Pūnaha kūnatu: mahi me te hanganga

Ko tētahi o nga wāhanga tino nui o te tinana tangata - ona whekau pūnaha kūnatu. Tenei huinga o te whakamahere, ka whakaritea āhua, kia ai i taea ki te tango i te kai i tona rangatira te tino tika katoa pau hoki te ora noa. A i te wa ano i roto i te pūnaha kūnatu mahi taua "makutu" tikanga, e whakaora tatou i mate, tangotāoke paihana, a tae noa tukua ki a tatou synthesize huaora nui. Homai te faufaa o tenei okana matatini, he mea e tika ana ki te tango i te tiaki o.

A feruri i te mea ko te pūnaha kūnatu, nga mahi o te pūnaha kūnatu , rawa, e kore e waiho tautahi. Ka ako ano hoki koe e pā ana ki te mea he pono ki te kia meatia ki te whai mate gastrointestinal.

E tinana he wāhanga o te pūnaha kūnatu?

ngā o te pokapū me tari e whai ake nei i te pūnaha kūnatu:

• te mangai me ona repe salivary mema;
• korokoro;
• te rohe o te pū kai;
• puku;
• whēkau iti me te nui;
• ate;
• taiaki.

Next, whakaaro tatou te hanganga me te mahi o te pūnaha kūnatu. homai ana te ripanga i raro i te tirohanga whānui o te wāhanga o te wahi gastrointestinal.

Ki te titiro koe ki te hanganga o nga whekau o te pūnaha, kia tuhia te reira e te wahi kūnatu ko te roa ngongo o 7-9 mita. E kei ētahi o te repe nui waho te pūnaha o taiepa, me te whai ia kupu.

Ko te taa o tenei huinga o te whēkau e kua tāpae rawa kiato. toro wahi i te mangai ki te nono ki runga ki te 900 cm, engari uru ratou i roto i te tinana i te kaha ki te āwhina i te uaua o te ara kūnatu ki te hanganga o koropiko me whakaiti. Heoi, i to tatou mahi - e kore e whakarārangi anake nga whekau o te pūnaha kūnatu. Kua āta arotakehia matou nga tukanga katoa tango wahi i roto i ia o te wahi gastrointestinal.

kaupapa GI te tairanga o te mahi

Oral kōhao, pharynx me te pū kai e mau aronga whakamuri.

Na kia whai whakaaro poto tatou i te raupapa o wahi o kai i roto i te pūnaha kūnatu. tomo wāhanga matūkai te tinana tangata i roto i te mangai whakatuwheratanga. I tua atu, kia waiho te papatipu i roto i te korokoro, e whakawhiti te wahi kūnatu me te pūnaha romahā. I muri i te tono mai i tenei kāri ki te bolus iho te pū kai. Kokokiko, ka makuku ki huware, kai tomo te puku. Kei mana o te wāhanga whakamutunga o te pū kai i roto i te rohe puku: puku, iti matapo, wāhanga kopirua o te whēkau, me te mate pukupuku: ate, me te taiaki.

Ko te papatoiake, ko te whēkau tika. Te kai i roto i te kōhao kopu ko ngā wā rerekē i runga i te momo o ngā hua rānei, engari e kore e nui ake te wā i homai o te maha haora. I tenei wa, te-ka karanga kia tohaina i roto i te kōhao o te tinana te wai pekitīlia. riro wai Food, puta Mixing, me te horokai, i te reira. Moving atu, tomo te papatipu te whēkau iti. Here te mahi o whākōkī whakarato te whakakorenga atu o matū kai ki pūhui ohie e kua riro kahore uaua ki te bloodstream me tīpona.

Atu pokarekarenga papatipu wäriu i roto i te kōpiro nui, i reira te absorption o te wai me te hanganga o te nohoanga. I roto i te meka, he matū kore e i digested me kore e taea te whenumi ki te toto, me te tīpona. E nekehia atu ana ratou me te taiao o waho i roto i te nono.

He aha huware tangata?

I runga i te mucosa-waha, e haamata te raupapa o wahi o kai i roto i te pūnaha kūnatu, i reira e nui me te iti repe salivary. Nui ko te hunga e kua kei tata nga taringa, i raro i te kauae me raro i te arero. Ko te momo whakamutunga e rua o repe salivary hua he mea ngaro whakauru: huna ratou huware wai ranei. Ko te repe e tata ana nga taringa e taea ki te hua hūpē anake. Ka taea e Salivation e tino kaha. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakamahi o te rēmana wai e tu ki runga ki te 7.5 ml ia meneti.

Te nuinga o te huware he wai, engari kei reira whākōkī: amylase me maltase. rere ēnei tukanga nakunaku whākōkī kei roto i te kōhao-waha: tahuri amylase māngaro ki maltose, i te mea atu piri ki te kūhuka i te maltase. Ko te kai i roto i te mangai mo te poto - kaua e nui ake i te 20 hēkona, i roto i nei te wa te māngaro kua kahore wa ki te tareka tino. Huware tikanga kua rānei te tauhohenga kūpapa ranei paku kawakore. i roto i tenei reo wai hoki kei roto i te lysozyme pūmua motuhake, e he āhuatanga bactericidal.

A pee i te pū kai

anatomy pūnaha kūnatu o te pū kai e whai ake nei ngā waea mō te mangai, me te korokoro okana gastrointestinal. Ki te whakaaro koe i te reira i roto i te horopaki o te taiepa, e taea te mārama wehea reira ki toru paparanga. Ko te tau waenga he he uaua me ka taea e holomui. hanga ana tēnei kounga reira taea ki te neke i te kai i te pharynx ki te puku. musculature Esophageal hua motu undulated e whakawhānui ana i te tihi o te tinana mo tona roanga katoa. Ki te wahi o te bolus haere te kokoru ngongo reira ko te tuwhera o te sphincter o te puku.

pupuri ana tēnei uaua kai i roto i te puku, me te ārai i te reira i neke i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga. I roto i ētahi wā, kati ngoikore te sphincter te a taea papatipu digested akina ki te pū kai. puta Reflux, te tangata mana'o tokopā.

Puku, me te kūnatu ngaro

tonu tatou ki te ako i te tikanga o te pūnaha kūnatu. Neke atu i te te pū kai kia te kopu. Localization ia - hautahi runga maui i roto i te rohe epigastric. Tenei tinana - e kore e atu, hei toronga o te wahi kūnatu ki te taiepa muscled.

Te āhua me te rahi o te kopu ko tika ti'aturi i runga i ona tirotiro. tinana Pātea he roa o te 20 cm, te tawhiti i waenganui i nga taiepa -. 7-8 cm Ki te āhua ki te whakaki i te kopu, e whai e pā ana ki te 25 cm te roa, me te whanui - kia hoki rerekē 12 cm okana mauanga i runga i te tohu o te tini mea, me te rānei. rerekē te reira i 1.5 rita ki te 4 rita. A, no te horomia te tangata, te uaua o te kopu te whakakahore, ka pumau tenei pānga noa te mutunga o te kai. Otira ara, ka ko runga te kai, te uaua puku i roto i te āhua o te mahi. Ko te kai, ko te whenua, i reira he tona tukatuka mīhini me te matū i te kaupapa uaua. E turai kai digested ki te whēkau iti.

Roto te kopu kapi katoa te ki te membrane mucous ki te plurality o pleats, e kua kei roto i te repeure. Ratou mahi - ki te tohatoha nui taea o he inu kūnatunga. pūtau puku hua whākōkī, te waikawa pūhaumāota me te secretion mucoid. Bolus moe ki enei matū katoa he whenua, me te whakauru. Uaua, kirimana, whakatairanga nakunaku.

He aha te mea te wai pekitīlia?

wai pekitīlia ko te wai te huitahi ki te tauhohenga waikawa, e whakamārama te aroaro o te waikawa pūmāota. E toru ngā rōpū matua o whākōkī:

• protease (te nuinga pepsin) ki piri te pūmua o ngā rāpoi ngota polypeptide;
• lipase mahi i runga i te rāpoi ngako, tahuri ratou ki te waikawa ngako me te nonireka (i roto i te kopu waiu piri emulsified o kau ngako anake);
• tonu te mahi amylases huware i runga i te wāhinga o warowaihā matatini ki huka ohie (i runga i rite te bolus te tino moe ki waikawa wai pekitīlia, he inactivated whākōkī amylolytic).

waikawa pūhaumāota Ko te āhuatanga tino nui o te secretions kūnatu, rite arata'i te reira ki kaha pepsin paru, ki te whakarite i ngā rāpoi ngota wāhinga pūmua, pata, me te faaore microorganisms katoa. puta te nuinga tuku pekitīlia i roto i kai, me te pumau mo 4-6 haora. tukua Tapeke ia ra homai wai te ki 2.5 rita.

He meka ngā ko e te tau, me te hanganga o te wai pekitīlia tei runga i te kounga o te kai taumai. Ko te maha rawa o turanga ngaro mo te nakunaku o pūmua, te iti rawa - i roto i te absorption o te tangata ngako kai. I roto i te roto i te wai kaiao pekitīlia hauora he nui tika nui o te waikawa pūhaumāota, pae te pH i 1.5-1.8.

whēkau iti

A, no te whakaaro he aha e wahi o te pūnaha kūnatu, he atu ahanoa o ako tinana - te whēkau iti. wehea tenei pūnaha nakunaku Taketake i te pylorus pekitīlia me he roa tapeke o 6 mita. Kei te wehea te reira ki te maha ngā wāhanga:

• Ko te poto me te wehenga whānui 12 duodenum me tona roa, ko te pā ana ki te 30 cm;
• kōpiro tūpuhi āhuatanga e te hekenga o te lumen me te roa o te 2.5 m;
• ileum Ko te wahi tino kuiti o te kāri kikokore, tona roa ko te 3.5 m.

E tū ana te piro iti te i roto i te kōhao puku i roto i te puka o koropiko. I runga i te mua o taua mea hipoki te ki omentum me rerekë iti wahi kūnatu matotoru. Ko te mahi o te whēkau iti - te hokohoko o te tauhohe matū o ngā wāhanga kai, tona Mixing me te tuku ki te tari matotoru.

He te taiepa o te tinana te hanganga angamaheni mo wāhanga katoa o te wahi kūnatu me ngā o te huānga e whai ake nei:

• paparanga mucous;
• kiko submucosal ki initareti e raru, repe, waitinana me oko toto;
• kiko uaua, e ngā o te wä roa waho, me te ā-papa porohita a ineine therebetween he apa o te kiko tūhonohono ki oko toto me raru (paparanga uaua te kawenga mō te ranu me te neke haere te pūnaha kai digested);
• He maeneene me te moisturized serosa, ārai reira te waku i waenganui i te tinana ratou.

Āhuatanga o nakunaku i roto i te kōpiro iti

Repe ngā i roto i te hanganga kiko intestinal ngaro taratahi. tiaki te reira i te mucosa i whara, me i te mahi o whākōkī kūnatunga. kiko mucous hanga he plurality o pleats hoputika, a whakanuia ana tenei i te rohe momi. Ko te maha o hinonga raraunga heke ki te whēkau nui. I roto i te mucosa o te Villi whēkau iti me raorao hira e tokoni nakunaku.

Ko te 12 tari taiao ngonge kawakore, engari ki te hit heke reira te pH o tirotiro pekitīlia. Taiaki tau mahani kua i roto i tenei rohe, me tona bolus alkalizes ngaro, i roto i nei te kupu riro kūpapa. Ko te kupu, e inactivated whākōkī pekitīlia.

He kupu ruarua e pā ana ki te repe kūnatu

kua he repe tau mahani endocrine pūnaha kūnatu. Te repe taiaki secretes he wai rite kai he tangata, me te he ti'aturi i runga i te hanganga kai tona tau. Pūmua kai whakaongaonga te secretion o te rahi me meinga ngako te pānga ritenga. Tapeke ia taiaki ra hua 2.5 rita o te wai.

i roto i te kōpiro iti hoki tukuna reira tona gallbladder ngaro. I muri i te 5 anake meneti i te tīmatanga o te kai tīmata reira ki te whakaputa i mātātoa ate, e whakahohetia te whākōkī katoa o te wai intestinal. Tenei mea ngaro Ko haapuai hoki te kūnatu mahi wahi pūkaha, intensifies te Mixing me te kaupapa o te kai. Te tari 12 ngaungau e pā ana ki te hawhe o te pūmua kai me huka, me te he wahi iti o te ngako. I roto i te iti whāwehe whēkau enzymatic o organic pūhui puta, engari iti inarā, ka kōpako pūāhua absorption matua. puta te tino inarā tenei tukanga i muri i 1-2 haora i muri i te kai. nui te reira i te mahi rite ki te kaupae i roto i te kopu.

kōpiro nui - teihana nakunaku whakamutunga

Ko tenei te wahi mutunga o te wahi gastrointestinal, tona roa, ko te pā ana ki te 2 m. Ko te ingoa o te pūkete pūnaha kūnatu mo ratou āhuatanga kikokiko, a i mohio arorau e tenei wehenga kua te lumen rawa. iti te whanui o te kopirua te i 7 ki te 4 cm i te tari kopirua heke. I roto i tenei rohe i te rohe e whai ake nei te huna hoki wahi kūnatu:

• cecum, āpitihanga he, tāpiritanga ranei;
• e kake atu kopirua wehea;
• kopirua hake;
• heke kopirua wahi;
• kopirua sigmoid;
• tari tika, mutu nono.

tomo kai digested i te kōpiro iti ki te nui i roto i te kohao iti i roto i te puka o te wāwāhi tūnga whakapae. He vai te ahua o te sphincter takirere ki te ngutu i ārai tomo ki te kāri matapo ihirangi i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga.

He aha ngā tukanga tango te wahi i roto i te kōpiro nui?

Ki te te tukanga katoa o te nakunaku e i waenganui i tetahi, me te toru haora, te nuinga o te noho tohaina i roto i te puranga i roto i te kopirua. ai te reira i ihirangi whakaeminga momi whakatinanatanga o ngā matū, me te wai e tika ana, neke haere te ara, te hanganga, me te tango o feces. täkupu whaiaroaro Ko te rōpū o te kai digested i roto i te kōpiro nui i muri i 3-3.5 haora i muri i te kai. ki tonu ana tēnei tari te i roto i te ra, aru e tona ringiringi oti o 48-72 haora.

I roto i te kopirua reira he absorption o te kūhuka, waikawa amino, huaora me ētahi atu matū hua e te huakita i roto i tenei tari, me te nuinga (95%) o te wai, me te ngā electrolytes.

Ko te tangata o te wahi gastrointestinal

Tata ki te katoa whekau, me ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha kūnatu e nohoia e te microorganisms. te kopu anake kua he sterility (nohopuku) whanaunga e tika ki te taiao waikawa. Ko te tokomaha rawa o ngā huakita i roto i te kopirua he - ki runga ki te 10 piriona / 1 go o feces. microflora Normal o GI matotoru i huaina eubioz me whai wāhi nui i roto i te ora tangata:

• ārai te whanaketanga o microorganisms pathogenic;
• ariā o huaora B me K, whākōkī, hormones me ētahi atu matū whai hua ki te tangata;
• wāwāhi i cellulose, hemicellulose me pectins.

He ahurei te kounga me te nui o te microflora o tangata ia, a kei te whakaritea e rua ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te ā.

Tangohia tiaki o te hauora koutou!

Ka rite ki ki tetahi wahi o te tinana tangata, kia pūnaha kūnatu haria ki tini o nga mate. Kei te maha e pā ana ratou ki te hit i tukumate waho. Heoi, ki te mea he hauora he tangata me te puku mahi ia i waho te Rauna, katoa huakita kino e meatia ana kia ngaro i roto i te taiao waikawa. Ki te hoki etahi take kei te mahi tomuri te tinana, ka tata kia whakawhanake i tetahi mate, me te arahi ki hopearaa kino, pērā i te mate pukupuku o te pūnaha kūnatu. Te reira i katoa haamata ki te iti: rawakore kai tōtika, te kore i roto i to ratou kai pokepoke kai kaiota, waipiro me te fatty kai, paowa, te ahotea, kai ta'emafamafatatau, taiao rawakore, me te tahi atu āhuatanga kino āta whakangaro koutou tinana, me te whakapataritari i te whanaketanga o mate.

Ko ngā whakaraerae ki te mana kino i te waho pūnaha kūnatu. Heoi e kore e wareware ki te haere whakamātautau hauora i roto i te wā, me te ki te kōrero i te tākuta i te take o rahunga i roto i te mahi noa o te tinana.