Pon-hangarau - whatunga whatu hāngū

Roha o ratonga whakarongo kiritaki Ipurangi me, no reira, ngā kaiwhakamahi aunui titau te whakataki o hangarau hou. kia ara auau kōrero Raraunga te kaha o ngā rārangi, e hanga nga kamupene ratonga whakahou takere mōhiohio waka. Ko motu ke i tupu i roto i te tuku raraunga puta me ngā raruraru o te ahua rerekē, e kua whakahuatia i roto i te hua i roto i ngā utu ratonga whatunga atu nui, me te whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o ngā hiahia mutunga-kaiwhakamahi. Ko tētahi ara ko ki te arotau i te katoa mahi pūnaha kōrero Pon-hangarau, e taea hoki ki a koutou te pupuri i te kaha o whatunga ki whakawhānui atu i to ratou kaha me te taumahinga.

te muka whatu me te hangarau Pon

Ko te whanaketanga hou whakahaere te whakahaere hangarau me te mahi tonu o whatunga tuku raraunga mōhiohio, engari tutuki tenei te nuinga e tika ana ki te painga mua o hononga optical. Ahakoa tenei ra, i runga i te whakamārama o te whakataki o rauemi tiketike-tech tonu te whakamahi o takere i hanga ki runga ki te toulekeleká takirua waea me te tikanga o te xDSL. Oia mau, te uru whatunga i runga i enei āhuatanga tino ngaro i roto i te pai rārangi muka-tafenga, e kore e taea te whai whakaaro mai hoki rite tahi mea hua i nga paerewa o tenei ra.

He rerekē ki ngā whatunga tuku iho, me te ahokore takere kōrero kua roa taunaki te muka whatu. Otiia ki te aroaro o ko te tuuraa o te taura i te ala mo whakahaere maha, kua riro tenei ra whatu wāhanga nui ake wātea. Mau, i mua i whakamahia te muka mo te tiaki o kiritaki noa, tae atu Itarangi. Ko te mahi i muri mai i te whanaketanga o te whatunga torotoro waea e hāngai ana i runga i Micro-SDH hoahoanga, whakatuwheratia ake rongoā katoa hou. Just i tenei pūnaha me kitea tona whakamahinga o te ariā o whatunga Pon.

Waeine whatunga

Ko te whakamātau tuatahi ki te whakakotahi i te hangarau kua whakahaeretia i roto i te 1990, ka miharo te rōpū o kamupene aratuku whakaaro ki te ite i roto i te mahi i te whakaaro o te wāhi maha muka whatu hāngū kotahi. Ka rite ki te hua, ko te whakahaere i FSAN, te whakakotahi me ngā, me ngā kaiwhakanao taputapu whatunga. Ko te whakaaro matua ko te ki te waihanga me te mōkihi FSAN ki aratohu whānui me ngā whakaritenga ki te whakawhanake i pūmārō Pon ki kaiwhakanao taputapu me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga e taea te mahi tahi i roto i te wāhanga kotahi. Ki te rā, te hono hāngū, e hāngai ana i runga i te Pon hangarau, whakaritea i roto i te runga i ITU-T paerewa, ATM ko ETSI.

Ko te parau tumu o ngā mahi whatunga

Ko te āhuatanga matua o Pon whakaaro ko e hāngai te hanganga i runga i te kōwae kotahi e te kawenga mō ngā mahi tuku raraunga, me te fariiraa. Kei tēnei wae e i roto i te OLT o te pūnaha, me te taea te kōpuku pokapū ki te mahi i te plurality o kaiohauru o rere mōhiohio. Ko te taputapu mutunga kaiwhiwhi mahi ont, e, i roto i te tahuri, mahi rite te tuku. Ko te maha o ngā teihana kaitango hono ki te tangohanga kōwae pokapū, me te whakawhitihia, ti'aturi anake i runga i te mana, me te taputapu tere mōrahi whakamahia Pon. Ko te hangarau he, i roto i te parau tumu, e kore e whakawhāiti te maha o ngā kaiuru i roto i te kupenga, engari mo te whakamahi tino arotau o ngā kaupapa torotoro waea, hoatu tonu ngā etahi tauārai i roto i runga i te whirihoranga o te whatunga motuhake. whakamana Pāohotanga mōhiohio rere i te wae tangohanga-whakawhitihia pokapū ki te kōwae kaitango te i te wāhanga roangaru o 1550 nm. I roto i te rerekē, kua tuku te rere raraunga whakamuri i te whakaaro kiritaki ki te OLT i te roangaru o te 1310 nm. kia ēnei rerenga kia whakaaro motuhake.

Whakamua me rere whakamuri

Ko te matua (ie tika) rere i te kōwae whatunga pokapū pā ki te pāhotanga. tikanga o tēnei e te wāhanga raina whatu te rere raraunga whānui, miramira i te mara wāhitau. Ko te kupu, ia wae kaitango "pānui" mōhiohio anake te tikanga hoki ia. kia kia huaina taua parau tumu tohatoha raraunga demultipleksornym.

I roto i te tahuri, rere te tahatua te whakamahi i te raina kotahi ki te pāho raraunga ki kaiohauru katoa hono ki te whatunga. Mai te kaupapa o maha wehenga wā uru. Hei aukati i te tūponotanga o tohu whakawhitinga i farii raraunga maha ia pūrere kaitango kōpuku kua he wātaka takitahi mo te utu o ngā raraunga whakaritea mo te roa. Ko te parau tumu whānui mohio e te te hangarau Pon, i roto i ngā o te pāhekoheko o te kōwae kaiwhiwhi-tuku ki ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga tenei. Heoi, whatunga te whirihoranga iahiko e taea whai topologies rerekē.

Āhuawhatunga, "Point ki faaite"

I roto i tenei take, he pūnaha P2P e kia whakamana hoki paerewa noa, a mo kaupapa motuhake e pā ana, hei tauira, te faaitoitoraa o ngā pūrere optical. whakarato tiaki mōrahi taea nga ira haumarutanga kaitango raraunga hononga Ipurangi o tenei momo mo taua whatunga. Ko kawea whakapanga raina optical mō ia kaiwhakamahi i roto i motuhake, na whakanuia ana te utu o te whakahaere i taua awa nui. I roto i te tahi mau ara, e kore te mea noa tenei, engari he whatunga takitahi, ahakoa te pokapū, e whakahaere te wae kaitango kia mahi hoki atu kaiwhakamahi. I roto i te whānui, he tika hoki kaiohauru nui tenei huarahi e he nui rawa te rārangi haumaru.

Āhuawhatunga "mowhiti"

hāngai ana tēnei kaupapa i runga i te whirihoranga SDH me te pai whakakitea i roto i te kupenga tapahanga. Engari, he iti iho whai hua i roto i te mahi o whatunga uru momo mowhiti whatu. Na, i roto i te faanahonahoraa o te pa tūnga ara o kōpuku tātai noa i te wā hoahoa, ko te whatunga uru hanga e taea ki te aromatawai i roto i mua i te maha o ngā wae kaitango.

Ka taea te tino faingataa ngā hononga pae tino, me te mokowā matapōkere o kaiohauru mowhiti ara iahiko. I roto i te mahi, maha tahuri te whirihoranga taua ki taiawhio pakaru he plurality o manga. Tenei puta, ka whakamana te whakataki o kaiohauru hou te roto i te wāhanga āputa tīariari. Hei tauira, kia hanga e te hono koropiko e e hāngai i roto i te kotahi raina. Ko te hua ko te "whati" taura e i roto i te mahi whakaiti i te tika o te whatunga.

Āhuatanga o te EPON architecture

Ko te whakamātau tuatahi ki te hanga i te whatunga Pon mō kiritaki kapinga āwhiwhiwhi ki te hangarau Itarangi, i hanga i roto i te 2000, kua riro te tūāpapa mo te whanaketanga o te mau parau tumu o te hanganga o whatunga te hoahoanga o EPON, a rite i whakaurua te paerewa matua whakatakotoranga IEEE, e hāngai ana i runga i nei i whakawhanakehia whakatau takitahi mo te whakahaere whatunga Pon. hangarau EFMC, hei tauira, āhuawhatunga serviced "ira ki te tohu" mahi takirua parahi miro. Ko tenei ra, i tenei pūnaha te tata kore whakamahia i roto i te hononga ki te whakawhiti ki te muka. Ka rite ki te rerekē, wāhi atu te fafau mai e tonu ADSL hāngai hangarau-.

I roto i te hou puka o paerewa EPON whakatinana hoki te maha iahiko, ko te huru matua o ona taatou ko te whakamahi o muka. I tua atu ki te whakamahi o whirihoranga rerekē i runga i EPON hangarau hononga Pon paerewa whakarato hoki te kaha ki te whakamahi i etahi putanga o transceivers optical.

Āhuatanga o te GPON architecture

GPON hoahoanga taea ki te whakatinana i te uru whatunga i runga i te paerewa kaore. I roto i te akoranga o te mahi hanganga o te whakahaere o te whakanui ake i bandwidths whatunga, me te ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga mo te tono whakawhiti tōtika atu. GPON Ko te hanganga anga tauineine e taea ngā mōhiohio ki te mahi kaiohauru i roto i auau rere ki runga ki te 2.5 Gbit / c. Ko te kupu whakataka a taea te rerenga tika mahi i runga i te taua i te aratau tere rerekē ranei. Ano, i roto i te GPON whirihoranga whatunga uru kia whakarato i tetahi encapsulation ki te kawa waka ahakoa o mahi tukutahinga. Ki te taea te mohio te SDH wehenga anake pateko o here, te kawa GPON hanganga GFP hou i te tiaki i nga āhuatanga o te anga SDH me taea te tohanga hihiri o here.

painga o te hangarau

I roto i nga painga matua o muka optical i Scheme Pon emit kahore hononga takawaenga i waenganui i te tuku pokapū, me te kaiwhiwhi-kaitango, ōhanga, noho noa o te hononga me te ngaue'aki. Ki te whānuitanga nui e tika ana ki te whakahaere kouma o whatunga enei painga. Hei tauira, ngā hononga Ipurangi te tika, na e kore e te kore o tetahi o nga wae kaitango pātata pā tona mahi. Ahakoa te ngohi o ngā kaiwhakamahi, o te akoranga, ngā hononga ki tetahi wae pokapū, e whakatau i te kounga o te mahi o ngā kaiuru katoa hanganga. Me whai whakaaro ano hoki tatou i te rakau āhuawhatunga P2MP, i te mea te takere whatu tino papaitia. whakarato ana tēnei whirihoranga mahi whatunga ahakoa o te wāhi o kōpuku kaitango rārangi tohatoha economical te fariiraa a whakawhitihia ngā mōhiohio Nā. I te wa ano tukua te whakataki o ngā kaiwhakamahi hou kahore tino huringa ki te hanganga ngā.

Huakore o whatunga Pon

Ko tonu ahua tono Wide o tenei hangarau ārai āhuatanga nui. Ko te tuatahi ko te matatini o te pūnaha. kia whakaratohia ai painga whakahaere o tenei momo o te whatunga anake, ki te whakaaro i te hoahoa kounga mahia tuatahi maha motuhake e hangarau. I te tahi taime i roto i riro te ara he Pon uru hangarau, e whakarato ana hoki te whakahaere o te kaupapa typological ohie. Otiia i roto i tenei take he tika taua mea ki te faaineine no te tahi atu mau hapehape - kore o ngā āhuatanga hapanga.

whakamatautau i te whatunga

A, no te haere ngā wāhanga katoa o te whanaketanga o te whatunga o te taiawhio tuatahi, ka whakatinana mehua hangarau, timata nga tohunga ki te whakamātau hanganga. Ko tētahi o nga tohu matua o te whatunga whakamana te qualitatively ine i te attenuation i runga i te raina. Hoki tātaritanga awa mo te aroaro o testers optical whakamahia rohe raruraru. Kua hanga inenga katoa i runga i te rārangi hohe whakamahi multiplexers me ngā tātari. whatunga aratuku Tauine te tikanga whakamatauria te whakamahi i te OTDR. Ko titau taua taputapu whakangungu motuhake o ngā kaiwhakamahi, kore ki te whakahua i te meka e kia whai wāhi i te tohu deciphering rōpū tohunga.

mutunga

Ahakoa nga uauatanga katoa i roto i te whakawhitinga ki kamupene hangarau hou e whakarato ratonga torotoro waea, hohoro ako ki rongoā pono whai hua. Āta horahia a uaua pūnaha mahi muka whatu hangarau, e ngā hangarau Pon. "Rostelecom", hei tauira, ka anga ki te whakamōhio atu ratonga ki te hōputu hou i roto i 2013. Access ki te kaha o whatunga optical Pon tuatahi ki te farii i noho o Leningrad rohe. He aha te mea tino ngā, kua whakaratohia te kaiwhakarato ratonga he hanganga muka-whatu, ara nga kainga rohe. I roto i te mahi, ka tukua tenei kaiohauru ki te oaoa i kore anake te waea me te whai wāhi ipurangi, engari hono ano hoki ki te päpäho pouaka whakaata mamati.