Portrait o Pita 1. Nikitin, Portrait o Pita 1. Portrait Historical o Pita 1

Tuakiri o Pita 1 i runga i te matau ko tetahi o te wahi tino i roto i te aamu o te kāwanatanga Russian. A ehara i te mea i whakaturia tenei tangata te Empire rite taua, engari te meka e i roto i te kingitanga o Pita i te Russian he pere rawa hou o te whanaketanga. Tuhituhia mano o ngā pukapuka hītori me te haurongo, te hanga i te whakaahua o Pita 1, engari mārama whakaahua nga mahi o tenei tangata, kau faihisitōlia, pūtaiao taea kore ki tenei ra. Etahi o ratou heoti, te kingi Russian tuatahi, whakaahua ana innovations i roto i te pūnaha tūmatanui, me te kaupapa here ke. Etahi, i runga i te anga ke, e ngana ana ki te whakaatu ia i te nanakia me te fakaaoao, kōrero ki te taikaha nui, me te nanakia ki ana kaupapa. Ko te whakaahua o Pita 1 pikitia whakaaturia nei te i raro, whakaatu te tangata hihiri me mātauranga.

Whakahē te emepera tuatahi me innovations kino-whakaaro hāngai, kia rite ki faihisitōlia, te haepapatanga o Russian katoa, whakakapi ona uara Western. Heoi, ratou e rua tino whakaae i runga i tetahi mea: ko reira tino tautohetia, rohe me te ahua nui i roto i te aamu o te kāwanatanga Russian.

Kaua e whakawa, e koutou kia kore whakawakia

Ki te ako fakalelei tatou te hoho'a hītori o Pita 1, hanga e nga kaituhi o mahi rave rahi, e nehenehe tatou e haere mai ki te mutunga ohie: e kore e taea te whakawakia he taua tuakiri nui-tauine kotahi-sidedly. whakawhāititanga tino o te momo "pango me te ma" konei he Kāore. I tua atu ki te fakaanga, ranei, hei kōrero, he tika te whakamoemiti ki te mahino mārama i roto i te ture, me ngā mahi ka ngā. A he aha te mea i nga wa mohoao me te wehi ki to tatou to'ume'á, ko he kitea noa mō ngā papa rerekē o te taupori o Russia timatanga o te rau tau XVIII.

Portrait o Petra Velikogo kore e taea te hanga te whakamahi o ngā uara morare hou. e kia "flat" me aronganui he huarahi taua. kino ia ia he aromatawai whai o te mo'oni hītori o te kāwanatanga Muscovite, a ka te Russian Empire o te rau tau XVIII.

Na reira, Me tika koe ki te ngana ki te arotahi tautika i haurongo kūpapa o te emepera Russian tuatahi me katoa i i pā ana ki reira. I muri i te katoa, taua tangata ahu ki te waiho ratou tohu kore anake i roto i tōrangapū me te pūnaha tōrangapū.

Mātauranga - te turanga mo te tuakiri heke mai

I whanau Petr Alekseevich Romanov i runga i Mei 30, 1672. I tua atu i uri katoa a te kingi, i anake te kāinga-haapiihia te kingi heke mai. Na matou me whakaae e, ara i te paerewa o tenei ra, ko reira tino pai. whakakitea kaitiaki te tamaiti he keno nui mo reo ke, me te pūtaiao. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te kingi i mua nei i te tamarikitanga ngā i wawata tangata, me te hangarau. Ahakoa te hiahia i hoatu ano e ia nga tikanga mahi.

tupu te tama whakaotinga a Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ko Natalia Naryshkin, Pita iti, tamaiti noatia nanakia, me te kaha. I tua atu ki tona taumaha mo te pūtaiao, ia oaoa piki i runga i taiapa, whawhai nga hoa pai o te porowhita roto, ka whakamana atu māna āhuatanga o tenei ao.

Craft - he mahi tika o nga kingi

Ko te ohorere motuhake o te katoa, kaore he aweretanga, kua tonu ngā kaituhi i te weriweri mo te tama a te kingi mahi toi kaimahi noa, ua faaite ia moni noa i te kuao tau ki nei. Tetahi o te whakaahua hītori o Pita 1 he oti, kahore he whakaahuatanga o pehea i taea e whakapau ia haora te mātakitaki i te mahi o te tarai pai ranei te kupukupu tonu kohu wera te whare waro.

Ko te moni o te tama a te kingi kihai i haere hia. i whakaritea kaimahi motuhake, i anga ki te whakaako i nga taketake o Pita nga mahi toi māmā: tahuri mahi me te rikarika ki. He mea tika ki te whakaaro e kore i haere i te reira i te utu o te hōtaka whakangungu matua o te kainga taitamariki. pūtaiao tangohia, reo akoranga, te tumu o te pūtaiao hōia e kore kua i whakakorea. Mai kōhungahunga, riro te kingi heke mai mātauranga multilateral me te kounga (tika ke ki te tahi mau kau faihisitōlia Western e haapiihia kāinga Russia i roto i aua tau taa ê sidedness me kore o te ngaiotanga).

Heoi, ko te "kuware" o te Hiha kihai i pai kia karangatia e, e matakitaki ana rite te artist tuhituhi he whakaahua o Antropov Pita 1: kingi ka ūhia, tūranga me kanohi korero o te tangata nui, me te kaha. A ahakoa i te wa i mate te pikitia o te kingi mo tata 50 tau, kua whakaaturia ana te kaituhi reira rawa pono.

Koroneihana me te hono

kia tīmata te whakaahua tōrangapū o Pita 1 tuhituhi mai 1682. I muri i te matenga o te urikore Tsar Feodor Alekseevich taitama Romanov i hakeaki'i ki te torona. Heoi, ka bypassing reira tona tuakana Ivan, atu i kore i taka ki te tango i te rawa o te Miloslavskys rōpū (tuahine whanaunga pakeke Petra - Sofia) mo te whakahaere o te tukipoto whare. whakamahia Miloslavsky pai te oaoa Royal, a kia rite ki te hua o te hapu Naryshkin, i no ki te whaea o Pita, ka tata whakangaromia. whakaritea "Elder" Kingi i Ivan, a ka Sophia Regent-rangatira.

tutu Streletsky a ëtahi patu nanakia rawa tino pāngia te tuakiri o Pita te nui. He maha hītori feohi reira ki enei mea atu, e kore e tautika tonu, te kingi mahi.

Sophia, hoko i te rangatira anake o te whenua, tata whakahekea kingi i roto i te Liliú iti - he matua whenua tapa tāone iti. Ko konei e huihuia Pita youngs pai e tata ana te taiao, i hanga te rongonui "whata faaoaoaraa." i te mātauranga Military tenei puka, nga rangatira, me hoia o te ope, me te whakarongo ki tenei ako. Pita, o te akoranga, ko te upoko. i hanga hoki te whakangahau o te kuao kingi te "pa whakangahau", e, Papatūānuku tona "pūkenga whawhai", te whakaekenga a ope harakoa. Heoi, katahi ka mohio torutoru iwi e ko te reira mau tamaroa tākaro o tenei tamaiti rere a tawhio noa ki pū rakau me hoari, tohu te timatanga o rongonui, me te paoro o Pita kaitiaki.

He oti, kahore whakahua Aleksandra Menshikova tetahi whakaahua o Pita 1. tutaki ratou i roto i te wahi kotahi, i roto i te Faahuru-. Tama o te tane i roto i te tau e whai ake nei ka te ringa matau o te emepera, me tetahi o nga tangata tino kaha i roto i te kingitanga.

Miloslavskys tukipoto

Ngoikore me tetahi raru o te "pakeke" Tsar Ivan te Regent Sophia takoha tonu ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te autocracy tonu i roto i te whenua. E karapotia ana e nga rangatira o nga Miloslavskys hapu kaha, ko te rangatira i roto i te whakawhirinaki tonu e ka waiho reira taea ki te neke te mana. Heoi, i runga i te ara ki te torona ko Pita. I whakawahia ia e te Atua, me te kingi tika.

I roto i August 1689 faaoti Sophie i runga i te tukipoto i d'État, te whakaaro o i ko ki te whakakore a Pita, a ka mau te torona. Heoi, iwi pono kua fakatokanga te kuao kingi, a ka i ia ki te waiho i te Faahuru-, huna i roto i te Tokotoru-Herekiu Monastery. E kore te ohu i whiriwhiria e te tupono noa. taiepa Matotoru, waikeri me huna ana i te hauwarea atu mō te hīkoi Streltsov Sofi. He huaki i runga i nga tikanga katoa o te pūtaiao hōia i Sophia i kore te wa e kore nga tikanga. I tua atu, i te whakahau wahi musketeer whiriwhiri marietia ruarua, e kore e matau nei taha ki te whiriwhiri.

Wai no ki te whakatau ki te haere atu i te reira i roto i te Toru tahi-Herekiu? e kore tenei whakahua tetahi whakaahua hītori o Pita 1. I roto i te poto, ka tahuri tenei wahi i roto i ki te kia mate mo Sofia me te tino pai mo te kingi. tautoko rangatira Pita. hōia whawhai kaieke hoiho kahurangi me te hoia "whakangahau" me musketeers pono karapotia Moscow. I mau Sophia ka herehere i roto i te ohu whakapono, a i mahi i hoa katoa o te hapu Miloslavskys whakahekea ranei.

I muri i te matenga o Tsar Ivan Pita ka kapu te rangatira o te torona Moscow. Pea e whakaahuatia ue'i ia ngā kaupapa ki te whakariterite anō nui o te ara Russian katoa o te ora. Ko e mo'oni, māngai o te "ra tawhito pai" i roto i te mata o kaikopere me Miloslavskys ngana tonu ki te tango i te pae tino te kingi taitamariki, ue'i ia ki te wehi ta'oto e, rite to'utangata kī e peita i te whakaahua hinengaro o Pita 1, ka kitea i runga i tona mata, ka whaia i roto i te ua tata noa tona mate. Ahakoa kaipeita kite me te waihanga i te mea rerekē kaha, engari i te wa taua mata nui hoki te taimaha o te kingi. Artist Nikitin, Portrait o Pita 1, i te mea maere i roto i tona tapatahi, me te kore o te taputapu emepaea, hoatu noa tenei tangata kaha-mea tohe ki a kaha, engari hohonu fakamātoato. Heoi, e hehema ki "tango atu" o te kororia o Nikitin fakaangá, tautāwhi rerekē hoki te timatanga o te kāhua tātuhi rau.

Matapihi ki Europe - waho German

Ki te whakamārama o enei whanaketanga mea hiahia rawa taiao o te kuao kingi ki nga mea katoa Pākehā. E kore e taea e kore ki te mōhio i te tūranga o Kukui - Koroni German, i aroha ia ki te haere ki te Hiha. Nga Tiamana hoa, me to ratou ara tau o te ora tino rerekē i te mea i kite ai ia Pita i roto i te era o te taua Moscow. Ko, o te akoranga, e kore i roto i nga whare tau. ki tonu te Emperor i na te ara o te ora o tenei wahi iti o Europe.

He maha hītori whakapono e tenei toronga Kukui wahi i hanga he whakaahua hītori o Pita 1. I roto i te poto, te whakaaro pro-Western heke mai. kia kore tatou e wareware e pā ana ki teití, zavedonnyh kingi i roto i te rahui Tiamana. I reira ka tutaki ia te āpiha faatuhaahia o te Swiss Frantsem Lefortom, e riro te kaitohutohu hōia tino, a ahakoa Anna Mons - tino o te emepera tuatahi ake nei. Rua o enei tangata ei tautururaa faufaa rahi i roto i te hītori Russian.

Access ki te moana - he mahi rautaki

Pita atu a ake hiahia i roto i te kaipuke. whakaako rawa utua rangatira Tatimana me Ingarihi a ia nga tinihanga me tinihanga o kaipuke whare. I muri, ka e haere i te haki Russian mnogopushechnye tama'ii me frigates, e kore noa kotahi e rua ranei he matauranga whai hua o te mita o te pahi Pita. hē katoa me te faaipoiporaa i roto i te hanga, tautuhi ia ia. No miharo i huaina ai te Kingi-kamura. 1 Pita tino taea hanga te kaipuke i te kopere ki te kei ki ona ringa.

Heoi, i roto i tona tamarikitanga i Muscovy kotahi anake putanga ki te moana - i roto i te pa o Arkhangelsk. kaipuke Pākehā, o te akoranga, ka haere ki te tauranga, engari fakasiokālafi he tino Kāore mō ngā hononga arumoni nui te wahi (e tika ana ki te taonga kaipuke roa, me te utu ki Russia). I te toro tenei whakaaro, o te akoranga, e kore Poroshenko anake. Hoki te whai wāhi ki te moana, me ona matua i whawhai, te nuinga hua kore.

faaoti Pita ki tonu i te kaupapa Azov. Rawa e tīmata i 1686 tonu te whawhai ki a Turkey. Ko te ope, i whakaako ai ia i roto i te tikanga Pākehā, ko kua he kaha paoro. Kua maha ngā pakanga, kua tukua ki te pa o Azov moana. Engari muri i te angitu anake. Heoi, ka haere mai te wikitoria i te utu. He iti, engari hanga i taua wa ki te pa engineering hou kī maha ora Russian.

Ahakoa i kitea e te meka o hopu o Azov i Europe i rawa taetuí (no o te ōwehenga mate), ko reira te wikitoria rautaki tūturu tuatahi o te kuao kingi. Na tino nui - te mutunga riro Russia uru ki te moana.

whawhai nui Northern

Ahakoa te ore te huna ore o kaitōrangapū Pākehā, tīmata Pita 1 ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te moana Baltic. Ko te whiriwhiri i te faatere i taua wa tino āwangawanga e pā ana ki te hiahia tipu o tetahi ā taitama - te Swedish Kingi Karl XII. Ko te wahi tenei aha tautoko nga Pakeha te tsar Moscow i roto i tona titauraa ki te tiki i te wahi o nga whenua takutai Baltic ki te whakatuwhera i reira nga shipyards me tauranga. E au ra te reira i taua ki te whai e rua ranei e toru tauranga Russian ko reira taea ki te taea ai, me te tata te whawhai mo te Moana Baltic tino haaparuparu Sweden, e, ahakoa win Russian ngoikore, engari tino tuahu iho i roto i te tuawhenua Muscovy mohoao.

Heoi ka anga te Northern War roa. roa te reira i i 1700 ki te 1721, ka mutu ki te hinga ohorere o te ope Swedish i Poltava, pera me te whakaaetanga o te aroaro Russian i roto i te Moana Baltic.

reforomatio

O te akoranga, kahore huringa ōhanga me te tōrangapū nui i roto i Russia Pita 1 kore e hautopea roto i te rongonui "matapihi ki Europe". Faaapî mooni ara faufaa katoa o Muscovy. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te ope, kua riro e tona hanganga ai te reira i roto i te Pakanga Northern. kitea Pita nga rauemi mo tona ao hou me te whakahaere o te tauira Pākehā. A, ki te i te timatanga o te whawhai i te Swedes ki te mahi ki ngā waeine ta◊emaau fakatokãteline, maha te ioka, me te painga patu i te mutunga o te pakanga i kua reira te ope kaha Pākehā, taea ki te riro.

Ko te tuakiri e kore anake o Pita te nui, kua he taranata faahiahia o te rangatira, tukua ia kia riro he nui atu te whakaoranga. Ko te ngaio o tata ana tianara me ascetics - he kaupapa mo te kōrero roa, me te whai kiko ana. I runga i te itoito o te hoia Russian ohie titoa kōrero katoa. O te akoranga, e kore i taea e kore ope riro kahore te muri nui. mea akiaki e e hiahia hōia te ōhanga o te Russia koroheke, a kawea ana e ia ki tetahi atu taumata katoa. I muri i te katoa, i taea ki te whakatau tino nga hiahia o te ope tipu me te kaipuke nga whakarerenga iho tawhito. Tata nga whakaahua ora o Pita 1 whakaatu ana ana patu hōia taputapu hōia ranei. Artists utua takoha ki te Hiha tika.

Ehara i te ope kotahi

e kore e waiho oti Portrait o Pita 1 ki te te whakawhāiti tatou tatou anake ki te whakaora ōhanga me te hōia. kia utu i te emepera takoha ki te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga i roto i te rohe o whakahounga kāwanatanga. Tuatahi o te katoa, te faanahoraa o te kaumatua me te papa hei utu o tawhitotia, me te mahi i runga i te parau tumu o te kaihe o te Boyar Duma me whakahau.

Waihangatia e Pita te "Ripanga o rarangi" Kua ki rö te putanga o te nekeneke pāpori pera-ka karanga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, i hoatu e te Card Report te rave'a no te farii i te pai me te rangatira anake i runga i te kaiaka. i hanga, me te hautoa Huringa. Engari o koti huruhuru tawhito me pōtae boyars ware, e māngai Russia, i kua diplomats karere taumata Pākehā.

e kia oti Whakaahuatanga Pita 1 whakaahua, ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki reira anake i roto i te superlatives. E tano ia tapao e te hua whānui i roto i ka hāpaitia e Russia, e kore kua te ora o te iwi mau puta ke nui i roto i te whenua, a i roto i ētahi wā (hei tauira, te whawhai herea) kua riro kino. Life he serf ohie i utu iti iho i te ora o te hoiho. Ko ngā kite tenei i roto i te "ao" pae hanga o Pita. i patua e hanga he pa ataahua i roto i Europe mano o te iwi - St Petersburg. whakaaro tangata o te hunga mate, a ka i roto i te hanganga o te Ladoga Canal ... ka te rota o nga tangata taitamariki kihai i riro hoia, mate i raro i nga rangatira rakau, te whakauru ako i roto i ngā wae hōia.

Ko reira hoki he ta'etoka'i oti hoki te ora tangata emepera tuatahi, me te faaino, e whakairia ki a ia te tutu poauau me te maha nui o patunga ore. I tua atu, e fehangahangai matou wahi katoa ki tona patu meka-fakamamahi mahi o Pita 1.

I roto i te korero o tenei tangata e taea anake kotahi te mea e mea. Ko te kingi tuatahi o Russia kua kore faaatea ia ia i tona iwi i aua tawhiti, i tukua ratou ki nga rangatira o muri. He matua mano nga wa te hoariri i taea haehae reira motu. tika Tuhinga o nga wa Petr Alekseevich Romanov taea totohu i roto i kaipuke tia ore. A i roto i nga kaupapa hanganga ao, moe ia i roto i te taua pa ki te tūroro kaihanga, te ihupuku ki te hopu ma'i, i nei i te wa e kore i taero.

O te akoranga, tiakina e te matā hoariri Emperor pai atu i te hoia noa, i tukinotia e ia ki tākuta pai, a kahore pea ki mate i te rewharewha i nui ake atu i te kaiahuwhenua noa ia. Heoi, kia whakaotia tatou te whakaahuatanga o te whakaahua o Pita te mahara 1 te take mo tona mate. mate Emperor o kakā, riro nei te, te tiaki o te wai matao mawehe atu i te rohe kaitiaki hoia ohie Neva. Ko te meka ko, e kore e rite kite i roto i te rite ki nga meatanga o tona ora, engari e mea ana i te rota. Ko reira pea e te tangata i te hou "tiketike, me te kaha" Ko te ahei o te mahi taua ...