Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, toi Russian: biography, mahi

I roto i te ao e taea kitea e koe he maha ngā pae e kore anake e e te haruraa i ki ratou hanahana, rārangi oro, engari ano te āwhina ki te ahu i te whanaketanga o te toi o whakairo i roto i nga tau. Ko te aha ta tatou e matau e pā ana ki te iwi e hanga enei urupa, i hoatu te wahi o tona wairua i roto i te mea tino?

I roto i tenei tuhinga haamana'o tatou i te toi Russian pai-mohiotia. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - ko wai te mea ia, he aha te ahua o te koha i hanga ki te ao toi, a he aha te mahi ka rongonui?

biography

AM whanau Opekushin Whiringa 28, 1838 (rite ki ētahi atu puna i roto i te 1833) i roto i te kainga iti Svechkino Täingäwai (Yaroslavl Porowini). haere mai ia i te whānau kaiahuwhenua. Ko tona papa he serf o te rangatira whare Ekateriny Olhinoy, modelers mohio whakaako-whaiaro.

Mai tamarikitanga whakakitea Opekushin taranata toi, me te reka, haere mai ki ngā raruraru kaiahuwhenua ohie auaha. Ia pai te tuite i te kura kainga. ko reira ki runga ki taranata o te tamaiti, ko te pakeke e kore ki te whakarongo, na ko maha te papa i runga i ohipa kotiro i roto i te St. Petersburg, faaoti ahau ki tonoa te tamaiti ki te ako. Ka whiwhi te whakaae o E. Olkhin, haere taitama Opekushin i te tau o te 12 ki te whakauru i roto i te kura o Drawing o te Imperial Society mo te faaitoitoraa o Artists.

hanganga

Mātauranga i roto i St Petersburg i ngāwari. Na hei utu o nga tau e toru pau ia e rua noa. AM Opekushin whakaaturia ngā pūmanawa nohinohi i roto i o ratou akoranga, a riro nga ngakau o toi pai-mohiotia me ahorangi. Ko tētahi o ratou ko toi Danish Rawiri Jensen. I muri i te mutunga o te kura Drawing, karangatia ia ki tona studio Opekushin rite modelers volnoprihodyaschego.

mātauranga anō, me te mahi mo te toi taitama i taea, mai te tuhinga ko ia tonu te serf. Hei whakaoti i te raruraru e hiahiatia ana Opekushin te moni mo te utu - 500 moni. Ki tenei mutunga, mahi ia pakeke, whakaoti atu whakahau, me te fariiraa i te utu.

ahotea kaha aronganui, ako ra, fakamasiva moe tonu, me te undernourishment tino ngoikore Opekushin tinana, a ka hinga ia te mate. Anake hoa te atawhai o te wänanga, me te kuao tau i āwhina ki te hinga i te mate. A i roto i te tau 1859, i hainatia ai Opekushin tāwhai. Na ko noa ia, a taea tonu te ara auaha, pehea me te wahi e hiahia ai ia.

mater alma New ko te Imperial Academy o Toi. I roto i te whakarara, tonu te modeller taitamariki ki te haere i te awheawhe Jensen me pakeke taitara riro o tetahi o te pai hanga pakoko Russian.

whānau

I roto i te 1861, ka moea e Alexander. Kia aroha mai, e kore e nga puna homai mōhiohio tika e pā ana ki tana wahine me te tamariki. Kei te mohiotia anake te reira e ua Opekushin he utuafare rahi, e rave rahi tamahine. Ua tauturu te pupuri ia te moni auau i te hanganga o te whakairo whakapaipai.

ko Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich te tangata hohonu karakia me te monarchist pūmau. Tona mahi te tino i titiro i roto i te whānau o te emepaea. I roto i te wā uaua i roto i te utuafare Russian ko te toi Russian rongonui tono mea me te fiekaia. I utu tūmatanui, oho ia i orurehau St. Petersburg (ka mua) i roto i tona kawanatanga taketake Opekushin. I muri ka home Rybnitsa i whakamahi free. ko Alexander i tona koroheketanga me te kore mahi i roto i te tino mahi. Heoi, Ohunga o nga People Commissariat i mo tona kai Academic utuafare.

I te tau 1923 mau Opekushin kakā me mate. I tanumia ia i roto i te kainga Rybnitsa taua, i muri ki te Ekalesia o te Kaiwhakaora, i iriiria. Hawhe te rau tau i muri mai, ka puta urupa o te toi tohu tano. A i roto i te 2012, he admirer unknown Opekushin tohaina moni mo te ofa'i tohu ki te tuhituhinga: "te toi nui o nga uri mauruuru".

mahi wawe

Mahi Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich hei toi me te modeler tīmata wawe. Na roto i te tau o 17, i hanga e ia he ingoa o te ariki pūmanawa. Heoi, ko te mata koki i roto i o tona te whakarau ka 1862. Bas-manawa "anahera, kauwhau ki nga hepara Kirihimete" ko he ahua o tīmata wāhi mo te toi nui mo te toi taitamariki.

I maoro i ite ia e te artist rongonui Mikhail Mikeshin ka whakaekea ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te hanga o te pou i roto i te Novgorod "Mileniuma o Russia" - he kaupapa nui-tauine i te wa. O te akoranga, te mahi tahi ki Mikeshin i te pānga nui i runga i Opekushin. Heoi, i te wa ano paunatia reira toi. Kāhua o te toi taitamariki i hanga e te nuinga i raro i te mana me te auaha o Russian nōna ki toi Mark Antokolsky, i roto i ngā, ona whakapakoko Ivana Groznogo ko Pita I.

mahi

I roto i te mahi katoa i hanga Opekushin maha ngā masterpieces tatini. Hoki etahi o ratou i whiwhi toi Russian tohu me taitara. Ko, kāore, nui o nga urupa i unuhia iho i roto i te wā hou. Taua, mo te tauira, kua meinga hei tohu ki Alexander II. I whakatuwheratia te reira i roto i 1898. tu te tohu parahi i te tonga o te taiepa Kremlin.

kawea rongo hōrapa mahi Opekushin faaite i te Exhibition Ao i roto i Paris. ngā whaia ēnei rihi e tohu ana scenes hītori, i hanga i runga i te tauira rangatira.

E kore e taea ki te whakakahore i te takoha nui i hanga ki te whanaketanga o Russian, me te ao whakairo Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Ana whakairo i ohie, iti-matua, engari i te wa ano hohonu kāhua whaiaro o te mahi. Ko te rārangi o mahi ngā urupa o te punake rongonui AS Pushkin ko MY Lermontov, taiao Karl von Baer ko Admiral Greig, he māhunga o Countess Shuvalov me Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

I muri mai, Heoi, kite fakaangá o te auahatanga toi te rite iti angitu, me te ngangahau. Hei tauira, he tohu ki te emepera Alexander III kihai i tino tino mauruuru e hono to'utangatá.

Statue o Pita ahau

fiefia Opekushin mahi ki nga whakairo whakaahua o rongonui tau hītori. I oti rawa tona mahi ki a Pita I. Ngā angitu te whakapakoko whakaatu te kingi e noho ana i runga i te nohoanga i roto i tona kākahu me tiaa.

Toi te maere rahi te whakahaere ki te hopu i te impulsiveness me te nekeneke o te huru ki Petr Veliky. Heoi, kua rite kua mea, ehara i te mea te faahiahia rongonui anake, i hanga e te ruānuku.

Ko te pou ki Pushkin

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tino nui e kua hanga Opekushin - Pushkin pou. Hoki ka timata tona hanganga o te toi i roto i 1872, ka maka te tahi atu kaupapa katoa. e toru nga tau roa ka mau te reira ki te whakawhanake i te huahua o te pou. Ki tenei mutunga, i ki te ako atu atu i te whakaahua tatini o te rohi pehe, me tona mahi i te rangatira. I muri Opekushin kaitono whakaaetia i te tau 1875, ka timata ia ki te tuhi i te whakatinanatanga. ka mau nga kaiāwhina toi kaihoahoa I. Bogomolov.

e rima anake nga tau i muri mai, i oti te mahi katoa. Na Hune 6, 1880 i runga i Tverskoy Boulevard i Moscow i whakatuwheratia mana tohu ki te rohi pehe Russian nui AS Pushkin. E maranga ana hanahana te tohu parahi i runga i te turanga, ka meinga tonu oaoa whānui i roto i te pa.

Na te rohi pehe Russian i roto i te hoahoa parahi feruri tu i tenei ra i runga i tetahi o nga huarahi matua o te whakapaipai i roto i te koti huatau, i runga i nei te kakahu whānui-kopaki. I roto i tona tūranga ite noho pai o te ngakau. honga iti o te matenga, me kanohi faaite te faaururaa o Pushkin me nui rangatira.

whakaaro Sam Opekushin Pushkin tohu te tetahi o te mahi tino nui, me te hao, ko te whakatinanatanga o nei kua haumi reira e kore anake ratou wa me te kaha, engari ano hoki i te wahi o tona wairua, te aroha o te toi whiti.

pou Lermontov

I roto i te 1889, ngā ia ki te hanga o tetahi rohi pehe Russian rongonui, a ka whakatūria he pou ki Lermontov i Pyatigorsk. Kei te wahi horo tona hanganga, me te puna mutunga o te faaururaa, me whakaaro o te rohi pehe - te Caucasus.

Titiro i te rahi Lermontov, pohehe hopu koe whakaaro e te rohi pehe i muri i te tahi mau hīkoi, ka noho ki raro, ki runga ki te kamaka, tona matenga, i miharo hoki nga potae hukarere-ma o nga maunga. faaite ona kanohi whakaaro hohonu, me te faaururaa. whakaaro etahi whakairo pā e whakaaturia rawa pouri me te kino te tohu o te rohi pehe Lermontov, me ngā āhuatanga koi. I taua wa, ka rite ki nga whakaahua o tona korero atu e pā ana ki te ngohengohe. Heoi, ko reira te hanga o te kaitoi i roto i te tikanga takitahi, me te tirohanga, me te mahue whakapaipai o te pa.

Monument o Muraviev-Amur

Te rahi nui rawa i roto i te hanga o mua-orurehau Russia me i te mahi Opekushin (16 mita teitei) kua meinga hei tohu ki te Count Muraviev-Amur - te kawana o Eastern Siberia. I muri i tona matenga i roto i te 1881, ua faaoti Emperor Alexander III ki fakamanatu āwhiwhiwhi. Na reira, i roto i te 1886, ua faaite e ia he whakataetae mo kaiwhakairo. I roto ia ratou i hoki he "tokotoru koura" Mikeshin, Antokolsky ko Opekushin.

Project Alexander o mohio rite te pai. Tohuwāhi ka mau te pou wahi i roto i 1888, me e toru nga tau i muri mai i whakatuwheratia mana te reira i roto i Khabarovsk me tāuta i te kamaka Khabarovsk. tu tatau Figure i runga i te pupiti, whakahaua ana kanohi i ki China. whakapaipai te turanga i te whakatū papa whakamaharatanga e rima ki nga ingoa o rangatira me civilians e whai wāhi i roto i te rironga ki te rohe Amur o Russia. Heoi, i roto i te tau 1925, i roto i te hononga ki te "ta i runga i nga urupa," i tangohia te pou ki raro, a ka whakanohoia i roto i te whare taonga, a muri ki te tapahia hoki e mau.

whakairo whakapaipai

He wahi motuhake i roto i te mahi o te whakairo whakapaipai Opekushin nohoia. Ko ia nei ko te ahanoa o tona aro tamau, whakapai ake me te puna nui o moni. Ko reira e mōhiotia whakawhetai ki a ia Alexander i te kuao tau i rite te modelers pūmanawa.

I muri i te mahi mohio o pati-reliefs me whitu nga tau rongonui mo te pou ki Catherine II i St Petersburg i whakaakona ki te puta Opekushin Royal Doors mo te iconostasis i te Cathedral o te raa. Na tāia ki ia ki reira masterfully.

huarahi kiko ki te whakaata mohio o pükenga kitea i roto i busts portrait, i hanga nei e te toi. I roto i te tahi atu mahi manatā o whakairo toi whakapaipai haapapu te expressiveness toi o whakapakoko, me te huatau, ngā rārangi ngohengohe.

Tohu me ngā taitara

• I ako i te Imperial Academy o Toi riro Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich tona tohu tuatahi - he mētara hiriwa - mo te mahi pai o nga pati-te tauturu i runga i te kaupapa te Bibilia.
• I roto i te 1864, mo nga huahua o whakapakoko whakatairangatia ana "Belisarius" me "Cupid ko Psyche" toi i neklassnogo toi. E rima nga tau i muri mai i whakatairangatia ana ia ki tenei paetukutuku ki te kaitoi piha o te 2 nekehanga, a muri riro te 1 tohu.
• Ko te paetae tino nui te taitara o te academician, i i whakawhiwhia Opekushin i 1872. Imperial Academy o Fine Arts ngā reira i roto i te wahi hoki o ana whakatutukitanga mātauranga, me te tino mahi kāwanatanga-hōputu: he māhunga o te Karauna Prince me te whakapakoko Petra Velikogo.
• I roto i te taua tau, i whakawhiwhia Alexander Mikhailovich Society o Naturalists he mētara koura mo te maha o nga mahi kaupapa.
• ko Opekushin whakaora i te taumata o te ao. Ko tētahi o nga whakatutukitanga tino tino ko te tohu tuatahi, riro e te reira i roto i Estonia, Tartu (ka Dorpat) mo te hanganga o te pou ki Karl Baer. Opekushin par ki te whakataetae i tae e kaiwhakairo i Europe a Amerika.

meka ngā

• I roto i 1978, i roto i te mahara o te toi (tona huritau 140th) i tukua whakaahua (toi) vehi ki tona whakaahua i runga i te obverse.
• I roto i te 1986, kitea arorangi Lyudmila Chernykh asteroid, e kiia nei ko i muri i te toi Russian.
• Mai 1993, te aroaro tau tau ahurea tino Yaroslavl taonga ko Opekushin.
• I te 2013 whakaputaina e ia he pukapuka Olgi Davydovoy e pā ana ki te ora, me te mahi o te toi. E te ara, te kaituhi toutou whakaputaina tuhinga roa e pā ana ki Opekushin. Kei hoki tēnei pukapuka he whakaahuatanga o te wā tino nui o te ora me te mahi o nga rangatira nui. Hei waihanga ka mau te reira tata 30 tau. Na te take mo te whakaputanga i mahi e rua noa ngā rā: te 175raa o te whanautanga Opekushin (rite ki nga puna, i whanau i roto i te 1833) me te tau 90 o tona mate.

PS

whakakitea te tauira te ao Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, tona haurongo me whakatutukitanga i roto i te toi - he pono he feat o te serf. Ko ia tetahi o te tuatahi ki te haere ki te pūnaha pāpori, a whakamatauria e kore tetahi mana pāpori ranei tetahi atu here e ārai i te tangata i te mahi mea aroha koutou, ka hanga i te tahi mea ataahua, mahue ake te mahara o ano i runga i tenei ao. Na kia te toi Russian i muri maha whakamoemiti, me ngā taitara wareware hoki te maha o nga tau, whakapono fakaangá he wahi o taua mea i roto i te toi rahi, me te whakairo ahurei hohonu, me e kore rohe mahara.