State me te hapori ā-i roto i te tirohanga o mua

Ka taea e tatou te mea e te ariā o te āhua o te kāwanatanga me te hapori ā- , puta taunekeneke ki ia atu ara i mua i te putanga o te wā. Ko te tuatahi "ite" i te āhuatanga o te pūnaha pāpori, Platon, miramira ratou rite te kaupapa taonga motuhake. hoatu e ia enei wae taketake ki tona ariā o te "āhua pai". Aristotle whakawhanake postulate e te tangata - he politikon zoon, arā, te ngā pāpori, me te tōrangapū, ka tae ki te mutunga i te āhua ko te hua tūturu o te tōrangapū wawata o tangata, Heoi, i reira e te tahi mau wāhi - ohaoha, raua moe tahi me te whānau, wairua - kei hea te kāwanatanga e kore tika ki te hewa. Aristotle tuhia e te taonga me te piha haapiiraa waenganui, e rua i to ratou ake, ko te pūtake o te pūmautanga o te hapori tangata.

whai nui ki te whanaketanga o te ariā o te āhua o ki te taunekeneke ki a rātou anō te hapori kāwanatanga me te tivira, kawea kaituhi Italian Niccolo Machiavelli. Ia e hoatu ana i te āhua tōrangapū kaha, e kore e tonu haere ringa i roto i te ringa ki te morare. Statesmen, mahi mō ngā take tōrangapū, me kore kia tukino hoki ki ofati i te taonga me te tika whaiaro o tangata, i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te whakaoho ake mauahara ki hapori iho. Ko te kupu, whakatakoto Machiavelli te koā ko tuatahi, me te tino nui o te hapori ā - ko reira te tahi mea motuhake, te tahi mea e ora e ona ture ake e kore e ngohengohe ki te āhua nei.

Whakaaro pehea te hono reira kāwanatanga me te hapori ā-, te Ingarihi tohe Thomas Hobbes te kupu te tuatahi o te whakamutunga ki te kāwanatanga, me te tuatahi ki te whakauru i tenei wā i roto i te revolution pūtaiao. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o liberalism Dzhon Lokk Hobbes whakawhanakehia he ariā e pā ana ki te tuatahi o te hapori ā-, a mutu e whakatika ake te kāwanatanga anake ina kua hua te hapori i tēnei hiahia. Nā tēnei, whakawhanake Locke tona whakaaro, i reira nga wa, no te kahore i te āhua (no te mea kahore he hiahia hoki reira), a ka tae mai i te wa ka kore e hiahia te reira hapori. Roto i te hanga i te whakamāramatanga o te hapori taua, karanga Locke reira te matua tino o te ōritetanga o ona ngā mema katoa ki te aroaro o te ture.

whakaaro Montesquieu te kāwanatanga me te hapori ā-rite e rua hanganga tahi ngangautanga, me kerēme e te muri, ko te he paruru faufaa ki tonotono me arbitrariness o nga mana. haere Jean-Zhak Russo atu me whakaae te tika o te mau melo o te hapori ki te turaki i te kāwanatanga. He whakaaro maui-parirau XIX-XX rautau - Karl Marx ko Antonio Gramsci, me ētahi atu philosopho hou me pūtaiao tōrangapū - ngä me te faahohonu i te matauranga o te taata e pā ana ki te tūranga o te hapori ā-i roto i te ora tūmatanui. Dictatorships me coups hurihuri titiro hononga ihoa i waenganui i enei ari pāpori e rua: ko te āhua o te tāwhai, tautoko ratou, ka taurite tahi i te tahi, tuhurihuri ki taua pepeha nunui rite ao totalitarianism tino me ihe.

Haapapu, te meka ko e te pūtahi taketake o te hapori ā-, pērā i te ngā rōpū tōrangapū, pāpāho motuhake, hapori ā-, ngā rōpū tika tangata, te whakarei ake anake te mahi tika o te mana tōrangapū me te mahi o ona mau ohipa. I runga i te tetahi ringa, enei pūtahi rapu ki te mana te hunga i roto i te kaha, ki te rohe o ratou pānga i runga i te ia oraraa o tangata. arata'i tenei ki te meka e kua te kāwanatanga ki te hanga ture e kī tika iwi mau me herekore rite ki te hua o nei i te iwi noa te whai wāhi ki te whakaawe i te kāwanatanga o tona whakatau. hapori hou Western whai, me te whakawhanakehia - ko te hua o te whakaaro-hanga pūtahi o te hapori ā-hihiri ki te mana kāwanatanga. Notemea totalitarian - a wiriwiri, rite whakaaturia e te "Spring Arab" - te āhua kei tonu i roto i te tuwhera ngaro ranei whawhai ki nga uniana motuhake rapu ki te faaohipa mahi mana. A mai "Ko tonu pai atu i te whawhai pai te rongo kino" te, hiri te whakarau o enei tikanga whakahaere e.