Pūnaha utu National o Russia. Ture Federal "I te Pūnaha Utu National"

Kua te Pūnaha National o kāri utu Russia kua hanga e runga i te kaupapa o te ture Federal № 112 tuhia May 5, 2014. Ko te whakaaro o tona hanganga kaimahi ki te whakarite i te wātea, te whai huatanga me te haere tonutanga o te whakaratonga o ngā ratonga e pā ana ki te whakawhiti o moni. Whakaaroa atu pehea te pūnaha motu o kāri utu o te Russian Federation.

mōhiohio hītori

timata whakatūnga o te pūnaha utu National i roto i 1990. I te tau 1992 i tū ai whakataunga interbank ki ngā āhuatanga o sTP Card. I hanga pūnaha utu "Union Kāri" e 1993. Na roto i te 1999 piri ia 457 whakahaere pēke me o ratou pakihi. Kua tukua kaihoko neke atu i toru miriona kāri utu. "Golden Karauna" i hanga i roto i te mutunga o 1993. Na roto i te 2014, ka kawea mai tenei pūnaha utu tahi a tawhio 87 pareparenga e tukuna atu atu i te 8 miriona kāri. I roto i te Oketopa 1994, kua te Komiti Urungi kua hanga e. Ko te kaupapa mo tona whakatū no ki te Moscow GTU Bank o Russia. I hanga e te Komiti matua mo te kite wawe o ngā raruraru i roto i te mahi o whakataunga interbank. e tukua tenei ki te faaitoito mana whai hua i runga i te whakakorenga o mau fifi, me te whakarite i te utu o ngā whakaaro ki te whakahaere pēke e pā ana utu mōhiohio. Ka rite tetahi o nga mahi tino nui o te Komiti nāna te hanganga me te whakapai ake o te pūnaha kāri kirihou i Moscow.

Whakamārama o te hanganga

I muri te tātari i te wheako ao, ka haere mai University Hangarau Moscow State ki te mutunga e kua he faingamālie ahurei ki te whakamahi i mahi ao, rawa France, ki te haere i runga i te ara poto te Russian Federation. Hoki tenei whakaaro i tika ki te whakakotahi i te mau tautooraa o ngā rōpū pēke. kua kite Moscow State University Hangarau tona tūranga i roto i tenei tukanga i roto i te ruruku o te whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te pūnaha kāri kotahi i roto i Moscow. Heoi, te nuinga o nga whakahaere pēke nui rawa, kua he whatunga o manga kei roto i te rohe rerekē o Russia. A, no te e whiwhi pūnaha utu ngā te tauine motu.

rōpū mahi

Ka mau ia ki pūkete te āhuatanga o nāianei, GTU Moscow ki te hūnuku i te arotahi o ona mahi i roto i te tinana whakahaere o te Bank o Russia. ngā te Group Mahi o neke atu i te rua tekau ngaio. I tua atu ki te whakatika i te Bank o Russia e faahoho'ahia e te State University Hangarau Moscow, te Association o pūtahi pēke motu. I roto i te te mau melo o te Rōpū Mahi i te nui rawa, me te reunification. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ngā Sberbank, "Agroprom", "Inkom" SBS-Agro "me etahi atu. I roto i ngā mahi i te Group o Mahi me te ti'amâraa whangai. FAGCI. Ko te tinana matua i roto i ngā ine i te nuinga māngai o te kamupene kāri nama.

Ngā wāhanga o te mahi o te Rōpū Mahi

arotahi tautooraa tinana i runga i te whāinga e whai ake nei:

1. Whanaketanga o te tuhinga kaupapa o te Bank o Russia, whakarato tohanga me te whakamahi o ngā āhuatanga kirihou mō te hanga whakawhitinga moni i roto i te Russian Federation.
2. Whanaketanga o te Pūnaha Utu National.

I whakawhanakehia Documentation Project, ka tonoa ki te kaiārahi Russian o te Bank. I muri (i muri i te mutunga o nga mahi o te Rōpū Mahi) i oti, ka whakaaetia. Tenei tuhinga, ko te mahi tuatahi, whakaritea nei e te pūnaha kāri utu motu (NBTS). No runga i te pātai tuarua o te mahi kaha o te Rōpū Mahi haere mai i roto i te waenganui-1996. I tenei wāhi, ka tomo te tinana te wāhanga o te whanaketanga me te hanganga o te kaupapa whakamätau, i roto i nei i ki te haa pūnaha National o kāri utu. NBTS, kia rite ki ngā tohunga o te Fund Monetary World, e rapu utu $ 5 miriona. kia nui ki te whakatinana i te whatunga enei moni. I raro i nga ngā o te Fund Monetary o 50% o tenei moni i tohaina tika e ia, a kia kawea te atu hawhe Russia i ona puna. kamupene kāri nama, e te hunga reira i roto i te hanganga o te Rōpū Mahi i taua wa, i rite ki te moni 50% o te kaupapa. whakapumautia ratou o ratou reta whakaaetanga mōhiohio. Ko, rite kua whakaritea whakahaere o te Russian Bank ki te aro ona mau tautooraa i runga i te whanaketanga o ētahi atu wāhanga o te pūnaha utu ki waenganui-1996, i mutu te mahi o te tahi atu whēkau o te Komiti International me te tika i te Rōpū Mahi. tautooraa Mana Kua matua e hāngai ana ki te hanganga o ngā kaupapa mō ngā whakawhiti o moni nui me ngā mahi nuinga ki te moni.

2000

Ki timata pūnaha utu motu Russian ki te mahi, ko reira tika anga ture. I te timatanga o te whanaketanga kihai i ona kaupapa. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i roto i te tīmatanga o te 2000. whāngai te reira i te maha o ture. Heoi, i roto i te tukanga o te whakamanatanga i te ture i ngaro e rave rahi mau tuhaa faufaa. I roto i te wā i muri kei te kore e tu ana i te mahi o pütea te kaupapa. Heoi, i taea ki te tae te whakaaro e pā ana ki te hunga rite ka riro i te pai i te reira pareparenga. tukua mākete nui hiahia kahore whakahaere. mahia ana tēnei rāngai hua nui i kōmihana mo te whakawhitinga. I whakaae pareparenga Russian, i wehea te mākete i ngā pūnaha utu ao "Kāri Kaiwhakaako" me "Visa". Kua hanga e ētahi kamupene pūtea motu he rōpū mahi ngātahi. Kiritaki o enei pareparenga serviced ATMs rōpū katoa. whakaaro te rōpū nui rawa e "United Whakataunga Whatunga." Ko tā te reira i pā ana ki 100 ATMs o pareparenga.

pūnaha utu National o Russia: te taahiraa i muri

I roto i te 2010 kawea reira i roto i te whanaketanga o ture e hānga ana e hāngai ana i ture te whakarato o ngā ratonga terenga wai me te āhua. ngā ona tikanga ka tīmata e mahi pūnaha utu motu i roto i Russia, a ka ki waho kia rāhuitia te tukatuka o whakawhitinga kāinga. Heoi, ka whakatata e meka te aro o te US Embassy i Moscow. ka te reira i mārama e i roto i te take o te whakarerenga o te pire, kahore huringa ki "Kāri Kaiwhakaako" te kamupene o me "Visa" Ka ngaro mākete ki moni e pā ana ki US $ 4 piriona .. I tenei take i titoa te karere waea, ngā ki tiketike-rangatira pononga metarahi o Amerika. tūtohutia te kuputuhi o te kaimahi ki te tango i te rawa o te hui ki te hoa i te Russian Federation ki te whakarato i te pēhanga whakamutunga ki te huri i te pire. te kupu matou e whakarato i tētahi taurangi ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o kamupene American, tutakina te taea o te kino ki a ratou. I roto i te mahi whakaputaina riro ke ki te kanga ki runga ki tukatuka whakawhitinga kāinga ki waho.

Ture Federal "I te Pūnaha Utu National"

I whāngai te reira i roto i 2011. Federal ture "I te Pūnaha Utu National" whakaahua ana te whatunga rite te huinga o ngā tauākī, whakawhiti moni. E whakatakoto ana te Ture i roto i nga ariā taketake whakahaere i te whakarato o ngā ratonga. tautuhi te mahi normative nga ture e me whakahaere pūnaha utu motu. i hanga hanganga whatunga i runga i te kaupapa whakaturia atu i roto i te ture. Me ki i takoto tenei te tikanga i roto i nei ki te tiaki me te ruruku. Heoi, kihai i Ture whakarato mo te pūnaha o ngā kāri utu motu me te kanga ki runga ki te tukatuka o whakawhitinga Russian noa atu.

faaotiraa faufaa

i whāngai ratou i roto i 2011. Enei whakatau e pā ana ki te hanganga o te kāri hiko ao, kaitouo te whai wāhitanga i roto i te tukanga o ngā pūnaha ao "Kāri Kaiwhakaako" me "Visa". I te wa ano i fafauhia Sberbank kua ki te tango i mehua ki haamou i te "lobbyists o enei whatunga i roto i te mana Russian." Na roto i te timatanga o 2013 kua hanga e te Central Bank he rēhita o ngā. pūnaha utu katoa, te hunga mahi i roto i Russia kua hanga ki tenei turanga. I roto ia ratou, ko taratahi te hunga, i i te pāpori mahu'inga motuhake. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, i whakarōpūtia rite: Whakapā, whatunga "VTB" me nga Tiaki Bank, "Golden Karauna", "Kāri te Kaiwhakaako", "Visa".

2014

I roto i te Maehe o taua tau, whakaritea aukati te US ki Russia i te hononga ki te whakaurunga o te whakamutunga o te Crimea. "Kāri Kaiwhakaako" me "Visa" mo te wa tuarua i roto i te hītori o ngā ratonga kāri mutu he maha o pareparenga kāinga i roto i te tahi mau ATMs me ngā o hoko o te whatunga ao. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ano ka whakatika te pātai e pā ana ki te meka i roto i Russia reira kia he pūnaha utu motu. Me Russia ona whatunga ake, motuhake o te kāwanatanga o whanaunga i roto i te ao. I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka whakarewahia te faaineineraa o te maha o whakatikatika ki te ture whāngai. i ratou ki te whakahaere i ngā mōhiohio, me te hanganga o te tukanga katinga whakawhitinga moni moni i roto i te Russian Federation. tikanga o tēnei e te mahinga, me te whakahaere pokapū - kia whakanohoia tika i runga i te rohe o te whenua - te kaupapa o te Pūnaha Utu National. I te wa ano, whakarato te Ture mo te kanga ki runga ki te whakarato o te whai wāhi me te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio ki whenua ke ki te mōhiohio i runga i ngā whakawhitinga kāinga i roto i te Russian Federation. I te mutunga o Maehe 2014 ka anga reira kaha aparau i te whakatinanatanga o te mehua e tika ana. whakaaetia te peresideni V. V. Putin te hanganga o te National Pūnaha mā te tono wawe tonu ki te puta ki tona whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga.