Penito Mussolini: biography, tōrangapū, te utuafare. ngā rā matua me ngā kaupapa o tona ora

rangatira Fascist Penito Mussolini mō te 21 nga tau i kingi Italy rite te Pirimia fakatikitató. He tamaiti uaua i te tīmatanga o te tau, ka tupu ia tutu, me te tutu. Bucha, na ka karanga hanga Mussolini tona mahi i roto i te Italian-pāpori Party. I muri mai peia ia i te whakahaere mo te tautoko o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao. Ia ka hanga e te Pāti Nasí ki hanga Italy ki te mana kaha Pākehā.

I muri i te Maehe i Roma i roto i Oketopa 1922 Penito riro Pirimia me āta whakangaromia e pato'iraa katoa tōrangapū. whakakaha te reira i ona tūranga i roto i te raupapa o ture, a tahuri Italy ki te kāwanatanga kotahi-rōpū. noho ia i roto i te kaha tae noa ki 1943, i hurihia ra ano taua mea. I muri mai ka e ia te rangatira o te Italian Social Republic, i whakatikaia i roto i te wahi raki o te kāwanatanga i i tautoko Hitler ngakau ki. tū te pou ia tae noa ki 1945.

Kia a ako atu e pā ana ki tenei tangata fakamisiteli, me te rereke, Mussolini, tona haurongo he tino ngā.

tau wawe

whanau Penito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini i roto i 1883 i roto i te kainga o Varano Di Kosta (kawanatanga o Forlì-Chizena, Italy). Ingoa i roto i te kororia o Mexican te peresideni Penito Juarez, me te ingoa tuarua, me te ingoa waenganui i hoatu ki a ia i roto i te mana o te te mua Itari Andrea Costa me Amilcare Tsipriani. Tona papa, Alessandro, ko he parakimete me te hapori ngākau nui, e nui o tona kaupapa wā noa hoatu, a roaa te moni pau i runga i mistresses. Tona whaea, Rosa, ko te karakia Katorika me te kaiako.

Penito - te tama mātāmua a ngā tamariki e toru o te whānau. Ahakoa te meka e e riro ia he kaikorero nui o te rau tau rua tekau, ka anga ia ki te kōrero rawa te mutunga. I roto i tona tamarikitanga, patua e ia he rota o te iwi ki o ratou puai hinengaro, engari i te wa ano i kaha tutu me te Moody. Hare ki tona papa i roto ia ia i te weriweri mō tōrangapū hapori, me te tutu ki te mana. Kua peia Mussolini rave rahi mau taime i ngā kura, te tau'a ore i te whakaritenga o te ako kia me. Ko tētahi patua te tamaiti matamua, Mussolini (whakaatu haurongo e kore i whakaatu noa ia tutu ki te iwi). Heoi, te whakahaere ia ki te tiki i te tiwhikete whakaako i roto i 1901, i muri i nei pau ia etahi wa mahi i roto i to ratou makehe.

Passion mō te hapori Mussolini. Haurongo me te ora

I roto i te 1902, oho Penito ki Switzerland, ki te whakawhanake i te kaupapa hapori. Hohoro riro he ingoa rite te kōrero faahiahia. ako ahau Ingarihi me Tiamana. Tona whai wāhitanga i roto i te whakaaturanga tōrangapū ngā te aro o te mana Swiss, i te mea he aha te reira, a ka peia i te whenua.

I roto i te 1904, ka hoki Penito ki Itari, te wahi tonu ia ki te whakatairanga i te Rōpū pāpori. Hoki i te marama torutoru, kua mauheretia e ia mo te rapu atu nei ko te Māoritanga o Mussolini. I muri i tona tuku, ka e ia te ētita o te nūpepa Avanti (e te tikanga "mua"). tukua tenei tūranga ki a ia ake i tona mana i runga i te pāpori Italian. I roto i te 1915, ka moea e ia Rashel Gaydi. I muri i te tahi mau wa, i hoatu e ia whanau ki te rima ngā tamariki Penito.

Te whati ki te hapori

whakataua Mussolini Italy i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Otiia hohoro mohio ahau e ko he faingamālie nui mo tona whenua ki te riro i te kaha nui tenei. Kua arahina Rerekētanga o whakaaro ki te take riri Penito ki ētahi atu te mua, a hohoro i peia ia i te whakahaere.

I te 1915 ka e ia wahi o te ope Italian, ka whawhai ki runga ki nga raina mua. I tukua atu te ana'iraa o te kāpara i te ope.

I muri i te whawhai, anō Mussolini ana mahi tōrangapū, faaino i te Kawanatanga o Italy mo te tohu o te ngoikore i roto i te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Versailles. hanga e ia tona niupepa ake i roto i Milan - Il popolo d'Italia. A i roto i te 1919, i hanga e ia te Party Nasí, i hāngai i tohe te whakahāweatanga piha pāpori me te i roto i te tautoko o te mana'oo iwi. Ko tōna whakaaro matua - ki te riro i te whakawhirinaki o te ope, me te arikitanga. Ko te kupu, tumanako ia ki te whakaara Italy ki te taumata o tona mua nui Roma.

Ko te haere mai ki te kaha o Mussolini

I roto i hōhā ngā muri patunga huakore o te Pakanga Nui ki te faaino i te Pāremata ki te papamuri o te raruraru ōhanga me te pāpori pakanga nui, whakaritea Mussolini he kimi huarahi hōia, e mohiotia ana ko te "hāte pango" nei pawera hoariri tōrangapū a awhinatia ake i te mana Fascist. I roto i te tau 1922, werohia ia ki te hepohepo tōrangapū Itari. ka mea a Mussolini e taea ki te whakahoki kia i te whenua, ki te i hoatu e ia te mana e.

ka mea te kingi ki Victor Emanuera III Penito ki te hanga i te kāwanatanga. A i Oketopa 1922, ka e ia te Pirimia whakaotinga i te hītori o te kāwanatanga Italian. Ia āta Taka pūtahi manapori katoa. A i roto i te 1925, i hanga e ia ia tonotono, Mussolini tango te taitara, i te tikanga "rangatira".

Duce Kaupapahere

kawea ana e ia i roto i te hōtaka whānui o te iwi whānui mahi ki te whakaiti i kore mahi. Na reira ko te angitu nui Mussolini whakahounga. Ia ke ano tikanga tōrangapū te whenua o ki te totalitarian, te mana i ko apooraa rahi o Fascism, ki te tautoko o te haumaru motu.

I muri i te tango i whakaturia te Paremata Penito te Chamber o Fasci ko Corporations ki te tohutohu māmā. Hei wāhanga o te kāwanatanga rangatōpū, i whakaritea kaituku mahi me ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā rōpū te mana e tohu rāngai rerekē o te ōhanga. Kua tupu tino ratonga pāpori, engari i whakakorea ai te tika ki te patu.

whakaiti Mussolini tikanga te mana o te rāngai ture, piri whakahaere te press noa, herea ana hoariri tōrangapū. I muri i te raupapa o ngā nganatanga i runga i tona ora (i roto i te 1925 me te 1926) Penito ūhia ki ngā rōpū pato'iraa, maka te neke atu i te 100 ngā mema o te pāremata, whakaora i te mate mo nga pokanga ketanga tōrangapū, e tumâ te pupuri o pōtitanga ā-rohe, me te faarahi te mana o nga pirihimana ngaro. Na whakatōpū fascism o Mussolini mana.

I roto i te 1929, hainatia e ia te Lateran Pact ki te Vatican, i muri i nei mutu te pakanga i waenganui i te Ekalesia, me te āhua Itari.

mahi hōia

I roto i te 1935, i whakaritea ki te whakaatu i te kaha me te kaha o tona tikanga, whakaekea Mussolini Etiopia roto i te ofatiraa o te tūtohutanga o te League o Nations. kihai i taea e Etiopiana patu painga pato'ii te tāke hou, me te waka rererangi i roto i Itari, ka i hohoro riro te whakapaipai o Addis Ababa. whakaturia Penito i Etiopia kingitanga Italian hou.

I roto i te 1939, ka tukua e ia ngā hōia ki Spain ki te tautoko i Francisco Franco me fascists rohe i roto i te Pakanga Civil. Na hiahia ia ki te whakawhānui i tona mana.

Germany Union

Maongo e angitu hōia i roto i Itari, rapu Adolf Hitler (tonotono German) ki te whakatū i hoa whanaunga ki Mussolini. Penito, i roto i te tahuri, patua he mahi tōrangapū anaana o Hitler me tona wikitoria tōrangapū tata. Na roto i te 1939, hainatia nga whenua e rua te haumi hōia mohiotia rite te Pact o Steel.

a Mussolini ko Hitler he ma i roto i Itari, whiu nga Hurai katoa. A mai i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i te tau 1940, whakaekea hōia Italian Kariki. Na ka piri nga Tiamana i roto i te wehenga o Yugoslavia, te whakaekenga o te Soviet Union me te whakapuakanga o te whawhai i runga i Amerika.

e kore tokomaha Itariana e tautoko i te haumi ki Germany. Ko te tomokanga o Hitler ki Poland me te whawhai ki a Ingarangi, me Farani arahina Italy ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i whawhai, me te kupu whakaatu i te kohakore katoa o tona ope. Kariki me Africa Te Tai Tokerau hohoro i āraia atu Italy. Anake te wawaotanga Tiamana i roto i te 1941 mau Mussolini i te tukipoto i hōia.

Ko te mate o Itari, me Mussolini o heke

I roto i te 1942, i te Conference Casablanca , Winston Churchill me Franklin D. Roosevelt ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere ki te kawea mai Itari i roto o te whawhai, ka hopukia atu Germany ki te neke i runga i te Front Eastern ki Russia tona ope. noaa ope Allied he tunga i roto i Sicily, a ka anga ki te neke ake i te kūrae.

takoha pēhanga whakatipu Mussolini ki rihaina. I muri i taua, i hopukina ia, engari nga ope Tiamana motuhake hohoro Spas Penito. Na ka neke atu ia ki te raki Italy, i tonu nohoia e nga Tiamana, tumanako ki te whakahoki i te mana tawhito.

Ko te mahia tūmatanui

Pipiri 4, 1944, i fakatau'atāina'i Roma e ope Allied e tangohia e te mana o te kāwanatanga katoa. Mussolini ko tona rangatira, Clara Petacci, tamata ki mawhiti ki Switzerland, engari riro i April 27, 1945. i mahi ana ratou i te ra i muri tata i te pa o Dongo. whakairihia ratou tinana i roto i te tapawha i Milan. kihai hapori Italian i faaite i tetahi tatarahapa mo te mate o Penito. I muri i te katoa, i korero ai ia i te iwi "kororia Roma", engari kua hinga tona megalomania tikanga noa, i arahina te āhua ki te whawhai, me te rawakore.

I te tīmatanga i tanumia Mussolini i roto i te urupā Musocco i Milan. Otiia i roto i August 1957, i anō-tanumia ia i roto i te Crypt e tata ana Varano Di Kosta.

Tuí me runaruna

Ka rite ki te kuao, whakaaturia Mussolini ia he takafí, a tae noa tamata e rave rahi mau taime ki paorooro te whakarongo, karanga i runga i te Atua ki te whakamatea ia tonu. whakataua ana e ia nga Socialists, nei i ngāwari o te karakia. whakapono ia e kua kï pūtaiao e kahore he Atua, me te karakia - he mate o te hinengaro, ka whakawakia Karaitiana o te tinihanga, me te wehi. Ko te Māoritanga o Mussolini te nuinga ngā i roto i te faahapa i te Ekalesia Katorika.

Penito ko he tahi o Fridriha Nitsshe. kī Denis Mack Smith e i roto i reira i kitea e ia e tika ai mō tana "faitau" ki te maitai Karaitiana o te aroha me te atawhai. Ia tino mauruuru tona ariā o te superman. I te ra o tona 60raa, riro ia he homai i Hitler - he kohinga oti o nga mahi o Nietzsche.

ora whaiaro

Hoki te wā tuatahi marenatia Penito Ida Dalser i Trento i 1914. He tau i muri mai, i te tama, e i huaina Penito rere Mussolini te tokorua. He mea nui ki te mōhio e tona faaipoiporaa tuatahi, ngā mōhiohio katoa kua ngaro, ka i hohoro i raro i tana wahine, me te tama ki te inonotitanga nui.

I roto i te Hakihea 1915 ka moea e ia Rashel Gaydi, nei i tona rangatira mai 1910. I roto i te faaipoiporaa, i ratou tokorua nga tamahine a toru tama, Ed (1910-1995 gg.) A Anna Maria (1929-1968 gg.), Vittorio (1916-1997 gg.), Bruno (1918-1941 gg.) A Romano (1927-2006 gg.).

ko Mussolini he torutoru mistresses, i roto ia ratou - Margherita Sarfatti me tona aroha hou - Clara Petacci.

tuku iho

Ko te toru o te tama a Mussolini, Bruno, mate i roto i te ati manureva i roto i te rere i runga i te rererangi misioni R.108 whakamātautau August 7, 1941.

patua tana tama matamua i muri whakaweti tutu i August 26, 1942.

Te tuahine Sofi Loren, Anna Maria Skikolone, marenatia ki Romano Mussolini. Tona mokopuna, Alessandra Mussolini, ko te mema o te Pākehā Pāremata, me kei te tavini nei i roto i te Chamber o mua rite te mema o tangata o Freedom.

rāhuitia o Mussolini National Fascist Party i roto i Constitution Italian kaumātua. Otiia, i reira i rave rahi rōpū neo-Nasí, ki tonu i te mahi o Penito. Ko te tino kaha o ratou - te Italian Social Movement, i roa noa 1995. Otiia hohoro ketia tona ingoa ki te National Alliance me radically wehea i fascism.

Na, ka taea e tatou te mea: kaha, tuhi ki wikitoria, ko haurangi me te kiriweti Penito Mussolini. Kei te patu tona haurongo piki pīataata me ngā heke mercilessly. Ko ia te upoko o te kāwanatanga Italian i 1922 ki te 1943. riro ia te kaiwhakarewa o fascism i Itari. I roto i tona tikanga fakatikitató te etaeta tono ki a ratou tangata. arahina e ia te iwi i roto i toru pakanga, i roto i te whakamutunga o te mea i turakina ai ia.

I runga i tenei ka taea ki te ako i te mōhiohio i runga katoa, he aha te mea te Māoritanga o Mussolini me pehea ko ia he tangata.