Pūkaha detonation tākirirangi: whakamatautau te parau tumu whakahaere, painga

Kei te oke ai Space tūhura e pā ana ki te waka ātea. Ko te ngakau o tetahi waka whakarewatanga ko tona pūkaha. Me whakawhanake e ia te tere rangi tuatahi - e pā ana ki 7.9 km / s ki te whakaora astronauts ki te ohuraa me te wāhi tuarua, ki te hinga te mara e kalāvité o te ao. E kore te mea ohie tenei, engari e rapu tonu pūtaiao mō huarahi hou ki te whakaoti i te rapanga. ka mau kaihoahoa o Russia te taahiraa anō ka i taea ki te whakawhanake i pūkaha detonation tākirirangi, i oti nei whakamātautau pai. Ka taea te huaina i tēnei paetae he pakaruhanga tūturu i roto i te mara o te engineering wāhi.

āhuatanga hou

He aha engines detonation He nui ngā tūmanako? E ai ki nga pūtaiao, ka kia 10 mano. Times nui atu i te kaha o ngā engines tākirirangi ratou kaha. I roto i tenei take, ka pau ratou nui iti wahie, a ka wehewehe ratou production iti-utu me utu-tōtika. He aha te mea te take?

te mea katoa i roto i te tauhohe wahie pitihāoratanga. Ki te whakamahia i roto i te hou tukanga missiles deflagration - puhoi (subsonic) parariraa o te wahie i te pēhanga tamau, mahi te pūkaha tākirirangi detonation tika ki te pahūtanga, detonation o te ranunga combustible. Kei te tahuna ana ki te tere paorangi ki te tuku o moni nui o te wera tukutahi ki te whakatö o te ngaru ru. whai wāhi whanaketanga me te whakamātautau o te putanga Russian o te pūkaha detonation i roto i te taiwhanga motuhake "detonation LRE" i roto i te matatini ahumahi "Energomash".

Ko te painga i o nga engines hou

whai wāhi Ako me te whanaketanga o engines detonation e i roto i pūtaiao o te ao ārahi mō te 70 tau. Ko te take matua ārai i te hanganga o tenei momo o te pūkaha ko te pātīmata māhorahora whakakeke o te wahie. i runga i te kaupapa hoki ko te mahi o te Mixing pai o te wahie, me te oxidizer, me te tuitui o te pupuha me rangi horomanga. Whakaoti enei raruraru ka taea ki te hanga i tētahi pūkaha tākirirangi detonation, e ka mau te wā rite ki i whakaritea mona. I roto i tenei take, pūtaiao karanga taua painga:

1. Ko te kaha ki te whakawhanake i roto i te tere subsonic me ngā hypersonic.
2. He okotahi ki te hoahoa maha ngā wāhanga neke.
3. Ko te taimaha o raro me te utu o te tipu te mana.
4. High pai thermodynamic.

Arumoni e hua tenei momo o engines. I whakamatauria tuatahi te reira i runga i rererangi iti-rere i roto i te 2008. pūkaha detonation mō ngā tākirirangi i tuatahi whakamatautauria e te pūtaiao Russian. Ko te aha homai tenei hui te pera nui faufaa.

Parau tumu o te mahi: tonu me te pākau i

I tēnei wā, kei te whanake pūtaiao tipu ki rerengamahi pākau i, me te tonu. hāngai ana te parau tumu whakahaere o te detonation o te pūkaha tākirirangi ki te mahi he pini ara iahiko kei i runga i te whakakī huringa o te ruma ngingiha mura te ranunga combustible me tona tukunga raupapa o ngā hua parariraa ki te taiao. Fakatatau ki, i te whangai tukanga mahi tonu o te wahie ki te whare moenga parariraa tonu, tahuna te wahie i roto i te kotahi, neke atu rānei ngaru detonation e tonu porotītiti puta noa te rere. Ko te painga o taua engines he:

1. He pātīmata wahie kotahi.
2. Te hoahoa ngā ohie.
3. Iti āhuatanga me ngā tautuhinga taimaha.
4. whakamahi More pai o te ranunga wahie.
5. Ko te taumata iti o te haruru, te wiri me te tukunga.

I roto i te wā roa, mā te whakamahi i enei painga, ka whakakapi wai tākirirangi detonation pūkaha mahi iahiko tonu tāuta ngā katoa e tika ana ki tona taimaha, me te rahi, me ngā āhuatanga utu.

pūkaha detonation Test

ka mau te detonation whakamātautau tuatahi o te tāutatanga motu wahi i roto i te anga o te kaupapa whakapumautia e te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga me te Pūtaiao. I roto i te i tukuna he tauira whakamātautau ki te pūkaha iti ki te diameter ngingiha ruma 100 mm o me te whanui o te hongere annular he 5 mm. kawea whakamātautau i roto i runga i te tu motuhake, whakaritea tawhā ka mahi i runga i ngā momo rerekē o te ranunga wahie - hauwai, te hāora, te taiao hau-hāora, pōwaro-hāora, me te pūwaro.

Whakamātautau detonation o te pūkaha tākirirangi i runga i te wahie hāora-hauwai whakamatauria e te huringa thermodynamic o enei otaota e 7% atu pai atu i ka te whakamahi i te tahi atu pūnaha. I tua atu, i whakapumautia experimentally reira e te whakanui ake i te nui o piki wahie tukuna, me te akina, me te maha o ngaru detonation me te auau o te hurihanga.

Ritenga i roto i te tahi atu whenua

Whakawhanake engines detonation i pūtaiao o te whenua ārahi o te ao. Kua tae nga angitu nui i roto i tenei rohe i te kaihoahoa i te United States. I roto i to ratou tauira, whakatinana ratou he tikanga tonu o te mahi, hurihanga ranei. E whakaaro ana te hōia US ki te whakamahi i te tautuhinga mō kaipuke mata. Nā ki te taimaha iti me āhuatanga iti i te kaha nui tukuna te āwhina ratou ki te whakapiki ake i te tōtika o te poti whawhai.

ranunga Stoichiometric o hauwai me te hāora te whakamahi i American engine detonation tākirirangi mo tona mahi. Ko nga painga o te taua puna mana matua ōhanga - ngingihatia hāora te rite nui rite i hiahiatia mo te hāora o te hauwai. Na hoki manuao kora e hāngai ana waro-, kei te haamau'araa i te kāwanatanga US rave rahi piriona tāra. ka whakaiti wahie Stoichiometric utu e rave rahi taime.

tohutohu Future me opuaraa o te whanaketanga

raraunga New whiwhi i te engines detonation whakamātautau, whakaritea te tono o tikanga auaha o kaupapa hanganga o te mahi i runga i wahie wai. Heoi, hoki te mahi o taua motors ka whai i te ātete wera tiketike e tika ana ki te nui nui o te wera tukua. I roto i te whakawhanakehia tēnei wā paninga motuhake, e ka whakarite mahi o te ruma parariraa i raro i tiketike pāmahana te rongo. He wahi motuhake mō te whakatü rangahau anō e te ranu upoko, i te tikanga o nei e waiho reira taea ki te whiwhi i te rahi tomu'a droplet o te rauemi wahie, me te kukū me te hanganga. E ai ki te whakatau o enei take detonation ka hanga engine tākirirangi wai hou, e ka waiho te pūtake mo te piha haapiiraa hou o tākirirangi kawe.