Rererangi kawe "Midway": te āhuatanga matua, patu. kawe US

kawe rererangi - nga kaipuke nui e tohu i te mana hōia o te kāwanatanga. Ka tiko - te kawe rererangi, i ko i te rarangi o te hōia, me te Navy US mo 47 nga tau. mahi flawlessly te kaipuke, ka whai wāhi Amerika i roto i te pakanga Vietnam. I roto i te 1992, i mahue ia i te kawe kaipuke US Navy, a ka tahuri ki te kaipuke whare taonga i roto i te rima tau. I teie mahana to tatou he titiro i tenei kaipuke nehenehe, tona hītori, pūrere, patu, me te tokomaha atu meka ngā.

History o hanga

I runga i te hanganga o te piha haapiiraa hou o kaipuke o te kawe kaipuke US Navy kitea i roto i te mutunga o 1941, i muri i te whakaeke Japanese i runga i Pearl Harbor. Hoki te wa, te kāwanatanga US me te whakahaere kaipuke kihai i taea e tae i te whakaaro i runga i te momo hou o kaipuke. Franklin Roosevelt ki Admiral Ernest Kingi whakapono e ki te hiahia hanga kawe rererangi iti. Na, tohe Admiral Chester Nimitz i te hanga o kawe rererangi ki te displacement o te iti rawa 45 000 tana. I te pae hopea, i taea ki te riria te whakahaere Nimitz, a i roto i Hakihea 1942, whakaaetia Roosevelt he kaupapa ki te hanga i kawe rererangi e rua ki te displacement o tika i runga i 40 000 tana.

I roto i te Oketopa 1943, i roto i te takiwā o Virginia i whakatakotoria rererangi kawe CV-41. roa Ko tōna hanganga 17 marama. I roto i te Maehe 1945, te whakarewa nui o te kawe rererangi hou, kai wawata mo te kaipuke US Naval.

matua

I mua i reira ko te kawe rererangi "Midway", ko te tino maha, me te kaha kawe rererangi American piha "Essex" kaipuke. "Midway" riro i a ratou etahi o nga āhuatanga: te kaupapa rāhui, me te te elevators tahora manureva me "motu". Ki te whakaaro ki te rerekētanga waho, te nui te nuinga o ratou ka te tumere nui, me te whakairo, kihai i nei te "teina nui".

hoahoa

Ko te huahua tuatahi o te kawe rererangi taimaha, i kotahi mahara ki te whakakapi i te "Essex", i whakawhanakehia i roto i te o 1940. Ko te whanaketanga i roto i te tārere tonu, ahakoa te meka e tae noa 1942 i pai nuinga ki nga opuaraa o te hanga i te kaipuke nui. Kei te kaha te awe te whanaketanga o tenei kaupapa i te mau ohipa o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao. Te tautohe kaha i roto i te manakohia o te whakanui ake kaipuke rahuitanga ko te kaipuke te mate "Glories" me te whawhai o Midway (konei te ingoa o te kawe).

Mai te mana te kaipuke hou he nui matua pai, ka haere ake ki te whakarōpū motuhake hoki reira. Rererangi kawe piha haapiiraa i faataahia CV-B, i roa noa 1952, e kore kua ano puta atu kawe rererangi hou te United States, e arahina ki te hiahia mo te whakarōpū hou.

hanga

Hanga he kawe rererangi "Midway", neke atu i te totoka e nei āhuatanga, i roto i aua ra e kore i te mea ohie noa mo te iwi whakawhanakehia rite Amerika. Kei te pai ngā waka reira mo te hanganga o kahui maroke, i he ka iti rawa. Ko Waimarie, i te wa o te hainatanga o te tuhinga mo te kaupapa o te kawe rererangi taimaha ki whakawātea te whare, kihai nei i i tangohia e tuu i te hanga o tama'ii "Montana."

Rererangi kawe ki taupū CVB-41 i faaue te kamupene pahi nui Newport News mua. Ratau, te ingoa "Midway," i homai te kaipuke anake i roto i te ngahuru o 1944. Ki a ia ko te piha o te taua ingoa e rua atu oko, "Franklin D. Roosevelt" rererangi kawe "Koral Si". I rite i roto i te 23 marama i muri i te tohuwāhi te hero o to tatou whakahaere. ka rererangi kawe "Midway", te roa o te mea rite nui rite 295 mita, he paetae American. I taua wa i whakaaro ia te kōwae e kore e anake tino kaha whawhai, rite ki te mahi i roto i tetahi tikanga, me te mahi pono o te toi. Ko te wā ki te ako, kia e kua mahia ki te kawe rererangi "Midway" na nui faatura.

tiaki

Rāhui kawe ngā whitiki patu me papanga Armoured toru. I tua atu, ko reira ki te pukapuka i ētahi o ngā wāhanga rohe. I tiakina Flight rahoraho apa patu 87-mm. I tua atu ki te whakapae, i mau ana i te kaipuke he tiaki poutū rawa totoka. rite rawa te kawe rererangi i ki te whitiki Armoured 193 mm o, e kore e e tupu ano i roto i kaipuke o tenei piha. Ko i konei i reira e te tahi mau onäianei. I roto i te hanga o te Tuhinga faahiahia o te oko i runga i te taha ki matau i kitea ai, na ka ora taua te patu 193-mm anake i te taha ki matau. I te taha ki maui i heke ai ki te 178 mm, me te pai tapahia ki te raro ki runga ki te 76 mm o.

Ki te whakaaro ki te runga ake te whitiki patu matua, kahore he raraunga pono. I roto i tetahi putanga, te matotoru 50 mm o te whawhai, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - anake sheathing 30-pauna. katia te whitiki e i roto i te traverznyh whare kingi i roto i bulkheads 160-mm. I tiakina pouaka urungi taputapu i te whawhai: i runga i te taha - 193 mm; mua, a muri - 160mm, te runga - 127 mm, me raro - 63 mm. hipoki te pourewa conning i e 165-mm patu i runga i nga taha, me 87 mm - i runga i runga. Kua taura pūnaha mana matua kopakia ana i roto i te putorino 102 mm i roto i te matotoru.

peia mahi

Ko te pūnaha toko o te kaipuke ngā o wha engines turbozubchatyh "Westinghouse", i hono nei ki te Coppers tatini "Babcock Wilcox Whakamutunga." i timataria ai Motors wha 5.5-mita takahuri fungal i te tere huringa o 200 rpm. 10 mano taranata o te wahie he kaipuke ngaro e pā ana ki 15 mano maero. A, no te hoahoa whakaritea ki te tiki raro kohi wahie, engari kawea te kikī patu e pā ana ki ngā rerekētanga. ko nga kohua i roto i te mua me aft wahi o te kawe, i roto i compartments kaimono. Power whakato nohoia te katoa o 26 compartments. I runga i te ringa kotahi, e faarahi te reira i tona ivi, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - ratonga uaua. Ake nei e kore kua he kaupapa taua i tono view o te tiaki uaua.

tere kawe i 33 knots, i taua wa ko e tika tohu pai noa i roto i te rite ki iti oko whānui. Ko reira taa'eraa e torohaki te kaipuke, me te māngai o te "Essex" piha pai-i pupuri. Tohu o tenei ko te haere 4452-maile, i hanga e ia i te tere toharite o te 32.5 knots.

taputapu pŭpŭ tauturu

Ko te matua rererangi taputapu hangarau rua catapults oko maitai, e toru whakaara me te torutoru finishers. Waihoki rawa ki te hou (i te wa, o te akoranga) putanga o "Essex". I tua atu, i te kawe rererangi "Midway" rite rawa ki te pūnaha mo te tamaa, me te tukunga patu rererangi. Catapult H-MK-IV-1 i roto i ara piri tere toa elongated o 145 km / h. Hei tāuta anō i te catapult noho 60 anake hēkona. Ka rite ki hoki aviafinisherov, mutu ratou 13.5-ton rererangi e rere ana i te tere o te 90 maile / haora. E rua elevators waka rererangi āhuatanga o 16.5 / 14 m me te kaha e mau ana o 12 taranata whakanohoia ki runga ki te rahoraho. Onboard ara ko reira kua wha mita, a whakanohoia ake ki te 8 taranata.

ngā Vehicle Power 8 turbogenerators AC mana 1250 Kw ia. Mains ngaohiko Ko 440 generators V. tāuta i roto i compartments kaimono pātata ki te muri o te wehenga kōhua. I roto i te tua, he rua o compartments taratahi tūnga generators diesel whawhati tata ki te kaha katoa o te 2850 Kw. Ka rite ki te hua, kua tae te katoa te kaha o te kawe rererangi he record tiketike - 12 850 Kw. He rua o ngā tipu desalination ki tino whakarato te kaipuke ki te wai mō te kōhua, me ngā hiahia kāinga.

habitability

rererangi kawe kaumoana ngā te kaipuke e kore anake, engari ano hoki ngā kaimahi rererangi. E ai ki te mahere i roto i 1943, te maha o te waka i ki te hanga 3443 te tangata. O enei, 2112 (2006 heramana me 106 rangatira) no ki te kaipuke, a ka 1331 iwi - ki te kaimahi rererangi. I tua atu, i te riro 140 wāhi tārua, i roto i te take te oko ka riro i te tino nui. E ai ki te kaupapa i hangaia te kaipuke ki ake ara wahi ki te karo i noho apiapi. Heoi, i te tau 1947 ko te waka kua 4100 iwi, nei ora tikanga i mahue nui ki te e minaminatia. Heoi, e opurua i te wa i tukua e kawe US katoa.

rākau

rite rawa te kaipuke i ki te pu kaha tino ake whakamahia i runga i te kaipuke rererangi-mau ana. I roto ia ratou i 18 pu 127 ërä, 21 - 40 me 28 - 20. Carriers pērā i "tiko" tino rerekē i te kawainga i roto i ngā kōmata ringa. Engari o pū 127-mirimita ki te roa oko o 38 calibres, riro oko hou te repo 127-mm MK-16. I whakawhanakehia ratou mo te tama'i "Montana", nei hanga kihai i tangohia e wahi. I whakaturia te pu ki te tāutanga pourewa kotahi a i te mahi whakamīharo. Rererangi kawe "Midway" ko anake te kaipuke i riro te MK-16 pū. I muri mai i tāuta ratou i runga i nga kaipahua Japanese "Murasame", engari ko te reira i te pu tangohia i "Midway" i roto i te akoranga o te ao hou, i roto i te 50s.

Hoki oko korero tata rawa te chetyrehstvolnymi "Bofors" 40, me te kotahi-oko "Oerlikon" 20-ërä. I te wa o te urunga ki gunnery manuao US Army whāngai he-kawe kotahi i 18 me 21 tāutanga chetyrehstvolnuyu.

rōpū rangi

Mai 1945, whanau te kawe rererangi te whawhai Chance Vought F4U Corsair. E rua tau i muri mai i runga i te poari ka whawhai Grumman F8F Bearcat me te Grumman F8F Bearcat. I roto i te tīmatanga o te 60 o runga i te kaipuke ka puta seti Grumman F9F Panther. I roto i te 1956 tīmata tona mahi runga taua kawe rererangi: F3H Demon, Vought F-8 Crusader, Douglas A-3, me te 4 Douglas A-Skyhawk. Ko te whakamutunga i roto i te 1970, i whakakapia i runga i te A-7 Corsair II.

I roto i te 1965, whakakapi katoa e whawhai hou - McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. I roto i te 1986, i whakakapi ratou e waka rererangi F / A-18 Hornet. I roto i te tīmatanga o 70 o onboard taraka te tamaa, me te rererangi tomo Grumman A-6 rāwaho. Runga te kawe rererangi mahi ano rite te toparere SH-2 Seasprite, i i whakamahia te nuinga mo te tiaki o te oko, me te utanga tuku. Kua mahi ia i roto i nga wahi te wahi kihai i reira taea ki uta ki te tauranga. Ka rite ki o tenei ra, ko te Air Group katoa he wahi o te puaretanga rererangi.

radars

e kore Midway taputapu rererangi kawe hihiani i rerekē i te "Essex" taputapu. ngā te reira i teihana hihiani rua ki te kitea ngā taumata rangi, e rua radars ki te kitea ngā taumata mata, he altimeter hihiani me te tokomaha nui o ngā teihana e whakahaere te ahi.

ao hou,

Kei te toutou para te oko. ka mau te ao hōu tuatahi wahi i roto i te 1955. Ko tōna whakaaro, ko ki te whakapiki ake i te ora kawe me te roha o ona kaha. Kua riro te hoahoa o te kaipuke he maha o ngā rerekētanga. Ko te hunga matua ko:

1. tohatoha runway i 8 nekehanga whanaunga ki te tuaka wä roa o te kawe. Ngā mihi ki tenei whakamahine iti i te whai wāhi ki te mahi i te taunga tukutahi, me te tango atu i te kaipuke.
2. Engari o rua mamaoa pakeke catapults oko rawa ki toru atu kaha.
3. i hua whakapakari o te pūnaha braking. Ko te maha o taura wahia iti.
4. oho elevators whakapaipai, te whakanui ake i to ratou kaha.
5. "Island" Kei te tino ake, ka rite rawa ki te maha o te taputapu hou.
6. riro te kaipuke he "huaki te ihu." hou
7. Tau pū iti ki 8.
8. Air piha whakakapi e te hou - atu kaha.
9. I nui haere te rōrahi o te waka rererangi tāke wahie.
10. Taka te whitiki waterline patu.

Kua arahina tenei katoa ki te meka i nui haere a te oko ki te 62 mano taranata.

I roto i te mutunga o 1966, he whakahounga tuarua o te kawe rererangi "Midway", i riro te nui rawa i roto i te aamu o te ao hou, whānui o te kaipuke. Ko te hua o te whakahou e:

1. Whakawhiti whakaara ki te kaha amo tiketike.
2. Ko te maha iti o te catapult takirua - ki te rua.
3. pūnaha braking whakarei.
4. Rearua te rohe o te rahoraho rere.
5. Ao hou, o te "motu".

Ki enei fakalelei noho kaipuke i mahi tae noa ki te 90. pūtea ao hōu i 202 miriona tāra.

tari

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1946, ko te kaipuke te tino nui o te wehenga rererangi kawe tuatahi. I roto i Maehe i tēnei tau, whakamatauria te kawe rererangi i ngā tikanga, me te taputapu hangaia mo te rangi maeke pakeke. I roto i te tīmatanga o te ngahuru, i hanga te kaipuke te whakarewatanga o te "V-2" missiles.

Ko te whakamātautau uaua tino mo "Midway" kawe rererangi i whakawhitinga hukapuri whai wāhi mai ngā tikanga whakangungu ki te mahi i roto i te Far Te Tai Tokerau.

I roto i te raumati o te tau 1951 i mahi ia i runga i te whakamātautau whakawhiti kaipuke manureva F9F-5 i roto i te Atlantic Ocean. Ko te tau e whai ake nei "Midway" ka mau, wahi i roto i te nekeneke ki te ope NATO. I roto i te 1954, kua mahia te kaipuke tata āmio, te mata mutunga o i ko te motu o Taiwan. Tenei ko reira, kia rite ki te wahi o te US Fitú Fleet, ko te turanga mo te rererangi, hipoki te hōneatanga o te motu i roto i te raruraru Taiwan tuatahi.

I roto i te Maehe 1965, ka whakaekea te rererangi rererangi kawe ngā whāinga hōia i roto i Te Tai Tokerau, me te South Vietnam. I roto i te katoa, i roto i nga kairererangi Vietnam War "Midway" koperea iho waru rererangi. I roto i te 1971, i muri i te whakamohoa, ka hoki ano te kaipuke ki Vietnam, te wahi keri ia huarahi te rererangi ki ngā tauranga rohe. I roto i te mutunga, riro nga hua o te kawe Vietnamese te tohu i te peresideni o Amerika.

I te tau 1975, ka mau te kaipuke wahi i roto i te mahi "hau taratahi." April 29, Byong-Ly - Air Force Meiha South Vietnam - whakatahia te whānau i runga i te manureva Cessna e-1. Ahu ki te moana, ka tutaki te rererangi i te kawe rererangi "Midway". I muri i te maha o ngā nganatanga, kua whakapumautia te kaipuke kōrero ki te rererangi. Last ui ahau e pā ana ki te taunga. Na e taea te tango i reira wahi, i te waka ki te tuku i te rahoraho rere o te rererangi. maturuturu iho ara etahi o ratou ki roto ki te wai. u te manureva humarie i runga i te rahoraho, me fakafo'ituitui whakamoemiti te rangatira nga kaiurungi mo ratou ngaiotanga me te itoito. Maturuturu iho ki te taputapu wai kua utu te US Navy o $ 10 miriona. I pera maere ki te mahi nui Vietnamese e ara ia i tauturu kitea he mahi i runga i nga waharoa o Amerika te waka o te kawe rererangi.

I roto i a te 80 "Midway" ki te rōpū o te tahi atu marae i toutou kua kawea ki te whakaatu o US ngā mahi hōia i roto i te pā ana ki te āwangawanga o Te Tai Tokerau Korea. I roto i te Maehe 1981 e rua waka topatopa no ki te rere o te rōpū rererangi kawe, whakaorangia 17 iwi e kua tukua e tika ana ki te hinga waka harangotengote. I whakaarahia hoki Sam waka i runga i te rahoraho.

I roto i te Pipiri 1990, puta he hui fakamamahi i runga i te poari i te kawe rererangi. Ko te oko i rua pahūtanga, i hua i roto i te ahi e nana hoki e pā ana ki 10 haora. Ka rite ki te hua, te patu i te mau melo tāngata e rua, me te atu 9 i whara. hipoki te hui i te taha o neke atu i te kotahi rau kairīpoata ao. Media hanga o te raruraru i te raruraru nui, i whakapono ai e na retires te kaipuke.

I roto i te 1989-1991. Kua whai wāhi oko i roto i whawhai ki a Iraq, i roto i ngā i roto i te mahi "koraha Storm". I roto i te Pipiri 1991, kua awhinatia reira te iwi o te Philippines pāngia e te hūnga o Maunga Pinatubo.

Te faafariuraa i roto i te whare taonga

I roto i te 1992, hoatu te kaipuke i roto i rāhui. Tae noa 1998, i reira i roto i te mana kaitiaki i roto i Bremerton Washington. I roto i te Mahuru 2003, eke te kawe rererangi i runga i tona rerenga whakamutunga. Ko te wāhi mutunga o te ara ko te Broadway Tauranga Waka i roto i te taone San Diego, i reira ka tahuri te kaipuke ki te whare taonga. ka mau te whakatuwheratanga wahi Pipiri 7, 2004. I roto i tona tau tuatahi o te mahi o te whare taonga i tae mai e neke atu i 870 mano iwi, i te mea rua ki runga ake i nga tūmanako o te feia faatere o te kaupapa.

Mo te roa o te ratonga ka riro te kaipuke i nga tohu maha. Ko te mea tino nui o enei ko te Pakeha o te mihi. He tohu ano hoki mo te whakauru atu ki nga whakahaere hoia Vietnamese, mo te whakaora o Kuwait me etahi atu mahi. Ko etahi tohu ki te kaipuke i nui atu i te kotahi.

Whakamutunga

Ko te waka rererangi "Midway", ko nga ahuatanga i tirotirohia e tatou i tenei ra, kua riro hei tetahi o nga kaipuke tino pai o te US Navy. Ko ia, i tetahi taha, e miharo ana ki tona nui, e tohu ana i te kaha o nga taputapu hoia hou, me te tahi atu - ka whakamahara mai ki a tatou te moemoea o te pakanga. Pakanga - he whakama te ao. A ka pai ake te mea kaore i putea nga piriona taranata i roto i nga mahi hoia, engari i roto i tetahi mea e whai hua ana.