Rangahau matüora tikanga: whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga me ngā hua. tikanga matüora Genetics

tikanga matüora - te tikanga matua i roto i te mataora o te tikanga matua o te tātaritanga o ngā mate e meinga te whakararuraru, pūkoro. Ko reira ka tenei tikanga o te tātari e lāulea ki roto i tenei tuhinga.

whakaurunga tātaritanga

Ahanoa o tātari tātaritanga matüora he:

• toto;
• mimi;
• werawera me ētahi atu fluids tinana;
• kakahu;
• pūtau.

taea tikanga rangahau matüora ki te whakatau i te mahi paru, te ihirangi o te hua o te pākia i roto i ngā fluids tinana, me te ki te kitea maumaui i te pākia, i he e tika ana ki ngā āhuatanga tuku.

kōrero

Open matüora tikanga A. English rata Garrod i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau. haapii ia homogentisuria, a i roto i te akoranga o te ako, i kitea e ratou ki te hei e taea te whakaritea he pūkoro congenital mate pūkoro tinana ranei i runga i te kaupapa o te kore o whākōkī motuhake.

E meinga tini o nga mate tuku e irakētanga i roto i ira e whakaputa ke i te hanganga me te tere o te kōtuitanga pūmua i roto i te tinana. Tenei i whakaohooho te warowaihā, te pūmua, me te lipid pākia.

matua

I roto i te tikanga ki te ako i te hanganga matū o te tātaritanga haumanu o ngā rauemi koiora me papanga, rite kia puta i roto i te māuiuitanga o te huringa kukū, te ngaro o ngā wāhanga hurihia ahua o tetahi atu wae ranei. Hoki tātari matüora takoto nui o etahi matū, toenga hormonal, whākōkī.

rāpoi ngota kimihia, pūmua, waikawa karihi, me te tahi atu matū i he wāhanga o te rauropi ora.

hua

Ka taea te wehea Hua o tikanga rangahau matüora ki kounga (kitea ranei e kore e kitea), me te ine (pehea te ihirangi o te taonga i roto i te biomaterial).

Kei te whakamahia te tikanga kounga nga āhuatanga motuhake o te taonga e whakamahia ana, e puta ka etahi awe matū (i raro i whakawera, i te tua o tauhohenga).

hāngai Direct tikanga ine o te tūhuratanga te i runga i te parau tumu taua, engari i te tuatahi te whakatau i te rapunga o te taonga, a ka whanganga tona kukū.

Hormones, kaitakawaenga i roto i roto i te tinana i roto i ngā rahinga iti rawa, koia whanganga ratou ihirangi e te tikanga o ngā whakamātautau koiora (hei tauira, te tinana katoa ranei takitahi kararehe whakamātau). faarahi tenei nga rangahau tūtohutanga me pū.

kunenga hītori

ake tikanga matüora ki te tiki i nga hua tika tino me ngā mōhiohio i runga i te āhua o ngā tukanga pūkoro i roto i te tinana, te tukanga pūkoro tinana i roto i whekau motuhake me ngā pūtau. Aita i maoro a'e, ngā koiora tikanga tātaritanga ki ētahi atu tikanga rangahau pērā i ārai, histological, cytological, me ētahi atu. Hei whakamahi i te tikanga atu mātanga tikanga ranei e whakamahia nuitia taputapu motuhake.

Tera atu ano tetahi aronga tikanga matüora, e kore nei e meinga te tono o te tātaritanga haumanu. Ki te whanaketanga me te tono o te tikanga tino tere, me te māmā e taea tukua i te meneti torutoru ki te whakatau i te aromatawai hiahiatia o ngā tawhā matüora.

I enei taiwhanga rawa ki te taputapu hou, me te matatau pūnaha me ngā pūrere (analyzers) e tukua ki a koe te whakatau i te auau e tika ana hohoro a tika pūkaha me te aunoa.

tikanga ako matüora: Tikanga

hanga Measurement o te taonga i roto i fluids koiora me ratou faaotiraa e rerekē i roto i te maha ngā huarahi. Hei tauira, ki te tautuhi i te tohu rite te esterase cholesterol kia rau o kōwhiringa o ngā tikanga rangahau matüora. Ko te kōwhiringa o te tikanga tei te nuinga i runga i te āhua o te ako o fluids koiora.

whakamahia tikanga rangahau matüora te ki te whakatau i tetahi taonga tohu ranei putawa, me i roto i ngā akiakinga. takina ana tēnei tohu te i te wa motuhake o ra, i raro i kawenga motuhake, i roto i te tukanga mate, ka te fariiraa i kahore rongoā.

Āhuatanga o te tikanga

Āhuatanga tikanga matüora:

• te nui iti o te biomaterial;
• te tere o te tātaritanga;
• te taea te whakamahi toutou o te tikanga;
• tika;
• Ka taea te whakamahi tikanga matüora i te akoranga o te mate;
• tango rongoā e kore e pā i te hua ako.

tikanga matüora o iranga

I roto i iranga, te tikanga tino whakamahia nuitia mō ngā rangahau cytogenetic. āhei te reira ki a koutou ako i roto i te taipitopito te hanganga o te pūira me te karyotype. Ki tenei tikanga ko reira taea ki te tautuhi me te monogenic mate tuku e whai wāhi irakētanga me polymorphisms o ira me ratou hanganga.

Matüora Genetics tikanga kei te inaianei whānui e whakamahia ana ki te kitea puka hou o ngā irarā mutant i roto i te DNA. Na roto o tenei tikanga i tāutuhia ai, ka whakaahuatia neke atu i te 1000 mō tenei mate pūkoro. Te nuinga o nga mate whakaahuatia - he mate e kua pā ana ki hē i roto i te whākōkī me ētahi atu pūmua hanganga.

whakahaere tātaritanga o pūkoro disorders e tikanga matüora te i roto i te rua ngā wāhanga.

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi:

• kōwhiria take whakapae.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua:

• tātaritanga parakore te mate tukanga tika atu me te uaua.

tamariki whanau hou i roto i te wā prenatal ki te awhina o tikanga matüora whakamana tātaritanga o mate riro e whakarite kite wawe o te māuiuitanga me ki timata maimoatanga i te wā.

momo o te tikanga

Ka taea e matüora Genetics technique i maha momo. Kua wehewehea katoa o ratou ki e rua ngā rōpū:

1. tikanga matüora, e hāngai ana ki te rapunga o etahi hua matüora. he tika ki huringa i roto i te mahi o ngā irarā tenei.
2. Te tikanga, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te meka ki te kitea tika rereke waikawa karihi me pūmua i te electrophoresis rā i roto i ngā ki ētahi atu tikanga pērā i hybridization te tongi Southern, autoradiography.

tauturu tikanga matüora ki te tāutu i ngā kawe iraruakē o tini o nga mate. tukanga Mutational i roto i te tinana tangata arata'i ki te ahua o ngā irarā me rearrangements pūira, e he kino mo te hauora tangata.

Ka taea e matüora tikanga tātaritanga kitea polymorphisms rerekē me ngā irakētanga ira. tauturu whakapai ake o ngā tikanga matüora me te tātaritanga matüora o to tatou wa ki te tautuhi me te whakau i te maha o disorders rerekē o ngā tukanga pūkoro o te tinana.

arotakengia tēnei tuhinga i te taha o te tātari matüora.