Russian General Kutepov Aleksandr Pavlovich: A Biography, i mahi i roto i te Ope White, mahara

whanau te rangatira hōia rongonui o te kaupapa White Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov i Mahuru 28, 1882 i roto i te Cherepovets i roto i te i te pā porowini ataahua, me te inconspicuous. Childhood me kura tau, ka haere te tamaiti ki te tawhiti raki Arkhangelsk. Ua haapii taonga whānau Iti Alexander ki papaku Spartan ora - pūkenga e ka whai hua ki a ia i roto i te mahi uaua.

tau wawe

I roto i te 1902, i muri i tu'ite no te haapiiraa wetereo Arkhangelsk heke mai tomo whānui Kutepov te kei i roto i St. Petersburg, kura hōia Vladimir. whakaaetia wheako High-kura te tangata taitamariki ki ngāwari hinga te akoranga ariā. Heoi, ko ia he ngoikore - drill. fehangahangai Kutepov raruraru angamaheni o iwi taitamariki katoa wāhi i roto i te kura hōia o te pūtahi harangotengote. Otiia ahakoa nga uauatanga, ki te whakatau ia ia i te wā hou o te ora, tāia ki Alexander ki tamataraa katoa. Ua tauturu ia tuutuu ore niwha me manawanui, e te hunga kua i roto i te ora pakeke e kore e tika whakaorangia General.

I roto i te 1904, puta Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov i te kāreti, ka meinga he rūtene tuarua i roto i te 85 Infantry Regiment o Vyborg. A marama torutoru i muri i te hui tuku iho i hanga te Grand Duke Konstantin reira ki te katipa nui.

I te Pakanga Japanese

Aita i maoro i te tavini ra Alexander Kutepov rite te whawhai Russian-Japanese. Kia i te mua, ka ui tonu ia ki te hei i runga i to ratou ake kaupapa ki te tutei ope. I maoro whakanuia te kuao rangatira-i whakahau ano kore ia i roto i te whawhai i runga i te hoia o nga Japanese. i whiwhi tona wehe tohu faufaa (raiwhara me mīhini-pu). rangatira ōkawa o te hoia Vyborg ko te whanaunga o te tsar Russian Kayzer Vilgelm. I whakawhiwhia e ia te Ota o te German Karauna Kutepov. tuhia e ia te mana torotoro, me te Māori. I roto i te wā o te Russian-Japanese War Aleksandr Kutepov riro te Order o St. Stanislaus tohu 3, tohu 4-th o St. Anne ko St. Vladimir tohu 4-th.

I te mutunga o te pakanga toto i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, i matataua mohio ki te mahi i te whakangungu o taritari hou. E hoki ki Russia, ia tuatahi rere ki te ngā hou (i runga i te whakamārama o te kore o te whawhai ki a Japan revolution motu wahia atu i roto i te 1905). Future whānui Kutepov i eke i runga i te tereina, ka mutu te tereina kaiwhiu ta'efiemālie 'a kauwhautia te hanga o to ratou ake whenua. E kore te hōia i te meatanga a, ka huihui te tautoko o hoia mateaki hopukina he komiti pāhoro, ropu i te teihana tereina.

tau pororaru

Mai te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuatahi Aleksandr Kutepov arahina te kamupene 4 o te Preobrazhensky Regiment. August 20, 1914 whawhai i Vladislavovo oti he motu mo ia. Maoro, ora ake te rangatira, a ka mau wahi i roto i te maha ngā mahi angitu ki te Tiamana. I runga i te eve o te revolution, ka ia he Kānara.

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1917, ko Kutepov he tau faafaaearaa roa-tatari a tae i mua. Ko reira taa'eraa i ko ia anake te rangatira o tona ana'iraa (kānara), tamata ki te aukati i te whakatikanga ake tāone tūturu, i mutu ki te Tuhinga o te kingi. Heoi, ko te rōpū, i whakahaere ki te kohikohi Kutepov, i iti rawa ki te puipuitua o tangata he tuki, mua puranga.

Ano i runga i te mua

I muri i te Hui-tanguru Revolution, ka hoki te rangatira ki te ohipa kaha. I roto i April, arahina e ia te ora tiaki Akuhata. Na roto i te wa tenei hanganga i tata te pūhui pakanga anake i runga i te mua. Ko te toe wahi decomposed i raro i te mahi o anti-whawhai, me te rōpū, orurehau.

Na Preobrazhensky wiki ka mau wahi i roto i te horanga Tarnopolsky. I roto i tenei mahi, Hōngongoi 7, whakanuia ano 1917 Kutepov ia i roto i te whawhai tata te kainga o Mszana. Hoki ana mahinga, riro ia te Order o St. George 3 tohu. riro te Preobrazhensky wiki ingoa Aleksandra Kutepova kua faaauhia ki faaotiraa, lī'oa ki ohipa me te taviniraa horo'a noa ki te motherland.

I roto i te tonga

Ki te taeraa mai o te Bolshevik ope, i whawhai ki a Germany me Austria-Hungary, hopea hinga. I roto i te Hakihea 1917, i mahue Kutepov te mua, a haere ana ki a Kiev. I roto i te "whaea o nga pa Russian", piri ia te Ope Volunteer. kahore ano i timata te wāhanga kaha o te pakanga kaiākiri. ora Hoariri ratou kaha, me te faaineine mo te toto.

Whakamutunga o 1917 - timatanga o 1918. puritia Kutepov heke mai whānui i roto i Taganrog, te wahi ka ia upoko o te hoia rohe. I reira i ia ki te uaua ki te tiaki Whero. I roto i te Hānuere 1918, whakahaere White ki te wahi i nga hoia-Bolshevik pro i roto i te taupatupatunga i Matveyev Kurgan. E ai ki tona rangatira i roto i te tino Anton Denikin, ko reira te whawhai nui tuatahi o te Pakanga Civil.

Me kï reira e reira ko he huinga o tautohe wä i waenganui ia ko Kutepov. whakatakotoria Denikin i tika ohaoha, i nga wa katoa i Alexander Pavlovich he whakaaro monarchist pūmau. Otiia, i roto i te noa'tu o hapanga e pā ana ki te āhua tika o te mana, kua tautoko tonu Kutepov te rangatira i roto i te tino i roto i ngā take hōia.

ki nga mua

Mai i te tīmatanga, te rangatira katoa i roto i te mahi o te Army White i tino uaua, me te fakaongosia. Ko te apotheosis o nga tikanga ati o te whawhai "Ice" pakanga ki a Kuban (February - Haratua 1918). I roto i tenei mahi, ka arahina Kutepov e tetahi o nga rangatira o te mangai o te ropu. I roto i April, ka anga ia ki te whakahau Kornilov wiki, ka - Tuatahi Infantry Division.

I roto i te Noema, ka Alexander Pavlovich he General Meiha. I runga i te eve o te hōia ma ka mau Novorossiysk, ka whakaritea Denikin i kawana hōia o te Black Moana Kutepov. au ra ke ki tokomaha tenei kōwhiringa, pera kore i te aroaro o i te rangatira, he whanau ki runga ki a ratou ki te tikanga harangotengote.

I roto i tona tūranga hou mahi he āpiha i roto i te tukanga pakeke-arahina. haere mai ana nga mehua tōkeke ki te hoariri o te kāwanatanga ma ki te kia mohiotia rite "Kutepov." kawana Military i tiaki o te haumaru me te pūmautanga o te supply o Novorossiysk, whakaritea e te hoa ke. A, no te riro te reira i te tauranga matua o te turanga o te supply waho o te kaupapa ma. whakaritea Kutepov te tari matua hou, a meinga ana ia e te upoko o Nikolaya De Roberti. riro ia te ringa matau o Alexander Pavlovich me whakahaere o ana tikanga hōia.

I te matenga o te "tae" Tuhinga

I roto i te Hānuere 1919, kua arahina te whānui Russian pai-mohiotia te 1 Army Corps, i whakahaeretia i roto i te Donets Basin. Kua mahue Winter me te puna ki te anō ope, me te korero rawhiti Ukraine. Ko reira he wā o te mānukanuka nui o ope katoa o te Army Volunteer.

nui ki te kia hiahiatia hononga o Denikin ki hoa maha i mahue (whakanuia rawa pau te tona hononga ki Wrangel). Na reira, (kahore he i muri i te tikanga te rangatira o te ope) te rangatira i roto i te tino māngai Kutepov atu mana. I roto i ngā, ka hoatu e Denikin ia he "tae" Tuhinga - te matua o te White Army Guard.

Choice no te mea i Kutepov he ingoa rite te matua uaua me marohirohi, kahore he reira hiahia i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū. A tino i reira na. Ahakoa etahi ngā kiri pea o patua, ka kōrero te heke mai tōrangapū fakatau'atāina'i i nga mua Russian, i te whānui tona mahi aho-mua uaua.

Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga o te pakanga kaiākiri

faaite kotahi ano rangatira Military ana huru maitatai kōhure i roto i te mahi Kharkov. Hoki te mahi taiea i hanga e ia he whānui rūtene. Aita i maoro roa i timata ai te ino i runga i Moscow Volunteer Army. Ko te pakanga ki te whakapaipai tawhito Gen. Kutepov whakahau te corps, i tae te Eagle. Na ka kowaowaotia mahi, ka aru hoki ano ia ki te Novorossiysk tawhiti. Ahakoa te hinga i muri i te whānui Russian i taea ki te mau tonu i te kaha whawhai o wehenga tūao kaimahi ia - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev ko Drozdovskaya.

I roto i te puna o 1920 ko Kutepov i te Crimea, te wahi i whakaritea Baron Wrangel ia rangatira o tetahi o nga whare ma whakamutunga. I te matenga o te hanganga o te rangatira ka haere ki te whawhai te katoa o Northern Tavria. Ahakoa nga tautooraa o Alexander o me tahi atu feia faatere hōia rangatira o te kaupapa White, tonu nga mua ratou ino. I roto i te Noema 1920, i whakatahia Kutepov i te Crimea.

hekenga

White Guard General Kutepov, tona haurongo ko te tauira angamaheni o te expellees mana Soviet o te hoariri, i te noho noa tuatahi i roto i Karipori. He piri morehu katoa o te ope Wrangel. I roto i te Hakihea 1921, Kutepov ki tona tinana tahuri ake i roto i Bulgaria. hopukina mana rohe ia, ka peia i te whenua. oho rākai ki Yugoslavia, te wahi ka ia Kaiāwhina tino o te Army Russian.

I roto i te 1924, noho General Kutepov me tana wahine Lidiya Davydovna Kyut i Paris. timata te rangatira ki te mahi i roto i te Grand Duke Nicholas, i whakaaro he nuinga o te hekenga ma i te upoko o te Whare whakahekea o Romanov. whakaritea nui-matua keke o te tsar Russian whakamutunga tiamana o te āpiha rongonui EMRO - Russian Military Union.

Aha ki te mahi i roto i tona mana hou Alexander Kutepov? whakapumautia Tianara he hononga ki te whakahaere anti-Soviet ngaro mahi i runga i te rohe o te USSR. tumanako ia e ki o ratou awhina, ki te kore koe e whakahaere ki te turaki i te mua, ahakoa ki ratou kaha waihanga i te rota o raruraru. Heoi ko te mahere o Kutepov i te timatanga te kore.

mate

i hanga "whakahaere Anti-Soviet" pūtau mō rangatira haumarutanga hopu iho, ka whakakore i nga kau taki kaha o te hekenga Russian i Europe. Ko te kore tino tino Kutepov ko tona mahi tahi ki te 'Trust', i whakahaere te whakahaere o te OGPU.

January 26, kāhakina 1930 Alexander Pavlovich āpiha o maramarama Soviet. whakamana mahi maia i roto i Paris. Ake mai i taua ra, a ka whakaaro te ra o te mate o Kutepov, ahakoa noho nga huru o tona aitua he mea o hītori tautohetohe. I roto i te wā Soviet, i whakarōpūtia ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tianara White Guard rite "ngaro."

Anake i roto i te 1989 i korerotia ai e mate Kutepov i runga i te tima Bolshevik Teke ia i roto i Novorossiysk. Kei te whakapono te reira e kua mate te rangatira o te whakaeke ngakau (pea ko tona take horopeta nui o rehunanu whakaurua kaiherehere). I roto i te tahi atu putanga o te White Guard tangohia tonu ki Moscow, te wahi ngaro ia i roto i te Lubyanka.

pūmahara

I teie mahana, i reira he i te iti rawa kia kotahi tohu ki General Kutepov. Kei runga i te urupā Russian matua i roto i Paris Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Haunga i whakaturia ia he whānui Cenotaph. tonu te urupa i reira, mahi reira he mahi tohu.

i mahue rākai i kahore pukapuka, engari meinga ai ia maha to'utangata me hoa i roto i te whawhai ā, me te hekenga. Memoirs o Tianara i whakaputaina i roto i Russia i te 2000. Ko te putanga whakaatu he aha te mea mau te compatriots hawhe-wareware Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes o ana kupu i te kōrero mua, me te tino hira ki te hoa White Army tapaea he takahanga fresco ahurei arepurepuraa Russian.