Suburbanization - Ko e ariā? He aha te mea te rerekētanga tāone, de-tāone me te suburbanization?

Te tangata - he oranga, o te akoranga, pāpori, rapu i te kamupene o ētahi atu. Ko te aha taupori o te ao tonu ki "rere" ki nga pa nui. I te tahi atu te ringa, iwi - te taiao. Ko ha konga o te huānga tūturu, te takotoranga whenua māori. Ko te kupu, pa me ngā wāhi taiao - kahore ahumahi me te whakapau noho i tenei ra i te tuaka matua e rua huri noa i faaafaroraa te ora o te hapori hou.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka aparau i tatou ariā e pā ana ki te wāhanga whakamahere tāone. He aha te mea te suburbanization, de-tāone me te tāone? He aha te mea te tikanga o enei ariā e toru?

Te tikanga o "tāone"

Ko te wā "tāone" ahu te i te Latino kupu "a Urupane", e whakamāoritanga rite "pa". I raro i tāone (i roto i te tikanga whānui) ki matau i te tupu o te tūranga o te pa o te i roto i te ora tangata, me te hapori. I roto i te tikanga whaiti, ko reira he tukanga o te tipu o te taupori tāone me te "waipuke" o te iwi i te whenua - i roto i nga pa, me megacities.

I te tāone, rite te āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga, me te tukanga, mātātoa anga ki te kōrero i roto i te waenganui o te rautau rua tekau, ka timata te ōrau o te taupori tāone ki te whakapiki ake i tere. Ko te take hoki tenei ko te whanaketanga o te ahumahi i roto i nga pa, te putanga o enei hou mahi, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whanaketanga o ngā mahi ahurea me te mātauranga i roto i ngā wāhi tāone.

Kua tāutuhia Scientists he maha o ngā āhuatanga o ngā tukanga tāone, ara:

• te tauheke o o te whenua - i roto i te pa;
• te huringa o te kainga - i roto i te whakataunga tāone;
• te hanganga o te nui, me te katoa wāhi tapa tāone o whakataunga.

I te pātai "He aha te mea suburbanization, tāone, de-tāone, ruralisation?" tutaki geourbanistika pūtaiao - tetahi o nga wāhi tino nui o te geography tangata hou.

Ki te ariā o "tāone" he e pā ana tata ki te āhuatanga o pera-ka karanga tāone teka, i te mea angamaheni mo taua rohe rite Latin America ko Tonga Asia. He aha te tāone teka. I roto i te meka, he mea noa poauau tupu o nga pa, e kore e nei i haere tahi e te hua e tika ana i roto i ngā mahi, me te whanaketanga o te hanganga e pā ana. Ka rite ki te hua, te taupori tuawhenua tika noa "ngā" i roto i te pa nui. tāone teka, te tikanga haere tahi e te puhake i roto i kore mahi me te ahua i roto i te pa, pera-ka karanga "hawa" - e kore e tikanga hoki noa te tangata noho tāone.

Ko te taumata o te tāone i roto i te whenua rerekē

United Nations Tari o Economic me Social Affairs tau faaineine te whakatauranga muri o te tāone o te ao. E faaterehia teie mau akoranga, mai i 1980.

Ko te taumata o te tāone - ko te ōrau o te taupori tāone ki te tapeke taupori o te whenua. A e kore ko te taua i roto i nga whenua rerekē o te ao ia. Ko te kupu, e whakaritea te auau teitei o te tāone (ki te kore te tango ki roto ki pūkete te āhua papaka, arā, o tetahi pa) i roto i Kuwait, Qatar, Belgium, me Malta. I roto i enei whenua katoa tohu o tāone nui 95%. Ano, Ko te tino nui i roto i Tiorangi, Argentina, Japan, e Iharaira, Uruguay ko Venezuela (runga ake 90%) te taumata o te noho tāone.

ahua Russian i roto i te rangatira rite ki whakatau tata UN ko 74%. Kei raro tāone tauanga kei Papua New Guinea me te Burundi (ki kuputohu o tāone 12.6 me 11.5% aua). I roto i Europe, he angamaheni hoki Moldova (49 ōrau) te auau tāone i raro.

Ko te ariā o te agglomeration tāone

ngā wāhi tāone - he āhuatanga e te tühonohono te ki te tukanga o te noho tāone. Tenei tukanga o whakakotahi nga nohoanga tāone tata i roto i te pūnaha matatini, me te integrated. I roto i tenei pūnaha, ki te whakaputa tauwhiro me kaha kōrero: production, waka, pūtaiao, me te ahurea. ngā wāhi tāone - ko tetahi o te wāhanga tukanga tāone māori.

E rua ngā momo matua o agglomerations:

• monocentric (i hanga e te karihi pokapū o te pa);
• polycentric (haaputuputuraa o te maha nohoanga tāone ōrite).

He āhuatanga hoki te wāhi tāone nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Pūhui pa pokapū ki te atu pa pātata me pa (kahore tino discontinuities rohe).
2. Me tika nui te rahi o ngā wāhi hanga-ake i roto i te wāhi tāone te ōrau o te whenua ahuwhenua.
3. Hoki tetahi agglomeration āhuatanga e Commuting rā - mahi, mātauranga, ahurea, me te tāpoi.

E ai ki te UN, i runga i to tatou paraneta, i reira he kore iti iho i te 450 ngā wāhi tāone, ia o nei ora i te iti rawa, kotahi miriona iwi. Te agglomeration nui i roto i te ao e mōhiotia ana e te Area Metropolitan Tokyo, e te mea te kāinga ki a tawhio noa 35 miriona te iwi. Ko te whenua ārahi i roto i te katoa maha o agglomerations tāone he: China, USA, India, Brazil ko Russia.

agglomerations Urban i roto i Russia

Mea faahiahia, i roto i Russia i te taumata kāwanatanga kua kahore kaute o agglomerations tāone i roto i te whenua. Na reira, i te taunakitanga i runga i tenei take kia kia paku rerekē i ia atu.

Heoi, i roto i te rohe o Russia faaoti ki te tohatoha 22 agglomeration. Ko te nui rawa o ratou e whai ake (i roto i ngā reu tohu i te maha āwhiwhiwhi o te iwi):

1. Moscow (e pā ana ki te 16 m).
2. St. Petersburg (5.6m).
3. Samara-Toliattinskaya (2.3m).
4. Ekaterinburgskaya (2.2m).
5. Rostov (1.7m).

Ki ngā wāhi tāone Russian angamaheni o ahumahi tiketike o te rohe, he taumata tiketike o te whanaketanga hanganga, he maha nui o te rangahau me te mātauranga teitei pūtahi. Ko te nuinga o nga agglomerations i Russia e monocentric, e ko, to ratou tetahi, he pokapū motuhake, e whakahaere te tahi atu kainga katoa me waho.

Suburbanization: definition

Na ko reira e tika ana ki te whakaaro i ētahi atu ariā e kaha e whakamahia i roto i te rangahau tāone. Suburbanization - Ko e o te ariā, me te mea ko tona ngako?

Kei te tomo tenei wā ki te whakamahi kaha i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rautau rua tekau. Suburbanization - tahi tenei tītohunga e te whanaketanga hohe o waho ake - rohe kei huri noa nga pa nui.

Ki te mutunga o te rau tau whakamutunga, ka anga he maha tipu o te iwi ki te neke ki te mata o te pa, atu i te reo o wheketere, me te rangi paru me te ofi ange ki whenua tūturu. I te wa ano, e kore e enei "manene" timata ki te ngaki i te whenua me te whakaara heihei. tonu ratou ki te mahi i roto i te pa, te haamau'araa i te tahi haora i ia ra ki te tiki ki a i mahi. O te akoranga, ka taea suburbanization whakawhetai anake ki te whanaketanga o te motorization papatipu.

Noho tāone - ki te suburbanization!

Tata nei, ko te moheni "Te Economist" whakaputaina he tuhinga ngā ui ko e "Ko e Planet o nga wahi o waho ake." E ai ki te kuputuhi o te tuhinga, suburbanization - e kore he mea noa, engari he tāone "ke ana"! I muri i te katoa, te ao o teie mahana te pa me ngā wāhi tāone tupu anake i te utu o nga wahi o waho ake. Okotahi o "Te Economist" karanga rua anake metropolis hou - te reira London ko Tokyo.

Na inaianei e taea e matou te titiro he pikitia ngā: ki te 30-40 tau ki muri nga waho o nga pa nui kua riro "te kāinga" mo nga wāhanga iti o te taupori, engari inaianei kua puta ke katoa taa. Na inaianei e piki kitea hauwhā o whare whiriwhiri i roto i ngā wāhi tapa tāone.

He aha te mea te de-tāone?

I te pae hopea, e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi ki ano tetahi atu ariā. De-tāone - he tukanga ritenga te tāone (i te French "dez" - he whakakāhoretanga).

āhuatanga De-tāone e ngā tukanga o whakanohonoho o te taupori ki waho nga pa. I roto i te tikanga ao, te tikanga hoki te wā te whakakorehanga o te tūranga pai o te pa i roto i te hapori. Ko te whāinga matua o te ariā o de-tāone - ko ki te whakakore katoa i te pa nui o te ao.

I roto i te mutunga ...

Noho tāone, de-tāone, suburbanization ... Kei te tino whanaunga tata enei ariā katoa ki tahi i te tahi. Ki te tāone - ko te tukanga o te whakapai ake tūranga te pa o roto i te hapori, te suburbanization - ko, i runga i te anga ke, matamua o te taupori i roto i ngā wāhi tapa tāone.