Scientist Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich: biography

Kaiwhakatū o astronautics ariā Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich hanga i roto i tenei pūtaiao he koha rite ki te takoha o Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Heoi, ka haere mai te aronga ki a ia i muri anake te mate, ka ko ano te whakatuwheratanga wareware o te kaipūtaiao "kitea akaouia mai" te whakatupuranga i muri o kairangahau. Ko te mahi o te pūtaiao kihai i mohiotia ano hoki o tona mahi enigmatic.

tamarikitanga

I whanau pūtaiao Future Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich i runga i Pipiri 21 1897 i roto i Poltava. Ko te ingoa i i haere iho ia i roto i te aamu, he mau i te pseudonym, ranei kaua, te ingoa o te tangata tino rerekē, ki nei tuhinga mo te kairangahau te wa roa i ora ai. I whanau ia rite Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. I pani wawe te tamaiti, a whakaarahia tona koroua. I tau 13 ka haere ia ki te ako i te hākinakina Poltava, te wahi utu ākonga pūkenga whakarongo ki te kaiako. tonoa Kaiako Alexander moni i roto i te aronga tika - ahupūngao, te pāngarau me te matū.

Kua i roto i kōhungahunga, puta te tamaiti minamina hoki mahi. pau ia he rota o te wā i roto i waka, puna, kapohau wai, e papua, barometers me ētahi atu pākiki haere mai ki te ringa. Ehara i te mea maere e muri ko Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich te kaituhi o te mīharo, me te mua o tona wa ariā pūtaiao.

mātauranga nao

Ko tētahi atu whakaaro e riro te mahara Aleksandra Shargeya, ko te moemoea o flights interplanetary. I roto i te tau 1930, i roto i te pukapuka ki Tsiolkovsky, whakahuatia ia e i roto i te tau 16 ki te whakatau i rite te mea te mea tū wehenga atu taea i mata o te whenua ki te wāhi. Mai reira i Shargeya tona ake whakaaro-whakatika. I runga i te eve o te mutunga o te tangata taitama Poltava hākinakina oti ia tona tuhinga nui tuatahi - "Ko te hunga e ka lau ki hanga." I roto i te tauira o te pukapuka whakatakoto Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich heke mai (ahakoa nuinga ki) kaupapa haere interplanetary heke mai. I muri mai i enei whakaaro whakawhanakehia e ia i roto i ona mahi atu.

Na ka tomo Shargey te mua Polytechnic Institute. Heoi, i kore muri tona ako roa. I maoro i tuhia Alexander ki te ope, a i roto i 1917 ko ia i runga i te Caucasian Front o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. ka hoki Ensign kāinga i muri i Tuhinga whānui te Oketopa Revolution me te pānuitanga mua.

ingoa hou

Tino hohoro ko Poltava i te waenganui o te whawhai ture. Shargey ko tetahi o nga rangatira, me pera huaina te mea i roto i te ope o General Denikin. Alexander whai wāhi i roto i te kore te toto i hiahia me papahoro i te faingamālie tuatahi. Ko te rua tau i muri mai i ora ai te tangata taitamariki i roto i te tūranga āhua-ture, te ihirangi o mahi rerekē. Ko ia i raro i riri tonu o te puke. I roto i te 1921, i taea e ki te hoko mo ia he uruwhenua i te ingoa Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka whanaunga - University ākonga o Kiev, nei mate o te mate kohi whakarewa.

Heoi, ki te noho i roto i a haumaru tonu tona Māori Ukraine. Whero White ranei i taea e maka atu i te Māori o Poltava. Na ka rere te kaipūtaiao Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich ki te Kuban a ka mau te ararewa Krylovskiy. Mau i roto i te haumaru whanaunga, ia te mutunga ka mau ake ana ariā o rere i waenganui i nga aorangi. Ka rite ki tetahi pūtaiao whaiaro-whakaako, i te mamae ia i te kore o te moni. Kondratyuk i haere ki te hanga i tona ake tākirirangi, engari te rave'a ki te kawe i roto i o ratou moe, kihai i ia. Katoa e i mahue ki te mahi i te Kowaka ko ki te kī i te whakaaro ariā i runga i te pepa.

Kondratyuk ko Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk tukutahi ki te ako rite whakahaere Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Hoki te wā tuatahi tutuki te kuao pūtaiao ki runga ki ona tuhipoka i roto i 1918 i roto i te take tawhito o "Niva". Mai i te rauemi, ka reira mārama e pōlepole te whakaaro o flights interplanetary te kore anake Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich.

Ko te haurongo o tenei tangata ko te tauira angamaheni o te wā - no te mea, i ia o te revolution me te whawhai mo ki maha nga tau e wareware e pā ana ki te ora mua. Na reira, ki te rauemi o Tsiolkovsky, ka hoki ia anake i roto i te 1925, i te korerotanga a ahau "Bulletin o aeronautics."

"Ko te raupatu o te wāhi interplanetary"

Koinei, ka haere mai nga kairangahau e rua ki te taua whakatau, ko te kupu te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē. I roto i tenei take, he mua o tona hoa Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich reira iti. Whakatutukinga o te ahupūngao kua pā ana ki tona mahi matua - te pukapuka "Te raupatu o wāhi interplanetary." Ko reira te hua o te kaituhi puta i roto i 1926, ka ia noho i roto i te kainga o Oketopa. Tenei wa, whakatakoto ia e kore te mea i tona kaupapa, he ariā noa, a whakaratohia ia ki te maha kōrero me ngā tatauranga.

tamata te pūtaiao ki te whakaputa i te "raupatu o wāhi interplanetary" i roto i Moscow. riro te pukapuka te arotake pai o Ahorangi Vladimir Vetchinkina. Kua ako ia te akiaki o te tākirirangi rere, me te reira mauruuru te mahi Kondratyuk. Heoi, ki te whakaputa i te pukapuka i taka i te reira. Puta noa i te tau e whai ake nei tautoko Vetchinkin anake te whaiaro-whakaako unknown.

I roto i Siberia

I roto i te 1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, ko tona haurongo ko te tauira o te haurongo e pohehe tonu te tangata, oho ia ki Novosibirsk. I te tahi atu pito o te whenua, ka haere ia i te aniraa o te rohe "bakeries". Tenei tari te kawenga mō te rokiroki o witi ki runga ki te rohe o te maha rohe. Atu i runga i Kuban Kondratiuk whakaaro e rave rahi hangarau hou mō elevators. Tona mahi paanga i roto i Novosibirsk. Na ka te tangata e moe o nga whetu, te kawenga mō te rokiroki witi.

I te pūtaiao wāhi hou ka hoa hou, me hoa, engari maiohatia tetahi o ratou, ko te rere wāhi tonu tona anaanatae taitamariki. Na ano mahara Kondratiuk tona mahi matua i tuhituhia. Hoki te maha o nga tau i ora ia i tona moni, ārahi i te ora Spartan, a te mutunga ka tono tangata ia tuhinga ki te toa tā rohe. Ko te whakaputanga kua tino pōturi. e kore e matau Typesetters te tātai pāngarau pūtaiao matatini, hape i hanga, me te mahi anō ano nga mea katoa.

Tānga o te pukapuka

I roto i te Hānuere 1929, te "te raupatu o te wāhi interplanetary" i whakaputaina he putanga iti i roto i te 2000 kape. Ko te pukapuka ngā 72 ngā whārangi, me te maha o ngā whārangi o ngā hoahoa me tānga. tuhituhi Vladimir Vetchinkin he körero i roto i i huaina e ia te ako Kondratyuka whānui tino o te katoa ka ngā, ka whakaputaina i roto i Russian kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i reo ke.

He aha i tuhituhia Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich faufaa hou? meka Interesting i roto i te pukapuka takoto i roto i te meka i whakaaetia e ia etahi take ariā, ko te kupu te whakatuwhera ake i te taea ariā ki te rere ki te aorangi e tata ana. tonoa Kondratyuk kotahi kape o Tsiolkovsky me muri riro te marama he whakautu i roto i nei hoa matua whakamoemiti tana mahi. Te nuinga o te tohanga o te kaiputaiao hoatu ana hoa. Ētahi pānui i te pukapuka i roto i o te faatura, engari ko reira pea ratou i ahei ai te te tuhituhi. Hoki ētahi atu te ma'imi me kua noho te maere rereke.

Tuhinga ka mauhere

I muri noa iho i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka Kondratiuk me mauheretia hoa rima i, ka whiua ki te toru tau te here ki runga ki te 58 "tōrangapū" tuhinga. tuhituhi te reira i te faahaparaa o tetahi o ana hoa. I muri i te tahi mau wa, whakakapia te kupu tuatahi ki te mahi i te Bureau Motuhake №14 - «sharashka", te wahi i nga mahi o te tahi atu pūtaiao mauheretia me kairangahau. ka kitea i reira Kondratyuk te whakamahi hou - ka ki te hoahoa i te taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o te waro Kuzbass.

Hoki muia hanga te hoahoa pāmu hau Crimean, analogues o nei kihai i ano i roto i te ao. Hei ngä Kondratyuka piri i te maha o Engineers, tae atu Nikolay Nikitin, muri hanga te pourewa pouaka Ostankino i Moscow.

Hui ki a Korolev

I roto i te 1933, pitihana a nga tangata Commissariat o taumaha Ahumahi ki te GPU rite wawe tonu ki te wewete i te kaipūtaiao. Na ka wetekina Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. He onge Whakaahua kairangahau tenei ra, e tika ana ki te meka i ia ki te ora i roto i whakaraua, te tuatahi, a ka i raro i hopu. I whakaaetia te kaupapa mana hau, a tae noa haere Kondratiuk ki Moscow.

I roto i te whakapaipai o te whatu Siberian tutaki ahau ki a Sergei Korolev, nei i rongo e pā ana ki tona whakaaro ariā mīharo. kaihoahoa Future o tākirirangi wāhi ki te whakahere mahi tahi manuhiri i roto i te kororia, me te rōpū o te hoa rite-whakaaro. Heoi kihai Kondratiuk. kahore e mohiotia ïa ana taumu'a, engari whakaae ngā kaituhi i runga i te whakaaro e ka tono mo te mahi e pā ana ki ngā kaupapa hoia, i taea e hoki Kuini pūtaiao tirohia te NKVD. E kore te tātari i fafau tetahi pai. Ki te i roto i te whēkau ako e pā ana ki te tuakiri pono Kondratyuka me tona hononga ki ma i roto i te Pakanga Civil, kua whakawehi ano kaipūtaiao ki puni i pere ranei.

Ko te whakarau o theorist tuhinga

I roto i 1938 ka haere mai te katoa-Union whakamana i Komihana o te USSR Academy he pitihana i hainatia e te maha o pūtaiao rongonui. ka ui ratou mo te taumahi tohu täkutatanga ariā kahore tiakina he tuhinga whakapae, e te mea āhukahuka pai-tika ana o whakatutukitanga rangahau, i tae pūtaiao Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. kitenga Photo ana kaupapa engineering me ngā hononga ki nga mahi tuhituhi i te take nui ki te whakaaro i te kaitono. Heoi, i tonoa atu te tono.

O te akoranga, i te taumata teitei e kore e taunga ki taua whika rite Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. haere haurongo Poto o te pūtaiao tua atu tetahi anga mua. Ko taua tau, i te kairangahau, wehi hoki ana mahi kāore anō, ka hoatu e te pūranga o maniusikilipi Borisu Vorobevu rongoa kē Tsiolkovsky. taea tēnei whakatupatotanga ki te tiaki i te tuhinga faufaa mō te huaai. mooni whakaorangia i te warewaretanga me te mate o te tuatahi, ano taitamariki, tuhinga tawhito o te kaipūtaiao pihoihoi.

mate

Kia timata te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao, ka haere mai i roto i maha atu tūao ki te poari hukihuki me Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Ahupūngao me te theorist i roto i te 62raa Infantry Regiment. Ka rite ki te mātanga, ka ia te kawenga mō te whakarite kōrero i waenganui i nga matua, me te tari matua. Kondratyuka ka mau whawhai whakamutunga wahi i roto i te po i te 25 ki te 26 Pepuere 1942 i runga i te awa o Oka i te rohe Oryol. patua te pūtaiao i roto i te taupatupatunga ki te Tiamana. i tanumia tona tinana tata te kainga Krivtsovo.

I roto i nga tau e whai ake nei, tuatahi te Soviet me ka te hapori ao āta mohio te faufaa o te mahi Kondratyuk. I roto i te 1957, i te hui o te Academy o Pūtaiao o te USSR, whakatapua ki te 100 huritau o Tsiolkovsky, lau Sergei Korolev te pūrongo, i aromatawaitia nga hua o Yuri Vasilievich. Just he torutoru ra i muri ka haere te hui ki wāhi te amiorangi tuatahi whenua tāwhaiwhai.

Direct whakaaro Kondratyuka i tuatahi whakatinana e te Ameliká i roto i te hōtaka kaupeka "Apollo" i roto i te-doma 60. whakamahia NASA te ara mō te rima tekau tau i mua i te pūtaiao Russian i tonoa. ako Whānui tūmatanui Soviet e pā ana ki Kondratyuk i 1969. Na, i roto i te "Komsomolskaya Pravda" whakaputaina he tuhinga, i roto i nei hoki te wa tuatahi katoa i runga i te whenua, i kauwhautia ai e kua hanga he kaipūtaiao te hangarau i runga i nei u nga Amelika i runga i te marama. I roto i te 1970, he kōmihana ture motuhake Kondratyuka whakatikaia i roto i te take i roto i i pau e rave rahi tau i roto i te "sharashka" ia.