Rārangi o āhua kotahitanga: te āhuatanga pūrere o whenua rerekē

I roto i te tangata i reira e neke atu i te 200 fenua e tuhaa fenua ririki. E ratou rerekē ngā pūnaha tōrangapū, rerekē i roto i te rohe, ahurea, me te ora rā o te taupori, me te faatura ki karakia. Ko te rerekētanga matua i roto i nga whenua e tika ana ki to ratou wae whakahaere, me te rohe. I runga i tenei kaupapa e wehea nga āhua katoa ki kotahitanga, hānga confederal ranei. Ko te moni nui rawa ko te kāwai tuatahi.

Ko te ariā o te āhua kotahitanga

I roto i te tikanga whanui, te pūrere kotahitanga ite te puka o te whakahaere motu-kāwanatanga o whenua i roto i nei wahi katoa o te whenua ko raro i te mana o te pūnaha o te kāwanatanga. toro hoki te rohe ki te pūnaha o ture, takoha me mau ohipa, kahore ngaahi monū me whakawāteatanga.

Unitarianism - tetahi o te 3 ngā momo o te hanganga whakahaere me te nuinga o "rongonui". I tēnei wā, ko te rārangi o āhua kotahitanga, i reira e 85% o nga whenua katoa me rohe i roto i te ao. Ko te whenua matamua i roto i te ao (Europe, Awherika me Ahia) i te whakahaere whakahaere. Ka taea te piri te reira ki paerewa, te Ture (Poland, Spain, Kariki, Portugal me pera i runga i.) ranei noa Poiete.

Momo o āhua i runga i te mana o ngā waeine whakahaere

Tei runga i te hanganga o nga rohe katoa o te whenua kotahitanga wehea ki ngā momo:

1. Simple - hanga i te āhua e ake o ngā rohe ki te mana kotahi. Hei tauira, ngā o 27 kawanatanga rite, ia o nei te roherohe a takiwa, me te hunga i roto i te tahuri ki ngā rohe Ihipa.

2. matatini - ki te reira ko te wahi o tetahi atu ranei wae rohe ki tūnga motuhake. I roto i tenei mana motuhake e taea e whakahaere (tetahi atu reo hoki kōrero me te tika) ranei tōrangapū (te tika o lawmaking i roto i te rohe). Tino maha ngā wāhanga o te whenua i rite te mana, a ko te rohe whakapaipai i roto i te tūranga motuhake (Indonesia).

I roto i te āhua kotahitanga ki te pūrere matatini - Spain, Tajikistan, China, Denmark, Finland me etahi atu.

Ngā momo o āhua rite ki te tikanga o te whakahaere o te mana

I runga i te pūtake o te whakahaeretanga o te whenua o te hunga e whai ake nei:

1. centralized - kāwanatanga e hanga e i roto i te kotahi ara, kei roto i te aroākapa tino me te subordination, mahi i roto i tona mana. I roto i enei āhua Katatānga, Peraruhia ko China.

2. wehenga - tinana e mahi pōtitia i roto i te hononga o te mana o enei whenua (rangatira) me reira he kore tirotiro whakahaere i runga i te kāwanatanga tarutaru-pakiaka. I roto i te āhua kotahitanga o tenei momo o te mātauranga, ko te āhua nui - Sweden, France, Denmark, Italy me etahi atu.

3. Mixed - te whenua he pūnaha whakahaere centralized, engari i roto i te tahi mau rohe ki te mana motuhake e pōtitia rangatira mana ranei.

Tauira whenua Ariki ki te pūrere kotahitanga

i te ao kë nui hanganga e hānga ana (Russia, USA), engari ko te maha nui o whenua ki öhanga tino whakawhanakehia, e whai wāhi nui i roto i te ao te ao, ano i te taua whakahaere. I roto i te rau tau XXI te rerekē haere tonu te rārangi o āhua kotahitanga, tāpiri i te mau melo hou. Hei tauira, puta āhua o Kosovo te mutunga o stoleniya whakamutunga, a i roto i 2014 whakaritea DNR me LNR.

I tēnei wā, ko te maha o nga whenua ki te pūrere kotahitanga i ngā wāhanga o te marama tohaina e whai ake:

I roto i te āhua kotahitanga kia arotahi ke Europa i runga i te whenua papaka pera-ka karanga (Monaco, Luxembourg, San Marino, Liechtenstein). Ko ratou ano kotahitanga, me he tokomaha e whakapono e kore ratou mahi wehenga-rohe. e kore te mea katoa pono tenei, mai Monaco - he tokamāhurehure tāone, te hua i muri i te hanumi, o wha takiwa. Ko te rohe whakahaere o te wāhi penapena i roto i te rau tau XXI. I roto i San Marino (he wāhi o 61 anake sq. Km) i reira e 9 rohe, ka karanga "Castelli". Luxembourg, i roto i te tahuri, wehea ki Cantons.

Rārangi o āhua kotahitanga, me te hānga kua 199 ngā tūranga (171 me 28 aua), engari i raro i te mana o mōrearea tōrangapū, me te ōhanga o te tau tata nei i roto i tenei rārangi, no te huringa ka taea.