea ki te ārai i te horapa o whakaaro i roto i te iwi e taea kopere rangatira nui-rangatira, a ka ki te kia whakatikaia mana rohe, i karanga rawa i muri i te ra o te whakatau o te marae, me te tukuna he tikanga herehere hou i te taha o te Faaroo. Kei te riro te reira ki te waiho i te putanga taea o te hui, a tata tonu i muri i tona tukunga ki te awhina o hoa rere Zassulich ki Switzerland. hoki te kāinga ia anake i roto i te 1879, me te tonu tahi ki Plekhanov timata ki te tango i te wahi kaha i roto i te hanga o te whakahaere "tohatoha anō Black".

tamata Vera ki whakaaro te pera-ka karanga tikanga o "whakawetiweti takitahi", engari haunga e rawa hohoro whakama i roto i tona whai huatanga, na runga ano i te reira anga ano te tino riri o te puke tuarua. I reira ka i roto i tona ora, me te take tuarua o te hekenga takoha - Zassulich hohoro mahue mo Paris.

mahi orurehau

I roto i France, Vera Ivanovna kohi moni mō herehere tōrangapū Russian. Ona whakaaro i runga i te wehi ke radically, a riro te reira priverzhenka Marxism orurehau. whakawhiti i te reira i ki Russian te mahi o Marx ko Engels, whakaputa ana tuhinga i roto i maha Pākehā manahune makasini. Next, oho ia ki Rānana, i reira arata'i ia he kaha ngā mahi kairīpoata, rave i roto i te mahi pūtaiao. I roto i Geneva, i te tau 1883, ka Vera he wāhi mātātoa i roto i te hanga o te "Emancipation o Reipa", i mahi ki te awhina o ratere Russian. Ko anake i roto i te 1899 i raro i te ingoa teka taea te haere ia hoki ki St Petersburg. ko ia fakafo'ituitui maheni ki Lenin, ko tetahi wahi o te Poari Ētita o te hautaka "Zorya" me te niupepa "Iskra".

mate Zasulich

Ahakoa taua kaha ki te mutunga o tona ora ua Vera Zasulich te oto. Te hanga i runga i tona wheako whakamīharo, Kei te kaha paopao reira, ka ātete momo katoa o te whakawetiweti rite te aroraa orurehau.

ngā tanguru i te 1917 ka mau ia rite te revolution bourgeois-manapori, engari e kore e te o te iwi. kawea mai te nuku Revolution kua ia kia rite ki tetahi anake oto. tuhituhi Zasulich e whakapumautia mana Soviet ko anake he ahua whakaata o te tetahi o mua, te tikanga tsarist.

mate Vera Ivanovna May 8, 1919. i tanumia ia i roto i te urupā Volkov i muri ki te urupa o Plekhanov.