Pene collet - he taputapu pono o te kaitoi

e kore tetahi rau ōrau taea whakairoiro rorohiko Modern ki te whakakapi i te mahi o toi. Kei te mahi tonu ratou karakara i runga i te pepa o te pepa. Kua puta ke "Taputapu" o ratou mahi, kua riro te reira i te watea, me te pono. pene noa, collet, aunoa, tae ranei ohie - he katoa ratou i roto i te tono, me te kitea o ratou kaihoko.

History o hanga

puta te tauira rawa o te taputapu ki te pukapuka i roto i te tekau ma toru te rau tau. O te akoranga, whanau reira iti ahua ki te tauira hou - waea hiriwa angiangi i runga i te kakau hono e whakapiringa. Ētahi atu iti iho ranei rite puta te pene hou i roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu. Artists graphite tokotoko noaa i waenganui i te kurupae kuiti hono me overwrapped ki te pepa. Heoi e kore e whiwhi o koutou ringa paru, a ko reira māmā ki te pupuri.

I te mutunga o te rau tau tekau ma waru mea whakaaro pūtaiao French me ihi Nicolas Zhak Konte te tauira hou. Na ka ka ake reira, ua faaoti tuatahi Lothar von Faberkastl okeoke raruraru, kī te āhua hexagonal o te hua.

He huarahi kouma ki te ora ue'i Ameliká Alonzo Townsend Cross, te whakaaro o te whakamahi atu economical o te tokotoko graphite. I roto i te rua-hautoru o te whakamahi o te hua e tukuna i roto i tona Sharpening. Ia "huna" i te pene i roto i te ngongo whakarewa, a hoatu mua reira rite hiahiatia ki te roa e hiahiatia ana. Pene collet - "-makapuna nui," me te hoahoa hou māmā o te korere whakarewa rawa.

parau tumu o te mahi

Collet - Zange, whakamaoritia i te reo Tiamana tohu he pūrere mō te whakatika i te taonga rawhi o hanga porotakaroa. Ko te tono he tino whānui: i roto i scalpels, titi whētui, whakarewa machined me te rakau, raka punga, ngā taputapu hanga rapu warea pono.

ka pene mamau tona ingoa e te tikanga e whakamahia nei i roto i tona ahumahi. Tenei whakaritenga o te maha "puawai", piri takaia mata. Mā te whakamahi i te puna te pēhi i runga i te wahi o runga o te tuhinga, fakalahi te collet te a taea te unuhia he mata, ki te roa e hiahiatia ana. I muri te tuku i te "puawai" pātene interlock me te pupuri i te pene i roto i te wahi.

Collet pene (2 mm - te noa tino, i reira e i 0.1 mm ki 5 mm) e taea te hanga o ngā rauemi rerekē. He rakau, whakarewa, kirihou, te tinana hiato. Hoki te haratau, e taea te whakanoho iho te ropu porowhita ki fakahū rapa. whakawhānui ratou te take pene, me te kore e tukua ki te paheke te reira i roto i te ringa. rerekē ratou, a rite te mukua.

momo

He taputapu mō te tono i tētahi whakapakoko i roto i e taea e te maha mure ore o ngā wā ki te huri i te tokotoko graphite i huaina pene aunoa. Whakamahia mō te tuhi, tuhituhi, tuhi. E rua ngā momo:

• pene aunoa;
• collet pene.

I roto i te tahuri, wehea aunoa ki te maha o ngā momo, i runga i te huarahi, te kai tokotoko rānei:

• rere helical mā te tahuri i te wahi tinana;
• ruru-Pāwhiri (wiri press ranei), e hiahia ana koe ki te tono i te tokotoko ki te wiri te pene;
• hoki pātene mangere whakarato kai te mata, kei te tūnga rerekë i runga i te paenga casing i roto i te rohe.

Whakaaro nga hua tino mahi e kore hoki e te hanga te huarahi aratohu o kirihou. Ka taea e te whārua Pākaha tīmata withdrawal o te tokotoko i roto i te tinana.

te tura

Kiritaki - te tohunga tino motuhake. Hua whakamahi ratou, me te whakatau i te kounga kī. Here te tahi painga hāngai collet pene nohoia:

• Aita e titauhia ia whakakoi;
• Ka taea e tokotoko "utu" i roto i te tinana, kahore te wehi o te naianei i tetahi transportation;
• Ka taea e koe te whakahaere i te matotoru o te mata;
• aroaro o te iniarapa tango;
• puritia wahi o te pene e roa atu i taua o te mangumangu;
• tika tiketike, ka aki.

whakamahi he pūrere taua maha ogromnoee o iwi: tauira, ngā ākonga, tohunga i roto i te hanga. Whakamahia reira ko te toi, e rua ngaio me amateurs. āhei te reira ki te tono tika te whanui aratau 0.2 mm o.

Maha-whakaaro, me te tautuhi i te whānuitanga o ngā kōwhiringa. collet whakaputaina pene rākau pūkaha e maha kamupene pai-mohiotia Pepa Mate (Mexico); Penac (Hapani), Pilot (Japan), Parker (Te Hononga o Amerika), Attache, BIC (France), Pentel (Japan), Koh-ahau-Noor (Czech Republic), ICO (Hungary), Rotring (Germany). Mechanical pene ka hei te ao waitohu rongonui he homai nui mo tetahi take. Whakatakotoria he pene mamau, tae ohie ranei, ka pai e rua ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki.