Pekerangi (huānga matū) āhuatanga tātai ti'araa

Ko reira tino nui mō te te taata katoa nga āhuatanga o te hau pērā i te pekerangi. Huānga, kua hanga e nei te reira, - tenei hāora O. I roto i te meka, ozone e ₃ - kotahi whakarerekētanga allotropic oxygenation tënei o toru wae o formular (e ÷ e ÷ G). He tuatahi, me te pūhui mohiotia - ko ano he ïa hāora hau e te hanga e te reira e rua ngota (D = e) - e _2.

Allotropy - te kaha o te huānga matū ki te hanga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga rerekē o pūhui ohie. Ngā mihi ki te taata nei, a uiuia te whakamahi i matū pērā i taimana me te graphite, monoclinic me orthorhombic whanariki, hāora, me te pekerangi. e kore te tika iti huānga he taua kaha ki te rua anake whakarerekētanga, etahi atu o ratou.

History o pūhui kitea

Ko te kōwae wāhanga o maha matū waro, me te pararopi, tae atu pērā i te pekerangi - he āhuatanga matū nei tohu e - hāora, i roto i te «oxys» Kariki - kawa, a «gignomai» - ki te hoatu whanau.

Hoki te wā tuatahi i te hou whakarerekētanga allotropic o te hāora i roto i te ngā ki hauruke hiko kitea i roto i 1785 te Dutchman Martijn van Maroun, i unu tona aro kakara. He rau tau i muri mai tuhia Wīwī Christian Friedrich Schönbein te aroaro o te taua i muri i te tupuhi, ai te ingoa hau i "hongi". Ko e tinihangatia etahi aivanaa, whakapono e kakara ratou tikanga o te kakara ia pekerangi. Kakara e ua no ratou pūhui matū waro oxidized mā te tauhohe i ki e _3, rite te hau ko te tino urupare.

hanganga hiko

Ko te kongakonga hanganga taua e O2 me O3 - he āhuatanga matū. Pekerangi he hanganga matatini ake. Ko tonu te hāora noa iho - e rua ngota ki te hāora piri e te here rua, me te arā, o ϭ--wae π, rite ki te valency o te huānga. Mō ₃ He maha ngā hanganga kōwaro. here maha honotanga te hāora e rua, me te tuatoru he kotahi. Ko te kupu, e tika ana ki te hekenga π-wae, he pikitia katoa o te ngota e toru e kotahi me te hawhe hononga. He poto te kotahi, engari roa atu i te rua tenei hononga. Ko te tūponotanga o ngā rāpoi ngota hohokitanga pūtaiao whakahaere ngā waho.

tikanga kōtuitanga

Hoki te hanganga o te hau pērā i te pekerangi, me waiho te hāora huānga matū i roto i te reo haurehu waihā i roto i te puka o ngota takitahi. E hanga taua tikanga i roto i te tukinga o ngā rāpoi ngota hāora ki ngā irahiko e ₂ i roto i ngaa tukunga hiko atu matūriki ki pūngao nui ranei, a ka te irradiated reira ki te marama katinga.

hea te raiona o o te tapeke o te pekerangi whakaputaina e huarahi ahomatū i roto i nga tikanga kōhauhau tūturu. hiahia iwi ki te whakamahi i te mahi matū o te tahi atu tikanga pērā i, mo te tauira, kōtuitanga -hiko. Kei a ia i roto i taua whakanohoia nga electrodes konukawata kawehiko reo wai, ka whakaaetia nāianei. Ko te kaupapa tauhohe:

H ₂ E + e ₂ → e ₃ + H ₂ + e ^-

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

Hāora (e) - wāhanga wae pērā i ozone taonga - huānga matū nei tātai me te whanaunga papatipu titiwha e whakarārangitia i roto i te ripanga pūmotu. Hanga i tētahi e ₃ ki te hāora, riro te reira i te āhuatanga faufaa rerekē i te hunga o te e _2.

Gas puru - ko te āhua noa o taua pūhui rite pekerangi tenei. tātai huānga Chemical āhuatanga ine - tautuhi katoa i roto i te tāutu me te ako o te taonga. Ko te wāhi e koropupu ana hoki ia -111,9 ° C, he kāwanatanga liquefied he tae papura pouri, i te tukupu atu tohu ki -197,2 ° haamata C rewa. I roto i te āhua totoka o te whakawhāititanga pekerangi riro te tae pango ki te hue papura. Ko tōna memehatanga tekau nga wa ki runga ake i he taonga o te e hāora _{2 reira.} A, no te nohanga tino iti i roto i te rangi i te haunga o te pekerangi, ko reira koi, motuhake, me te rite te kakara o te whakarewa.

āhuatanga matū

kaha Tino, ki te hi'oraa tauhohenga, te hau ko te pekerangi. Matū huānga e hanga ai - he hāora. Ngā āhuatanga e whakatau i te whanonga o te pekerangi i roto i te pāhekoheko ki ētahi atu matū, - he kaha oxidizing tiketike, me te tapepe o te hau iho. I pāmahana teitei, decomposes reira i te tere tuatahi, whakatere te tukanga me kaiwhakakökï pērā i waikura konganuku, māota hauhā, hauota, me ētahi atu. āhuatanga piti hāora tūturu hanganga o te pekerangi āhuatanga e tika ana ki te nekeneke o te rāpoi ngota, me te kotahi ki te ngota hāora, tahuri e piri nei ki te hau hāora: e ₃ → e ₂ + e ·

Hāora (paraka hanga i nei te matū muingota hangaia pērā i te hāora me te pekerangi) - huānga matū. Ka rite ki te mea i tuhituhia i roto i te whārite o te tauhohenga - Mō ·. Pekerangi oxidizes konganuku katoa anake koura, konukawata me ona subgroups. tauhohe te reira ki te haurehu i roto i te huru - waikura o whanariki, hauota, me ētahi atu. Kore noho matū e mangere me te organic, rawa tukanga nohopuku he discontinuities maha here i roto i te hanganga o te pūhui takawaenga. He mea nui e he mahaki ki te taiao me te tangata nga hua tauhohenga. Tenei wai, te hāora, waikura teitei o ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ngā waikura o te waro. e kore e Tauhohenga ki te pekerangi mai pūhui ā-rua o te konupūmā, Titanium, me te takawai ki te hāora.

tono

Ko te wāhi matua te wahi whakamahia "hongi" hau - reira ozonation. Ko nui atu whai hua, me te haumaru ki kaiao ora atu i māota disinfection te tikanga taua o sterilization. A, no te pure wai ki ozone hanganga puta pärönaki paitini o te mewaro kōnakonako kino whakakapi.

Piki, whakamahia tenei tikanga kaiao o sterilization te i roto i te ahumahi kai. tukinotia Ozone ki taputapu pouaka, whakaurunga rokiroki mō ngā hua ki te awhina kawe ia ia ki waho i te tango o kakara.

Hoki ngā āhuatanga waipatu hauora o te pekerangi e mahuinga ia ano. patu kitakita ratou te motu, rongoā saline. toto venous Ozonated, me te "hongi" hau hamani he maha o mate mau.

Te riroraa i roto i te āhua me te uara

taonga pekerangi Simple - huānga hau hanganga kōhaupapa rohe e tata ana te wāhi kei te tawhiti o e pā ana ki 20-30 km i te mata. Wehe o tenei pūhui puta i roto i te tukanga e pā ana ki te tukunga hiko, i roto i fehokotakianga, te taputapu Copier. Otiia i roto i te kōhaupapa kua hanga e te reira, a kei roto 99% o te tapeke o te ozone hakari i te kōhauhau o te whenua.

Faufaa whakamatauria te aroaro o te hau i roto i te wāhi e tata ana-whenua. hanga reira ki reira he apa Ozone pera-ka karanga, e tiaki ora katoa i whakamate radiation solar hihi katikati. Oddly nui, engari i runga i te par ki te painga nui, te hau ano he mōrearea ki te tangata. Te whakanui ake i te kukū o te pekerangi i roto i te tangata rangi manawa kino mo te rauropi, no te mea o tona te tauhohenga tino.