Rudyard Kipling: haurongo me mahi

Apii kia pūmanawa i roto i te mea katoa te tangata pūmanawa. Te haamauraa o enei kupu - Dzhozef Redyard Kipling. Ko te haurongo o tenei tangata, i roto i ngā, i te meka o te fariiraa i te Nobel i roto i wha tekau-rua tau - tohu o tenei. Writer, pehe me te kaituhi aroha iwi, me te āhua, hiahia i roto i te katoa, he rota o te pānui. Ko ia he maia, kua tonu kua he tūranga pāpori, me te tōrangapū mārama. whakapono ia e reira ko he "wehi pai" e kia kia vahevahe e te iwi katoa - mo o tetahi atu tangata te whakarau. Ka rite ki te Briton i runga i te mātauranga, whakaaro tonu ia o India, i mohio te reo, tona whare tuarua.

He aha mahi hanga rongonui e Rudyard Kipling?

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, te rotarota Ingarangi - kotahi te taranata momona i roto i te ao o, Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, Uilyam Shekspir, Metyu Arnold, Charlotte Bronte. Na reira, ko te whānuitanga tohu o te iwi whānui o Ingarangi ki te tamata i te reo irirangi BBC rongonui ki te ingoa o ratou rotarota tino. Championship (a e te taha nui!) No Roto ki a Kipling "mau faaueraa." Heoi, i te iti rawa te tonu mohiotia reira rite te kaituhi. Ko matamaha Kipling Creativity. I roto i te faahiahia tino o ana mahi - ". Ko e Jungle pukapuka" te pūrākau "Kim" me te kohinga o ngā kōrero poto,

raina picturesque o tenei kaituhi. Oia mau, e taea tika te huaina "Ko e Tohi Jungle" te rotarota te tuhi. Na tuhituhia ana e matou Talafungani Turgenev ko Gogol, engari, o te akoranga, o Russia. A Mose o 15 kōrero poto, "Ko e Tohi Jungle" ngā o ngā kōrero e pā ana ki Mowgli, e tahoê 8 o ratou, me ētahi atu kōrero e pā ana ki e hua ana ki te āhuatanga tangata kararehe Inia, e pā ana ki te mongoose toa Rikki-Tikki-tavi, te ngeru e haere anake-mo-ano. Kipling kōrero o te tamaiti Mowgli, kawea ake he mōkihi o wuruhi, tona tautohetohe tiger kino Sherhanu toutou puta i roto i pakiwaituhi me waia ki ngā tamariki katoa.

tamarikitanga o te kaituhituhi

Ko te kōrero o Kipling rongonui o India. haamata tona haurongo i roto i Bombay, te wahi i whanau ai ia i roto i te tau 1936. I roto i India, pau ia tona tamarikitanga. Ko te whenua i mohio ia, ka aroha. Ko te kaha, tino oraora mana'o tamarikitanga tama a te Rector o te kura Bombay o toi e pā ana ki tales patupaiarehe Indian kuia-kararehe (ko pai te mōhio o me taea ki te korero i roto i Hindi te tamaiti).

I te tau o ono, i tonoa e ia ki Ingarangi i roto i te te tau tūmataiti - whakaatu haurongo o Kipling. Hoki ngā tamariki e whakamahia ana ki te wewete i te ora koroni i maha uaua ki te kia whakamahia ki te wiri te whare manuhiri. kihai i ia te tino mo te penihana hostess. Memories o te whakawa he, me te nanakia ki nei kua fehangahangai te kaituhi i roto i tona tamarikitanga, ia muri whakaurua i roto i te kōrero poto "Ko te hipi Black".

tamarikitanga

Te papa i whakapono i te tuatahi e ko te reira kia waiho hei rangatira te taitamariki Kipling. E whakaatu ana Haurongo e mau tamaroa o ma toru i uru ia ki te kura Devon (i roto i te meka - te orotahi o to tatou Suvorov), i te mea he ake mo rangatira heke mai, hiahia ki te tomo i te wänanga hōia rongonui. Mau fetia "manu", karawarawa me "paku-whawhai" ki heahea, hoa haapiiraa - e tangohia tenei katoa wahi i roto i te kapa o nga tangata i mua i te whiwhi āhukahuka o "tona". i aroha a Hohepa kura me te mahi. Tenei wā o tona ora parau storybook "Stalky & ^Co." whakakitea reira ia tona kaituhi taranata. I te wa ano, kihai i hoatu e kanohi rawakore ake tumanako mo te mahi hōia. haamana'o Matua tangata taitama-tau 17-tau i roto i India, kitea e ia he tūranga i roto i te "niupepa Civil me hōia" mo ia te wahi.

Ko te timatanga o te mahi a te kaituhi

Ara mai ara kairīpoata kōrero o Rudyard Kipling. Tona pukapuka "Te tuhipoka tari," ko te angitu. Aspiring kaituhi matatau i roto i te reo Hindustani, he tata ki te kaipānui Indian ia, kua mohio ki reira, ka aroha. kaituhi-tau 34-tau, e mohiotia kua i roto i Ingarangi, tae i roto i London ki "hanga i te ingoa". Here, i roto i te mahi tahi ki te American Wolcott Balestier, he poro i runga i te kōrero "Naulahka" mahi Kipling. Biography, he fakahokohoko poto o tona ora ko te ngā tino i roto i tenei wā. kitea e ia te hoa tūturu me hinga ano i roto i te aroha ki tona tuahine. Heoi, e kore e roa i te mahi tahi ratou. I muri i te matenga o tona hoa i te fiva rahi marenatia e ia tona tuahine Caroline. tuhituhi e ia tona pehepehe rongonui "Gunga Din» ( "Gunga Din") me "Mandalay".

Vermont wā o te auahatanga

oho te tokorua taitamariki ki Vermont, te wahi whakaputaina i roto i rua ngā pukapuka o "Ko e Tohi Jungle" me te kohinga o ngā rotarota "Moana E whitu". Here i te mau metua hari o tokorua nga tamahine puta, ka - tama. Hangaia e te reira i te pūrākau pai o Kipling - "Kim" he tamaiti Indian, ragamuffin, te whakaaro nui Putihi cognized ka riro he tirohia, Ingarangi. I muri i te whawhai ki whanaunga o tona wahine toru tekau-toru te kaituhi me tana whānau oho ki New York. Here, ia me te tamahine kino ki kakā, i muri i nei mate te kotiro.

Te neke ki te UK

Hoki te maha o nga marama mahi ia i roto i te nūpepa Awherika ki te Tonga, ka te hoko i tetahi whare tūmataiti i Ingarangi, i roto i te mataeinaa o Sussex. Kei te whai wāhi mai ia i roto i te ora tōrangapū e tautoko i te Conservatives. Ki a ia tae mai te whaki: te Nobel, nekehanga hōnore i whare wānanga Ingarangi, me te Pākehā. Otiia ano pani ana e titau kaituhi. I te mua o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao patua tana tama. Ko te kaituhi me tana wahine horo'ai to ratou wa katoa ki te āwhina i te iwi i roto i te Cross Whero. Ia e kore e tata i tuhituhi, pouri nui. Heoi, i te reira hohoro kua kite i te hoa Kipling, ko wai i taea ki te "ruru reira" ka te faaara ki te ora. riro ratou ... English Korol Georg V. Ko te (ko tenei tangata tino hoa noa tona mate Kipling.) Haurongo o te kaituhi whakaatu pehea ia e whakatokia tetahi te maharatanga o tana tama, i roto i te tuhituhi pyatidesyativosmiletnem kōrero tau "Te Irish tiaki i roto i te nui whawhai. " Ko uaua te ora o tenei kaituhi, ikuna auaha, kāore, maha tahi e te mate o te hunga i aroha. Kua tupu nei ia tona gastritis ki te whewhe keté. mate ia i toto ā-a tanumia i roto i Westminster Abbey.

mutunga

auahatanga matamaha o Kipling. E matau ana matou i te reira, te whakawhetai ki te kōrero o te tamariki kanapa, me te mīharo "Te Jungle Book." Heoi, i reira he tana mahi, me te tahi atu taha. Genri Dzheyms huaina reira "English Balzac." whakaaro te pūrākau "Kim" ko te mahi pai e pā ana ki India i Ingarihi. i whakaaro Kipling me faaturahia e te pakeke, tautautefito ki kitea i roto i te Ao I. To tatou aronui Konstantin Simonov tuhia "kāhua e puai rahi" Kipling, tona "kopaninga o hoia", "tautāne".

Ko e mo'oni, ahakoa i taea e mea te tangata he hauwarea e kore e "mutu" te tangata, me te "tomo ki te wairua mahi tika, me rahunga ', e me hamani tonu ia ratou" tuāporo ".