Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich: A Biography, auaha

Ko o te whakaaro e te takoto āhua i runga i te tama a te tangata rongonui nga iwi. Heoi, whakahaere te tama a te kaitito Russian rongonui Dmitri Shostakovich Maxim ki turaki rawa nga hau taurite. Piana me te kaiwhakahaere i te Atua, ka mohiotia ia puta noa i te whakawhetai ao ki te taranata waiata kowhatu me te mahi tamau.

Whanau, me te ora wawe

whanau Maxim Shostakovich i roto i Leningrad, Mei 10, 1938. Ko rongonui puta noa i te kaitito Soviet Union Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich tona papa. whaea o te tamaiti, ko te fīsiki Nina Vasilevna Varzar e i muri te faaipoiporaa i pai ki te waihanga i tētahi mahi pūtaiao, me te i oti rawa ia ki tana tahu, me ngā tamariki. Haunga Maxim, tupu ake te tokorua te tamahine matamua Galina. taumaru iho nga tau wawe o te ora o te tamaiti i te taha o te Pakanga II o te Ao. tutaki whakapaenga o Leningrad Shostakovich i tona ake whenua. Here i te mahi Dmitri i runga i tona rongonui Fitú Symphony, i i päpäho muri i te reo irirangi i noho nga kau Nasí te whakapaipai raki mo te katoa nui Soviet Union. I roto i 1942, te kaitito me tona utuafare i whakatahia ki Kuibyshev (Samara), a ka oho i muri mai i te tau ki a Moscow Shostakovich. I roto i te Leningrad kihai ratou i taea hoki.

Te hononga ki tona papa, kaitito

mau Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich haamana'oraa aroha e pā ana ki tona papa. whakaahuatia e ia ia kia rite ki te tangata o rerekē whakaaro nui, me te mohio. Ko te kaitito me tana wahine whakaarahia ratou tamariki i te tauira, ki te rāno i roto ratou huru maitatai anake. Little Maxim a Galina kahore e mohio ki ta whiu tinana. Ki te mahia e ratou tetahi hara, takoha tona papa ratou ki te hoatu i te mahi tuhituhi e kore ki te mahi i nui ake na. I muri i taua, e kore i taea e ara nga tamariki whakaaro e pā ana ki utuutuhia tutu ranei ki ngā mātua.

mate whaea

ko Papa hoki Maxim me tona tuahine mana unquestioned, me tona whaea - vahine, muri pono me te kaitohutohu mateaki. Kia aroha mai, kihai i Nina Vasilyevna i 1954, ka haere tana tama ma ono tau. ko te matenga o tona whaea he mate nui o te taitamariki Maxim, ki nei kihai i taea e ia farii i. I maoro i muri i te matenga o tana wahine tuatahi, marena Dmitry Shostakovich kaimahi rōpū Margaret Kaynova. Te faaipoiporaa ki a ia kihai i muri roa, me i 1962, kua Maxim he kōkā hou Irina Antonovna Supinskaya, i mahi ai rite ētita o te whare whakaputa "Composer Soviet". Ki te tona papa noho noa tona mate i roto i te tau 1975.

Ko te whakatau ki te riro i te pēne

Dmitri Shostakovich i te wawe tau ka mau ia tana tama ki taupupu me konohete. meinga te mahi a Pope faahiahia o te tamaiti, a ka hinga ia i roto i te aroha ki te waiata i tona ngakau katoa, e kore ia i taea e whakaaro kahore ratou oraraa tonu. I roto i te 1946, ka haere Maxim ki te whakatakanga o te taratimere 8 o tona papa, a, i mīharo hohonu e te mahi o te virtuoso kaiwhakahaere Evgeniya Mravinskogo. I muri i taua, ngaro taua ia e i roto i te heke mai ka e whai wāhi dirizhorstvom.

Akoranga i roto i te kura o Music me Conservatory

riro Maxim D. he mātauranga pai. I raro i te aronga o Helena Petrovna Joven ako ia piana i te kura Music o te Moscow Conservatory. manatu tona Pūtātaki kaiako te wahine nei mahi pono te toi o te waiata. I muri i te kura nui tomo ia te manga piana o te Moscow Conservatory. Here, ko Shostakovich tama a te kaiako i te piana tino Soviet Yakov pepa. Ko te whakamātautau tomokanga mo te whakauru ki te tangata taitama Conservatory takaro te concerto piana tuarua, tito e tona papa rongonui. I te wha o nga tau whakawhiti ia ki te manga Shostakovich kaiwhakahaere o. Here i ana kaiako pēnei conductors rongonui rite Nikolai Rabinovich, Alexander Gauk ko Gennady Rozhdestvensky.

mahi kaiwhakahaere i roto i te USSR

I puta ia i te Conservatory i roto i 1963. Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich ka ia he pēne tino kaiāwhina o te Moscow Symphony Orchestra Veroniki Borisovny Dudarovoy. Fakataha ki a ia, kua haere ia ki runga ki haere puta noa i te Soviet Union. 3 tau i muri mai, i mahi i te kaiwhakatangitangi taitamariki i te State Symphony Orchestra o te USSR. Hoko ko te kaiāwhina o te kaiwhakahaere nui Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov, tuatahi haere tama a te kaitito ki waho. I roto i tona mahi i te State Orchestra, kua haere ia katoa i runga i Europe, tae mai te United States, Canada, Mexico ko Japan.

I muri i te otinga o te kaiāwhina wā i Svetlanova Maxim Dmitrievich i karangatia ki te mahi i roto i te Symphony Orchestra o katoa-Union Radio ko Whakaata Central. Muri, i whakaritea e ia tona rangatira pēne. Maxim tama 1971 Shostakovich a riro te rangatira o te Symphony Orchestra o te Manatū o Culture o te Soviet Union. puritia tenei kaiwhakahaere tūranga mō te 10 tau. I roto i te 1978, no te whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te waiata, i whakawhiwhia e ia te taitara o te Artist kororia o te RSFSR.

I roto i te 1979, i hanga Maxim Shostakovich tona tuatahi hei kaiwhakahaere opera. I raro i tona kaiārahi, i tukua ai e rave rahi opera, tae atu "Lady Macbeth o te Takiwa Mtsensk", "ihu" a na i runga i. D.

Hūnuku ki te US

Ahakoa o te "pakanga makariri" i waenganui i te Soviet Union me nga āhua Western, Maxim Shostakovich, biography whakaaro nei i roto i tenei tuhinga, kua korero ki waho. Tona tuatahi rite te faatere i waho te whenua ka mau wahi i roto i 1968 i roto i te pane a Ingarangi. Na ka hoatu e ia ki te Royal Festival Hall ki te London Philharmonic Orchestra. He tau i muri mai, Maksim Dmitrievich ki State Orchestra haere ki hāereere US tour nui.

Haere i runga i nga whenua capitalist, ka kite te tama a Shostakovich pehea he akono te kāwanatanga Soviet ona toi. i nui haere amuamu ki te ora i roto i te USSR ki ia tau e haere ake me te ake. I te pae hopea, i roto i te 1981 i roto i te haerenga o Germany Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich ka mau ahau i tetahi whakatau u kore ki te hoki ki to ratou fenua. Tona rere atu i te Soviet Union i he tuhipoka porotēhi tōrangapū. hiahia kaiwhakahaere ki te tākaro i te waiata e rite ratou, nui atu i te whai pē whakahau "i runga ake". tae mai Thoughts e pā ana ki te hekenga reira i mua, engari tae noa ki a ora papa, kihai ia i ahei te utu ki te maka i te reira. I muri i te matenga o Dmitri Shostakovich i 1975, ka ara kaha te hiahia ki te mawhiti i te USSR. Stagnation e taupokina āhuatanga katoa o te ora i roto i te whenua te titiro ki a Shostakovich Jr. tonu. hiahia e ia ana tamariki me mootua tupu ake i roto i te whenua noa. mahue ia i muri i te haerenga i roto i Germany ki tana tama Dmitri, kaiwhakahaere i muri i te ia heke ia ki te United States. Ko te whakaaro e tetahi ra whakaturia ano e ia waewae ki runga ki te oneone Russian, kihai i ia.

mahi ngaio i roto i te whakarau

ka mau mahi toi o Shostakovich āhua i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, kahore iti angitu atu i roto i te USSR. I roto i te 1983, ahu ia te Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, i arahina hoki e rua nga tau. I roto i te tau i 1986-1991 Maxim Dmitrievich tino faatere o te Philharmonic Orchestra o New Orleans. Noho i roto i te United States, ki te mahi pakeke a kaha te raveraa tonu Shostakovich. I tua atu ki te ora ngā, i whai wāhi ia i roto i recordings o symphonies me concertos piano o tona papa. I roto i te 1994, ka haere mai te faatere mo te wa tuatahi i muri i te hekenga ki Russia i tour. Ahakoa te hiahia ngaio i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, ko reira maha ta'elata. I roto i te 1997, ka hoki ia ko tona hapu ki a Russia, a noho i roto i St Petersburg.

Ko nga wahine me tamariki a te kaiwhakahaere

I rua marenatia Maxim Shostakovich. I runga i te wahine tuatahi o te piana, me te kaiwhakahaere mohiotia iti rawa. I roto i te faaipoiporaa i te reira i roto i 1961. Ko te tama, ko wai i roto i te honore o te koroua rongonui ko Dmitry. I muri puruti'a me tona papa i te Soviet Union, noho ia mo etahi wa i roto i te United States, i muri i nei ia whakangaueuetia ki France. whai wāhi Dmitry Maksimovic i tito waiata mō synthesizers hiko.

Ko te ingoa hoa o nāianei o Shostakovich Marina. Tana tama, marenatia te kaitito i muri i neke ki te United States. faaipoiporaa Tuarua a ia e rua tamariki - te tamahine Maria me tama Maxim, e hoki haere i te ara auaha. Mai tamarikitanga, ka mau ratou wahi i roto i te kōnohete, ako ki te tākaro mea whakatangi.

I to outou oraraa whaiaro kore e taea amuamu Maxim Shostakovich. Wahine Marina i kore anake te whaea o ana tamariki mo a ia, heoi whakaaro tenei tautoko tana wahine pūmanawa i roto i kaha katoa. kite kaiwhakahaere ia mo te wa tuatahi i roto i tona korero i te ahiahi waiata i roto i te Whare o Kauae. Marina, e ka tonu i te kura, i runga i nga tohutohu o te kaiako te aroaro tana tane heke mai te hainga o puawai. Te whakauru nui i muri ka mau te tokorua. Ko te romance i waenganui Maksimom Dmitrievichem ko Marina timata tata te aroaro o tona hekenga ki Amerika. marenatia ratou kua i roto i te Amerika, te wahi i mahue ia i muri ia aroha. He te hoki i te tokorua, he tamahine, me he tama.

Noho tahi me te wahine tuarua

I roto i te US, tae mai te wā, Maxim Shostakovich ko Marina Siu hahi me monasteries. Ratou wahi tino ko te hahi iti o St Nicholas, hanga e nga tautooraa o te kaihoahoa rererangi tino Igorya Sikorskogo. Ko te whakatau ki te hoki ki Russia i hanga e te hoa faaipoipo i muri timata ratou tamariki ki te tupu ake. Ua hinaaro ratou tupu ake to ratou uri i roto i te taiao Russian a kawea ake i roto i te iho Siu. Ahakoa te meka e te kaiwhakahaere me tana wahine i mua i neke ki te United States noho i roto i Moscow, i muri i tona whare hoki, noho ratou i roto i St Petersburg - he pa whanau te wahi i Maxim Shostakovich. kaiwhakahaere, noho te hapu i roto i te ngakau o te pa rongonui i runga i te Neva. hoki Shostakovich ki waiata, a tomo Marina ora tūmatanui. Ngā mihi ki a ia mau tautooraa i te hahi o St. Catherine i roto i te kura St. Petersburg i whakatuwheratia, i roto i nei tamariki, i roto i te tua ki ngā kaupapa matua, i whakaako waiata, tuhi me te kanikani. ko te Tama me te tamahine Shostakovich roto te tuatahi o ona ākonga. I muri mai, whai wāhi te tokorua i roto i te hanga o te institution mātauranga i roto i Pavlovsk.

Hoki ki te mahi a te taeae faatere i roto i Russia

I roto i te pane a te raki, ka mau ake ia he mahi ngaio kaha Shostakovich, Maksim Dmitrievich. noho tonu Music wahi nui i roto i tona ora. timata kaiwhakahaere ki te mahi ki tā me'alea i Moscow, St Petersburg me ētahi atu pa Russian. I tua atu, ka hoki ia ki te pūkete o mahi ka timata ki te whakahaere whakaaturanga huarahi. E ai ki Maxim Shostakovich, homai te waiata ia te mana'o e, ko tona papa tonu ki a ia, a ka hari i roto i tona angitu.