Project, 971 - he raupapa o-whakaaro maha submarines karihi: Whakatakotoranga

roa kua mua i te kaha a Tūrongo, matua o to tatou kaipuke, me te tikanga ki te haukoti i te hoariri pea. Ko ohie te take: ki kawe rererangi, e kore kua mua whakawhanakehia to matou whenua, ko nga tākirirangi pupuhi i raro i te wai, e whai ki te patu i tetahi wāhi i runga i te ao. Ko te aha ara i roto i te Soviet Union piri faufaa nui ki te whanaketanga me te hanga o ngā momo hou o mua. I te wa, ko te pakaruhanga tūturu nga 971 kaupapa, i raro i i hanga-whakaaro maha waka iti-haruru.

New "Pike"

I te tau 1976 ka whakaritea e te reira ki te hoahoa me te hanga submarines hou. I tukua te mahi ki te kamupene mōiriiri "malachite", kua i kiia tonu i runga i kaipuke karihi te whenua o. Āhuatanga o te hoahoa hou, ko e kua whakamahia tino i roto i tona whanaketanga wā whakahaere o "Barracuda", engari no te mea te wā o te hoahoa o tētahi ariā, me te maha tātaitanga kua haere, e tino heke te utu o te kaupapa ake, ka whakatere te mahi haere tonu i roto i tona anga.

I roto i te rerekē ki te "matua" o te utuafare 945, 971 kaupapa, i te mana'o tauturu o Engineers i Komsomolsk-i runga i-Amur, e kore e kia whakamahia i roto i te hanga o kuhunga Titanium. i tika ki te utu nui, me te scarcity o tenei whakarewa kore anake, engari ki te whīwhiwhi rahi o te mahi ki a ia tenei. Mau wahia te kaupapa taua taea anake "Sevmash", nei te mana, me te pera i tino utaina. Kua oti tonoa nga rakau ki te huinga tuatahi ... rite i hoatu maramarama mōhiohio e pā ana ki te momo waka ruku US hou "Los Angeles." No te mea o tenei kaupapa, 971 i kokiritanga ki te otinga.

Kua i roto i 1980 i oti ai. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga o hou te "pike" i i whakahaere te nuinga o te mahi i runga i to ratou hoahoa me te hanga i roto i Komsomolsk-i runga i-Amur. I mua i Shipyards Kiwa i roto i te tūranga o "e pā ana rawakore" ka mahi anake te mahi pononga.

Ētahi atu āhuatanga o te kaupapa

e mohio ana torutoru iwi e pā ana ki tenei meka hītori, engari i te timatanga o nga 80s hokona matou whenua i hua Japan Toshiba - ngā taputapu mīhini pū mō te whakarewa mahi, i whakaaetia ki te hanga pokekore hou, te whakaputa i te reo iti rawa. Ko te tauwhitinga ano i runga ngaro, engari te United States, i taua wa tata "muia" ako Japan e pā ana ki reira tata tonu. Ka rite ki te hua, ara ka haere te kamupene "Toshiba" i raro i aukati ōhanga.

Ngā mihi ki te pokekore, me etahi atu āhuatanga o te hoahoa, te kaupapa, 971 he kaukau te maere ata. I roto i te tuhaa maha ko reira he kaiaka Krylov, ko wai hoki te maha o nga tau i mahi i runga i tukupu ana submarines haruru, he wāhi atu i roto i te hanga o te "Barracudas". Whakahonoretia tautooraa academician, me te kore i te rōpū katoa o te Research Institute ahu e ia, kahore utu: kaipuke te Kaupapa, 971 "Pike-B" ngangau e rave rahi taime iti iho i te hou US "Los Angeles."

Wāhui o mua hou

i taea ki te whakatau āta tetahi hoariri submarines New, rite ratou patu patu, me tona kanorau miharo noa moremanov taukei. Ko te mea, ko te e te "Pike-B" i ki te whakangaro kaipuke mata me mua, ki te arahi i te waihanga o maina, whakahaere reconnaissance me te commando ngā marau ki te whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi motuhake ... I roto i te poto, meatia nga mea katoa ki te whakatika i te whakaahuatanga o "te waka ruku-whakaaro maha o te kaupapa, 971" Schuka- B "".

rongoā me ngā whakaaro auaha

Ka rite mea matou, i te hoahoa taketake o mua o tenei momo ki te whakarite tino. Ko te wāhi ngoikore anake o to tatou pahi hopu i roto i te rite ki o ratou ritenga Amerika ko te kore o te tātari haruru mamati matatini. Otiia i roto i te whānui, āhuatanga whawhai hou "Pike" ko ratou tonu kaha te iti. Hei tauira, i runga i o ratou ringa, ko "pamekaranete," te hou missiles anti-kaipuke e whakaaetia ki te tika ki te kikokore i roto i nui tetahi-te wai i runga whakarōpūtanga manuao.

Otiia i muri i te "oti te kōnae" 1980 "Pike" ka tonu te huinga o te tukatuka mamati "retireti 3" pokanoa, me te te pūnaha arata'iraa hou e taea ai te whakamahi o te missiles ipu tino matatau. Hoki te wā tuatahi tae reira te aunoatanga whānui taputapu me te whawhai i te mana patu, i massively whakatinana i roto i te hoahoa o te capsule pakū-ake motuhake mo te whakaoranga o te kaumoana katoa, kua pai nei kua whakamatauria e tetahi "Barracuda."

āhuatanga hoahoa

I tua atu i te waka ruku nui katoa Soviet o tenei piha haapiiraa, submarine Project, 971 whakamahia riro he mahanga-ara iahiko kua he matarohia. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu o "raro" pahi kua whakamahia whānuitia reira wheako o te poraka whatiwhatinga ruku tahi, tuku ki te mahi te nuinga o te mahi i roto i te whakamarie o te toa. Whānui whakamahia rite nga wae taputapu zonal, e i muri i te otinga o te tāutanga mā te tūhono noa ki ngā pahi raraunga centralized.

i pehea koe te whakahaere ki te whakaiti i te taumata haruru?

I tua atu ki te pokekore motuhake, e kua tamau matou whakahuatia, whakamahi tatou pūnaha cushioning motuhake. Tuatahi, kei te tāuta nga tikanga katoa i runga i motuhake "turanga". Tuarua, ia poraka rohe kua tetahi pūnaha o te hekenga uara. Ko te taea te kaupapa taua e kore anake ki nui whakaiti i te nui o haruru hangaia e te waka ruku, engari ano ki te tiaki anō te waka me te ruku waka i te pānga o ngaru ru hanga e pakū o utu hohonu. Na to tatou kaipuke, submarines, hoki nei tata tonu ko te kaha patu matua i kaha "tautohe" ki te mataku i te hoariri pea.

Ka rite ki mua hou katoa "Pike" Kua whakawhanakehia takere ki huruhuru tino Boole, e whare te pūnaha pūihi hihiani tōia. Āhuatanga huruhuru o enei poti ko e te hanga ai me te mea he hinonga kotahi ki te āhuatanga te mana o te tinana matua. meatia tenei katoa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te maha o koropiko taea. Ko te whakamutunga taea te whakaatu i te oko hoariri hydroacousticians e whai ake nei. Kua whanau enei mehua hua tika "te Pike" e whakaaro nga oko raro tino inconspicuous ki te rā.

Ko te āhuatanga o te waka ruku me waka

Mata displacement o te kaipuke, ko te 8140 taranata, raro - 10.5 mano taranata. Ko te roa mōrahi o te takere ko 110,3 m, he whanui mōrahi o 13.6 m. Te hohenga toharite i runga i te mata tata ki te tekau mita.

Nā ki te meka i whakamahia te papatipu he momo o rongoā mō te mana aunoatanga matatini reira i roto i te hoahoa o te kaipuke, i heke te waka ki te 73 iwi, whakaritea ki a US 143 ngā mema tāngata (i runga i te "Los Angeles"). Ki te whakarite tatou hou te "Pike" ki rerekē mua o tenei hapu, kua tino pai ake i te reira ora, me te mahi tikanga o te kaumoana. Na roto i te whakaiti i te maha o te muri, ko reira ano hoki te whai wāhi ki te tuu i te iwi i roto i rua o nga whanga tino tiaki (noho).

mana te tipu

Ko te ngakau o te kaipuke ko te piere ki te kaha o 190 MW. Kua titoa te reira i wha generators steam me te mīhini huri hiko, e whakahaere me te mechanization toutou tārua. Power tukua ki te take, ko te 50 000 l. he. Takahuri - semilopastnoy ki te wāhanga ngā o te matatahi, me te tere heke o te hurihanga. Ko te tere mōrahi o te kaipuke i raro i te wai, ki te iritihia ki mahinongofua uara "whenua" nui 60 km / h! Mämä noa iho, ka taea e te kaipuke neke i roto i te taiao mätotoru tere atu i maha parahutihuti hākinakina, e kore ki te whakahua i te manuao taimaha. Ko te mea, ko te e te takere kaipuke hangaia e te "matua" o mātauranga, me mahi maha i roto i te mara o te hydrodynamics.

Founga o te rapunga o kaipuke hoariri

Ko te miramira tūturu o hou te "Pike" Ko te matatini MGK-540 "Skat-3". e kore e taea e ia anake te tātari i roto i te pokanoa, engari ano takitahi tautuhi amo ngangau i te propellers o tetahi kaipuke. I tua atu, "Slope" taea te whakamahi rite te pāorooro tikanga ina haere fairways tauhou. Kua tata'i toru te whānuitanga rapunga o mua hoariri whakaritea ki whakatupuranga o mua o mua. I tua atu, i te "Slope" nui tere whakatau āhuatanga whāinga rapu me ngä matapae wa o whakapā.

He āhuatanga ahurei o tetahi submarine o Project, 971 ko ki te tāuta, tuku ki te kitea rau tetahi kaipuke mata ratou i runga i te wake. Ko te taputapu Tātaitia anaana i ia i roto i ngaru, ara he torutoru haora i muri i te wahi o te oko i roto i tenei tapawha, e hanga taea reira mo ngā rōpū o te kaipuke hoariri aroturuki puku i roto i te tango haumaru o ratou.

āhuatanga o ringa

E wha pere-tōkiri 533 mm mīhini ërä te ope a Tūrongo matua. Ko titiro nui atu faahiahia noa wha tautuhinga ërä 650 mm TA. Tapeke i runga i te poari e taea te waka ruku e ki runga ki te 40 missiles torpedoes me / ranei. "Pike" taea ahi missiles "Granat", me hoki "squalls" e rite whai hua i roto i te wai raro me runga ake. O te akoranga, ko reira taea ki te kopere torpedoes me hua tikanga i ngongo tōkiri maina aunoa e kua hoatu koe i roto i te tūranga puhipuhi.

I tua atu, mā te whakamahi i tenei submarine taea te whakaturia me te maina mua. Na ko te tino whānui te whānuitanga o ngā patu. A, no te whakarewa missiles ipu, ratou arata'iraa me te tautoko tango i te wahi i roto i te aratau tino aunoa, e kore whakaware te whakarongo o te waka i te raveraa i te tahi atu misioni. Aue, i roto i te 1989, i muri i te tino kino mo to matou whakaaetanga whenua ki nga Ameliká, e Kei mua o Project, 971 i runga i fatongia hōia, kahore te "pamekaranete" me "te tupuhi", rite taea enei tikanga o te whakangaromanga kawe te warhead karihi.

Ko te hiranga o "pike" mo te pahi motu

Ka rite mea matou, ko enei submarines te kaupapa motuhake tuatahi o nga shipyards Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, i riro tuatahi te raupapa kāwanatanga o taua whīwhiwhi me te faufaa. Marine C-284, kua riro nei i te tino nui o te raupapa, i whakaturia i roto i te 1980 me te wha tau i muri mai ka tomo te mahi manuao. I roto i hanga i roto i te hoahoa, ki te hanga tere whakatika iti i kīia ai e whakamahia ana ki te hanga submarines muri katoa.

Kua i roto i nga whakamātautau tuatahi o kaumoana me ngā mema o te Tāhuhu o Defence kua whakaahuareka e pehea tahuri atu iti haruru ki te waiho i te waka ruku. kia pai kia i tukua e ratou ki te korero ki te māia e pā ana ki te putanga o te pahi Soviet ki te taumata hou enei hua i. Ki te tahuri tenei i roto i rawa rite ki kaitohutohu hōia Western, e mohio te "Pike" he piha hou o patu, ka whakaritea ratou ki te Akula KarereHuna.

Nā ki ona āhuatanga o mua o Project, 971 e taea haere i roto i te korero antisubmarine hohonu rawa ki te tikanga paerewa o te rapunga oro. Homai nga patu kaha, te waka ruku e pai tu ake mo ratou, ara, ki te ratou rapunga.

Ahakoa i roto i te rohe o te ture o mua hoariri e ata noho, me te inconspicuous hoahoa, 971 e taea meinga nui te parekura ki te hoariri, tae noa ki te matā whāinga takutai o te whakangaromanga karihi. "Schukam" tino i runga i nga kaipuke mata pokohiwi me mua, me te te whakangaromanga o pokapū rautaki nui whakahau, ara, ki te kei matara i te rohe takutai.

Te tikanga "Pike-B" kaupapa mo to tatou whenua

Ko te taeraa mai o te submarine karihi o te kaupapa, 971 kua raruraru nga kāri katoa ki Ameliká. I mua e, tika whakapono ratou taruke tona mata ino te kaha i roto i te ao, me te kaipuke Soviet, i i te kaipuke mata tino iti, runga o ratou tohunga tino iti. "Pike" haere ano ki te taumata hou katoa o te tākaro. Ka taea e ratou te mahi i roto i te rangimarie ara i roto i hohonu muri rārangi hoariri, haere i muri i te raina ASW. I roto i te take o te unahi-tonu te whawhai ki te whawhai karihi i te wai he haumaru, kahore pokapū whakahau, a anake te whakairo tauine-tonu o nga ara moana, me te kore tatou e korero.

Tetahi hoariri pea ino i roto i enei tikanga tahuri ki te kanikani tairitenga i runga i te maina, a koutou anake e taea wareware e pā ana ki te pehipehi. US ārahitanga "Pike" (ina koa ake) Ko kaha āwangawanga. Kua i roto i 2000, ratou toutou ngana ki te wahi i te ture kirimana o te here kaha i runga i to ratou whakamahi, engari ngā ngākau nuitanga a Russia ki taua "riro-win" whakaaetanga kore e whai.

Whakarerekētanga me te whanaketanga atu o te kaupapa

I muri, "Pike" (Project, 971) toutou ake, rawa i roto i ngā o te puku pāorooro. Ngā rerekē i ētahi atu kaipuke, "toa" a "tarakona", hanga i runga i te kaupapa takitahi 971U. E tonu kitea i runga i te rārangi takere whakarerekētia ratou. Ko te whakamutunga i hohoro atu i te wha mita, tuku kīia hāngai oko mo te kitenga aronga me te tono whakaaro hou e hāngai ana te whakaiti i te taumata reo. Neke atu i te kotahi me te hawhe toni o nui haere displacement i runga i te mata, me te raro.

Kua puta ke te reira i tino me te whakato mana, e kai te tauira piere OK-650B3. i pera kitea e nga submarines whawhai karihi hou i roto i te pāpāho ke i iriirihia tonu ake Akula te huringa. E ai ki te kaupapa taua i tatou ki te hanga i wha mua, engari whakapumautia i roto i te mutunga nga shipyards i a tokorua o ratou i hanga anake. Ko te tuatahi o enei, te K-335 "Cheetah" i te tikanga hanga i runga i ngā kaupapa motuhake 971M, i whai wāhi te whakamahi o te whakatutukitanga hou i roto i te hoahoa o te ahumahi hiko.

ka whānui mō te kaiwhakatere uru mohiotia rite Akula II tenei kaipuke, mai rerekē reira i te turanga o te kaupapa i patu. Ko te submarine oti tuarua, K-152 ia "Nerpa", ano hanga e te kaupapa motuhake 971I, te tikanga tuatahi mo te riihi o te Navy Indian. Fele, "Hīra" he rerekē i to ratou "teina" te whakakī hiko tino māmā, i roto i nei i reira he kore wahi ngaro.

Ko te tauatanga o nga whakatupuranga

I te tīmatanga, i poti katoa o tenei raupapa taupū anake, e kore e rawea te ingoa tika. Otiia i roto i te 1990, ko te K-317 i "Panther." I hoatu te reira i roto i te honore o te waka ruku ko tonu te Russian Empire, i whakatuwheratia te whawhai tuatahi i roto i. I roto i te heke mai, ka "kotiro huritau" he waka ruku "Tiger" kaupapa 971. maoro, riro hoki submarines katoa o tenei hapu nga ingoa o ratou ake, i roto i te noa ki kaipuke iku'anga, te mua rite te wahi o te Imperial me Soviet Navy. Ko te okotahi anake ko Project, 971, "Kuzbass". I mua, ka karanga i tenei kaipuke i "Te Walrus". I te tuatahi i huaina ai i roto i te kororia o tetahi o nga submarines tuatahi o te Empire, engari i muri utua takoha ki te kaipuke Soviet.

Otiia kua riro te reira i te waka ruku tino nui tukuna i Sevmash. Ratou raupapa katoa ko waehere-ingoa "Reparo." Hoki tenei kaupapa riro tatou submarines katoa i roto i te uru o te īngoa "ngeru."

"Poluboevaya 'mahi

I roto i te fakaaoao NATO ki Serbia i 1996, K-461 "Wolf" i mau ana i runga i te ohipa whawhai i roto i te moana nui. i taea e ki te akatainuia tona wāhi i roto i te wahi o hydroacoustics American te Strait o Kāmaka, engari i taea ki te tiki atu i a ratou i to tatou tini. Anō-ite i te "Wolf" i taea tika anake i te rohe o Yugoslavia. I roto i tenei rōpū whawhai hipoki submarine kāinga kawe rererangi "Admiral Kuznetsov" i mahi pea o fakaaoao "hoa Western". I te wa ano, "Wolf" whakahaere aroturuki piringa ono submarines NATO, tae atu kaipuke kotahi i "whakataetae" Momo "Los Angeles."

I roto i te taua tau, i tetahi atu "Pike-B", i ko i raro i te whakahau a AV Burilicheva, kawea ana ki waho whawhai i roto i nga wai Atlantic. kitea SSBN waka ki reira te United States Navy, a ka puku haere tahi te kaipuke, puta noa i tona ohipa whawhai. Ki te i te reira i roto i te wa o te whawhai, te waka ruku American kua haere e ki te raro. mohio whakahau katoa maitai pai, engari no te mea Burilichev i muri tonu i te "misioni" i whakawhiwhia te Hero taitara o te Russian Federation. He atu taunakitanga o te mau huru whawhai nui me tetahi kaupapa poti puku, 971 tenei.

I te wā o te whēkau i roto i te moana ...

I te mutunga o Pepuere o te taua i roto i te 1996, ka tangohia e tino talanoa. Na tika puritia nui-tauine mahi manuao o NATO. kaipuke antisubmarine Warati anake wa ki te tiki i roto i te pa ki te whakahau me te pūrongo i te ngaro o te submarines hoariri pea i te tere o te tāruarua o te tira i ... He meneti ruarua i te kaipuke Ingarihi whakapā te rangatira o te waka ruku Russian. Na tata i mua i nga heramana Ingarangi heahea papa iho "hero o te take."

korerotia te waka e ko tetahi o nga kaumoana i roto i te huru nui e tika ana ki te pakaruhanga o te whēkau. I roto i nga tikanga o te angitu o te mahi ruku kore e whai, na ka mau te rangatira te whakatau inä o hoapā ki hoa ke. Te manawanui hohoro utaina ki Ingarihi, a tonoa he waka ki te hōhipera. Ua ite ratou i taua wa kua tika korerotia kaiwhakatere Ingarangi i runga i te ngaro o mua hoariri, he mea fifi ia feruri. He aha te ara ake ngā, kihai i taea e ki te kitea e ratou, ki te te raupapa tawhito kaupapa poti, 971! Mai reira, te "mango" kaupapa, 971 pai te faatura nui i roto i te Royal Navy.

tūnga o nāianei

I tēnei wā, he submarines katoa o tenei raupapa i roto i te rarangi, te taviniraa i roto i te-Kiwa me Northern Munuwao. Ko te runga ake-whakahuatia "Hīra" kei roto i te mahi i roto i te Navy Inia, ka, i raro i te kirimana, ka noho i reira tae noa ki 2018. Ko reira taea e muri i te mau Initia hiahia ki te whakawhānui i te kirimana, mai to ratou i nga huru maitatai whawhai o te waka ruku Russian meake marere.

Na roto i te ara i te korero, te Navy Indian "Hīra" huaina Chakra. Te mea faahiahia, ko mua te taua ingoa tangohia o te kaipuke o 670 "Scat", i te mea ano hoki i runga i te tikanga o te riihi kua mahi India i te wā i te tau 1988 ki te 1992. nga tangata katoa e mahi ana i reira, kua waiho ngaio pono, me etahi rangatira i te tuatahi "Chakras" whakatairangatia ana ki te admiral kua. Ko nga mea katoa i reira, engari ko te Russian "Pike" Kei te kaha whakamahia i roto i te mahi uaua o te ohipa whawhai, me te mahi i rite te tiai o te mana arii kāwanatanga o to tatou whenua.

I teie mahana, ina te timata i te kaipuke ki te ora i te 90, kua reira he kōrero e me hāngai te submarines karihi o te rima te whakatupuranga o te kaipuke rite i runga i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa, 971, kia rite ki te tamataraa o te raupapa whakahaere ki te whakamatau toutou ratou opuaraa. Ratou "Pike" kēmu i runga i nga tawhā o te submarines wha-whakatupuranga. He haamauraa autaki o tenei ko te meka e ratou toutou te tinihanga pūnaha SOSUS pāorooro rapunga, e i te wa i hanga te rota o raruraru ki nga kaipuke Soviet.