Overview o ngā pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga

He mea paihere katoa mahi a te tangata ki te whānuitanga o ngā whaiaronga mōhiohio me ngā pātengi raraunga. Te rēhita Library, Pukatuhi, wāhitau i runga i tou waea pūkoro papa ranei - kahore he he rārangi tino o ngā mōhiohio hanganga, e whakamahi tatou tenei. Ko rorohiko rite pū, na hoatu matou te whakamāramatanga.

Ko te kupu, he pātengi raraunga (DB) - he huinga o te raraunga pānga arorau e whakaahua ana i te āhua mōhiohio o ngā i roto i te ngā wāhi kaupapa, me te tukatuka i te taputapu rorohiko.

pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga ko te taiao pūmanawa me te reo mo te hanga, te whakahaere me te tukatuka turanga mōhiohio. Vahe pātengi raraunga:

• Mahi ki te turanga i runga i te waho (kōpae, rïpene, aha ...), me te RAM;
• Te faaiteraa i kaiwhakamahi;
• huri mana, whakapūranga me te whakaora pātengi raraunga;
• whakarato wāhi ki te reo tukatuka mōhiohio ;
• taputapu mo te hanga, whakarerekē, me te whakahaere pātengi raraunga.

Mämä noa iho, te pātengi raraunga whakatau te tikanga o te rokiroki, me te pātengi raraunga whakarato te tikanga mō te tukatuka. I tua atu, kei te wehea pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga ki te pūnaha whakamahi whānui e taea te hapai i te momo o ngā raraunga, me te mātanga hangaia mo te wāhi kaupapa motuhake momo o ngā mōhiohio ranei. He tauira o te pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga motuhake, he ahanoa-hāngai.

Pūnaha Whakahaere Pānga

Mai te haerenga mai o pātengi raraunga rorohiko i reira kua maha tauira o ratou mahi, engari ko te tauira tūhonohono te ao tino. Ko te huinga e pā ana o ngā ripanga mōhiohio, te whakapūmau i te tapatahi, me te hapanga iti o te mōhiohio. i hāngai ki te nuinga o ngā kaupapa tauira Ripanga, me te mākete, ko te timata i te pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga tūhonohono ki te whakawhanake tere. E whakaatu ana te ahua i te tauira o te hanganga tūhonohono o "turanga o ngā ākonga."

tautoko DBMSs tūhonohono katoa paerewa reo ANSI SQL me nga mau parau tumu o te tauira tūhonohono, e āhei tono ki te whakahaere i runga i pātengi rerekē. I tua atu, ngā pātengi raraunga nui i to ratou ake tāpiritanga toronga SQL. Tauira o te whakahaere pūnaha pātengi raraunga mō ngā kaupapa nui-unahi - ko tenei Tūmau SQL Microsoft me Oracle.

Ko te tauira tūhonohono pai whakamahia i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa Ipurangi. Tauira ko MySQL pātengi raraunga, me te PostgreSQL.

hangarau NoSQL

Ko te hua i roto i te pukapuka raraunga me te matatini o te hononga kua arahina ki te putanga o ngā pūnaha hou whakahaere pātengi raraunga. Kua mutu Information ki te kia motuhake o ia atu, a ētahi wā noa e taea ki te tino whakaahua tona hanganga. kore e taea e pātengi tūhonohono akakoromaki i taua mahi. Kua arahina tenei ki te putanga o te momo hou o pātengi raraunga mōhiohio me ngā pūnaha whakahaere, ngā mohiotia rite NoSQL ( «kore SQL»).

Ko te kāwai matua o te pātengi raraunga NoSQL:

1. "Uara Key". Ko te pātengi raraunga tino rongonui - Redis, Voldemort, Tokyo Rünanga me Dynomite.
2. Iramate pātengi raraunga BigTable. I whakawhanakehia te reira e Google mō te whakamahi search engine ā-. mana BigTable E kore te tapaea reira, engari i reira he he pātengi raraunga i runga i tona pūtake. Te reira i Hadoop, Hypertable ko Cassandra.
3. Tuhinga-hāngai. Ko te tino rongonui Berkeley DB XML, MongoD, te tīariari ko CouchDB.
4. I runga anō i te turanga o te kauwhata ariā. Whakamahia i roto i te Neo4j, tamariki graphDB ko AllegroGraph.

heke mai o te DBMS

Market pūnaha whakahaere pātengi raraunga tūhonohono tonu ki te tupu me te nui noa atu te hinaaro ki te whakamahi i NoSQL-hanga. O te akoranga, i roto i te "SQL matarohia» hokona he nui nui o ngā pūnaha pūmanawa o rerekē whīwhiwhi, a mo ratou i reira e pera roroa mākete rite Microsoft me Oracle. Otiia ki etahi tino e nehenehe e tatou amo e NoSQL i te tau e haere mai ka e taea ki te tino te pana i te feia faatere i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha mōhiohio matatini.