Soft witi: whakaahuatanga, māra, te whakamahi

no momo witi Soft ki nga momo o tipu herbaceous ā-tau. Ko te tino nuitia tūpono pata utuafare me mjatlikovyh. Ko te wā tuatahi o te witi ngohengohe i kitea mano o nga tau ki muri i runga i te rohe o Turkey o tenei ra. I roto i to tatou ra o tenei totokore te nuinga hanga hua parāoa, ahakoa i reira e te tahi atu mau rave'a ki te whakamahi i tenei hua ahuwhenua. Ko te tikanga i roto i i tupu witi ngohengohe, e kore e whai titauraa teitei i runga i te āhuarangi, pera he reira tino noa i roto i Russia.

Whakaahuatanga o te tipu

Whakarerekētanga witi ko 100 cm, i nga awhe toharite o 60-80 cm. I roto i te tīmatanga o te tipu wae kitea pakeketanga ranei me culm he tuwhera, me te kikokore. Rau tae 16 mm i whanui, i roto i te tukanga tupu whiwhi pakeke. Mau, whakaritea taringa o te witi tona ingoa - i tona kakano ngohengohe he rerekē fragility, engari e āhuatanga e elasticity. Ko te Junctions o nga taringa o te rarangi tuarua ki te pokapū tuaka kahore paihere makawe.

I te tihi o te āputa inflorescence i taringa pātata Pine -7 mm. I te wa ano, taringa i āhua rite tawhā o te roa, me te whanui. Ko te unahi, e E kopakia ana taringa witi kei roto i te raupapa 10 mm te roa o, i te he i te mutunga koi i te takere. Ko te niho poto, e anga ana ki runga ki te waho tenei - he ahua o te pūrere tiaki mō ngā tipu.

Kei hea te mahinga reira?

I roto i te rārangi o nga hua tino rongonui tenei ahua o mau te lekooti mo te rohe e nohoia e te ao. Kua whai wāhi te toronga taua undemanding ki ngā takiwā makariri i roto i nei ahurea e taea tupu oneone, me te. Heoi, whai tonu etahi momo etahi fakangatangata. Hei tauira, witi raumati optimally whanake i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te 25 ki te 40 °. Tenei rohe witi pera-ka karanga te nuinga wāhi ahuwhenua ki āhuarangi pai.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga motuhake, ka waiho reira Europe me Ahitereiria. I roto i te take o ngā rohe Pākehā taea kōrero e pā ana ki te tipu ake i roto i nga rohe steppe me steppe ngahere. E arahina hoki kaimahi Ahitereiria i te whakahaere o nga mara witi i runga i te wāhi steppe. horahia te reira i tenei tikanga i roto i Te Tai Tokerau me Amerika ki te Tonga, i reira te mea kua ngakia i roto i te toafa me pampas. Kaua e whakarere i te tipu me te kaimahi Russian. Ka kitea tënei i te tukua o te witi, i te mea he toharite o 26-28 kg / ha ia wa.

Ko te whakarōpū matua o te witi ngohengohe

Ko te kounga matua o te witi, ko te kaha ki te hanga i pumuawiti. Ko reira i tenei taonga whakawhirinaki i runga i te āhuatanga o ngā hua parāoa. Witi i muri i te tukatuka tuatahi haere ki te hanga hua rimurapa, pata, me te māngaro. Hei whakatau i te pai o te kai mo ngā hiahia rerekē i kua whakaurua whakarōpū taketake o te witi e hāngai ana i runga i te ihirangi pūmua me te pumuawiti-free, me te tona kounga. Mai i te huinga o ngā momo o ngā kaimahi te kounga, me te te aroaro o poke e wehea witi ngohengohe ki rima ngā kāwai. Ko te kupu i roto i ngā o te pumuawiti witi tonu i roto i te mata, ko te mārō, engari e hiahiatia ana tona māra te ki te ū ki atu pākaha tikanga agro-makariri, me tenei e taea e kore i roto i ngā rohe katoa.

Kounga whakarōpū o paraoa

Whakarite i te kaha paraoa hāngai te i runga i rua tohu matua - mahi paru, me te kounga o te pumuawiti. E toru ngā akomanga, e rerekē i roto i te huinga o ngā tohu o ēnei āhuatanga. Ko te piha haapiiraa tuatahi ko te kaha witi, āhuatanga nei i te te ihirangi tiketike pūmua, pumuawiti kareao me te rapa, me te tangiwai nui. O te paraoa, whakaputaina i runga i te pūtake o taua purapura, he witi maiengi, me te nuinga. Ka rite ki te mea pakeke witi, he anga taua hoki ngā hua parāoa taea te whakapai ake i te witi ngoikore. māngai te rōpū tuarua e te mana toharite o te purapura, e kore e taea te mahi pera me pūtohu o ngoikore witi, engari i ngā āhuatanga tino pai mō te hanga o ngā hua parāoa. Ko te kāwai tuatoru - he ngoikore witi, me ona huru maitatai tunu i raro. Mai i te manako te reira he nui iti o ngā hua mira witi, e rerekē i roto i te porosity taratara. He tikanga te ngoikore witi ngohengohe tapaea he nui iti o te pūmua, me te pumuawiti. Kei te whakamahia i tēnei paraoa mo te hanga o te rare.

māra

I roto i Russia, kua ngakia reira me te hotoke, me te puna witi. I te wa ano te wahi o kaute witi ngohengohe hoki e pā ana ki 95%. Mō 45% o tenei wahi, ko te hotoke witi, tupu nei te nuinga i roto i te rohe tonga, me te pokapū. Taua momo angitu pai no te riro ratou ātete ki te huka. E taea te whakakahore ake ki te -35 nekehanga ratou. Heoi, takurua kino hoki taua witi snowless.

Hoki katoa o fertility faufaa nui, me te makuku oneone. Winter rapu rawaka makuku i roto i germination. Ki te matewai, mahi ratou pai atu i te puna witi. Ka rite ki te kotakota fertilizing atu whakamahia - rite te tikanga, tenei tikanga o te tongi whakamahia i roto i te oneone ki te kawatanga tiketike. No nia i te wā o te purapura, kia whai i te witi hotoke i te wa o te tīmatanga o te huka wā tillered - runga taua mea, ka arahina e te agronomists mātanga. I roto i ngā āhuatanga tauraki mahi hoki whakakiato i. I roto i te puna i te oneone hanga Urea me haukini pākawa, engari anake ki te mauriora ki te whenua e i roto i te hauota.

āhuatanga mira o witi

Ko te tukanga o te huri titau mīhini motuhake ki te hono pau i roto i te akoranga o te nui etahi o te pūngao. Tei runga i te kaha pau e whakaritea e te uara o te paraoa witi. hāngai ana ona whakatau i runga i te maha 'ulungaanga o te ahurea, tae atu ki te huri, tuhono, te kohi pūngao, ka tangohia ano na runga i. D. ki pūkete, me te autaki āhuatanga, pērā i taurite, āhua me te pungarehu. Natura - he mehua o te papatipu o te rōrahi witi, e taea te whakahuatia i roto i rita. Ko te iti tenei uara ko, te raro te nui o te paraoa. Kei te hoki āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te witi ngohengohe hāngai, e tino tikanga te tawhā o te witi. rahi witi Toharite o te āhua auau whakatairanga ake tōtika kounga, me te paräoa.

āhuatanga kai o te witi

Kei roto taringa witi maha āhuatanga whai hua, tae atu ki ngā ngako ki pūmua, te warowaihā me ngā kohuke. ihirangi pumuawiti Rawa kai e rerekē te momo tino faufaa o te witi. hua tenei papatipu rapa-rite te i purapura minita hurihia. tukanga hangarau whai wāhi horoi o taua mea ki te wai, ai te whakarato i te kukū nui o ngā wāhanga pūmua rite glutenin me gliadin. I tua atu, witi ngohengohe i roto i te puka tukatuka taea Kei māngaro, cellulose me te ngako i roto i rahinga iti. Ko te wahi o wāhanga pūmua kiia hoki 80%, me te māngaro e ake e pā ana ki te 20% o te pumuawiti.

tono

Nuinga o ngā wā, whakamahia tenei te rite te witi totokore mo ngā hua parāoa. i te morota ahurea hua, i mohiotia te rite i te pia witi hoki. Kei te whakamahia me byproducts - hei tauira, i muri i witi he parani, e taea te whakamahi i roto i te kai o te kararehe. Hoatu momo witi ngohengohe, a mo te ahumahi māngaro ahumahi me te bioethanol. Heoi, e kore e ariki i roto i ngā o te whakamahi o raw witi enei ahumahi. I te iti rawa, i reira e he rota o hua totokore, he ake noa nei i roto i ngā wāhi o te production ahumahi. Ko atu arotahi i runga i te wāhanga kai tonu Wheat.

mutunga

whai wāhi whānui witi ki tona tapatahi ki te tikanga agro-āhuarangi me ngā āhuatanga mira tino arotau mō te te tukatuka ki te whiwhi taonga tunua-kounga tiketike. I roto i tenei whakaaro, witi ngohengohe ko te tino pai rauemi raw mō te ahumahi kai. kawea mai nga mahi ahuwhenua o nāianei ki te mua tika rite te momo puna tino tika ana mō te māra i roto i nga tikanga o te āhuarangi Russian. Ko hua te hotoke noho te wahi nui o te rohe ngakia katoa. he pai hoki te māra i roto i ngā āhuatanga iti pai tenei witi, na kua whakamahia reira mo te wahi tino i roto i te rohe o te raki o te whenua.