Takenga MCHP: momo me ngā āhuatanga

International Private ture (IPL) - he pūnaha kotahi, e ko te tikanga o te ture kāinga o te State hononga, nga whakaaetanga, me ngā mahi o te faufaa ao hangaia ki te whakahaere i ā, ture, mahi, me te tahi atu hononga tūmataiti i roto i nei i reira ko te huānga ke. I roto i tenei take, ka taea e te whanaunga tūmataiti ture kia rua tangata ture, me te taiao. He aha te mea te pūtake, me rite te taua ka whakarato hoki taua kōrero?

Takenga MCHP: ariā me ngā momo

I roto i te pūtaiao ture Rauemi o te ture te ao kėia he ahua o te faaiteraa me whakatōpū o tikanga ture ao, i te mea huru o te pū. Me kï reira e rerekē te tawhā taimaha motuhake o te puna o MPP i whenua rerekē.

E tano ia tapao e i roto i tetahi me te whenua ano e taea te tono ture, tangohia i ngā mātāpuna rerekē. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te momo o te hononga ā-ture.

Whakarōpū o puna o te ture te ao

Tei runga i te uara ōkawa:

• puna Material o MPP ko nga peculiarities o te ora o te hapori, i te mea moku, ki te āhuatanga rauemi. I roto i enei ko nga whakaritenga whāinga o te whanaketanga pāpori, te tikanga o te ora rā, te wāhanga ōhanga, me te pera i runga i.
• puna ōkawa he whakaata matamaha o te ture.

Tei runga i te mea whiriwhiri hoki te whakataunga o tautohe momo o puna IPL e wehea ki:

• Key. Ēnei ngā whakaaetanga o auraa ao, tikanga ao pūāhua ture.
• Houalotú. Whakaurua tuhinga o te natura rerekē (whakapuakanga, tauākī, whakataunga, karanga me ētahi atu), e kua haina e nga mema o o nga whakahaere o te hōkai ao, whakawa, kupu tohunga moni i roto i te mara o te whanaunga ture te ao. Tata tuku ki rite te parau haapiiraa.

te mau parau tumu General me tikanga o te ture te ao

Ko te waihanga o "te mau parau tumu whānui" i rawe ki whakauru. Tahi mau aivanaa rongonui tautohe e te mau parau tumu whānui he mau marôraa mana'o o te takotoranga ture o te momo tuku iho, e kua mohiotia ara i roto i te ture Roma. He tauira pai ko nga tauākī e pā ana ki te meka e kore e te ture i pānga retroactive, he ture motuhake painga tūturu i runga i tikanga noa, me mahi i kawenata, me te pera i runga i. Kua tāutuhia Ētahi kaipūtaiao te ture whānui ki te parau tumu faufaa o te MP.

whakaaetanga ao

Whakaaetanga International - he kawenata o āhua e rua, neke atu rānei ki ia atu, ka waiho i roto i te tuhituhi me te kaupapa ki te ture na roto i te ture te ao.

Ko te āhua ao o te kirimana, ko te mahi ture o te tauira motuhake, i whakaritea nga tika, hiahia me ngā kawenga o te nui kaupapa o te ture te ao i roto i te pā ana ki tahi i te tahi. Ko te misioni o te kirimana taua - ki te whakahaere i nga whanaunga e puta i waenganui i ngā kaupapa o MPP, me te pūmanawa (e rua noa a panaia i te take o te taunoa o te tahi mau tūemi).

Ko te Tiriti International - ko te puna matua o MPP. Ka karanga te whakaaetanga taea rite rite koutou, i te mua "kirimana", "kirimana" me mutu ki "Convention", "pukapuka" a na i runga i. D. He aha te mea te ingoa mo te kawenata ao, whakatau ona taha, arotahi anake i runga i manakohanga whaiaro.

Ko te taa o te kawenata ao

Āhuatanga puna momo MPP raro whakaaro ko to ratou titauraa ture, e kore nei e ngaro tona kaha, e kore mea kahore e aha te ahua o ngā kaiuru whakaaetanga tīpakohia, me te mea kihai i ingoa reira. Whakataha o nga tikanga o te Tiriti e faatupu te hopoi'a hāngai.

puka o te kirimana

He aha ngā momo he puna o IPL? Ka Concept me momo kia kōrero i raro nei. Ko te kupu, kia te kawenata i waenganui i nga kaiuru o whanaunga ao i roto i te puka Written me waha. whakamahia te whakamutunga i roto i te wā tino onge, a i roto i te Russian Federation, ka taea e tatou te mea, e kore e mahi i te reira i te katoa. Kirimana waha ano hoki i huaina gentlemanly. e kore e whakaaetanga ao ratou, ano, e kore e whakapae i te āhua ture, rite tohu ratou he huinga o herenga morare.

mahi te āhua Russian te tuhia o ngā tiriti ao anake i roto i te tuhituhi.

whakarōpū

whakaaetanga International i te maha o te whakarōpū.

Tei runga i te ahanoa o puna MPP ture e wehea ki:

• ohaoha;
• kaupapa here;
• hōia;
• ētahi atu.

Tei runga i te maha o ngā mātāpuna tuatoru-rōpū MPP he:

• më;
• multilateral.

Tei runga i te wā o te mana:

• Akiaki (ohauru mo te tetahi wā o te wā);
• e tai'o mahana.

Tei runga i te kōwhiringa e wātea ana o hono rite te mema o puna SPE e wehea ki:

• tuwhera (kirimana, ki te riro i te rōpū kua te kaha ki te whenua tuatoru);
• kati (te kawenata i roto i nei me tautuku te kaiuru ki te whakaritenga i whakaritea me ngā paearu).

I runga i te ihirangi me te hanganga:

• momo puāwaitanga (titoa o te kupu whakataki, he tino me ngā wāhanga whakamutunga).
• māmā (kirimana e kua tae e te utu o ngā kōrero, me te tahi atu momo whakaritenga fixable i roto i nga mea tēnā).

puna kāinga o PIL: te anga ture

Ko runga ake te katoa te ture! I roto i te nuinga o nga whenua i te tikanga o te ture tūmataiti interstate ngā te ture motu Russian. Ka rite ki te puna o IPL, ngā reira mahi ture, e mahi rite te wāhitau matua, tono i te otinga hanganga ture.

Ko ratou kahore okotahi me ngā take e pā ana ki te ao ture whakaaro. I te hainatanga o te ture motuhake i roto i te mara o te ture tūmataiti hanga ona codification. hanga te kanorau whānui pepa ture kōrero e āhuatanga te huarahi o te tukanga whakawaehere e huarahi rerekē.

I roto i te Russia e kore ko MPP te pūnaha kotahi o codification o te ture i te taumata motu. Rauemi National o PIL i te Russian Federation i roto i kai i runga i te ture tūmataiti mo te whānui, pepa ture ahumahi-motuhake e kia tono ki tetahi taumata, me te kia o tetahi takenga. Ko te tūranga ārahi no ki te Ture Russian, i roto i te mana mai i 1993. Kei te mārama te reira i te hanga o te "kaupapa here tūmatanui o te whenua" kāwai. I tua atu, ko te Ture - he taputapu matua i roto i te whakatau i nga rohe whānui o te mahi o te ture take mai ke me ture i roto i te rohe o Russia.

Russian ture kāinga, kia rite ki te puna o IPL, kei tokomaha tikanga e whakahau paerewa momo tūtukitanga MPP. Ko te nui tino o ratou - te Code Civil o te Russian Federation. Whakaae o ona wahi motuhake rā hoki ki te 1994, 1996 me te 2001, aua.

He maha faahiahia o pakanga o paerewa me ngā Code Family Russian, i roto i te mana mai i te mutunga o 1995. International puna ture MPP ngā tenei tuhinga.

ture te ao Private i roto i Russia te hoki faaterehia e te ture me ngā ture e whakapumautia nga ture o tukanga o te mahi ohaoha me te haumi ke, te wahi i reira he whai wāhitanga ke. E āhuatanga puna te tikanga whakaaro o MPP i whīwhiwhi, engari kua tautuhi ratou tirotiro tikanga o whanonga, āhuatanga o te ahumahi ngā ture - whakahaere, pūtea, tikanga, mahi, ā, me te pera i runga i.

E tano ia tapao taua ture:

• "I rere haumi ke ki Russia," whāngai Hōngongoi 9, 1999
• "I te mahi haumi i roto i te Russian Federation, i te mea i roto i te puka o haumi whakapaipai", tika i 25 Pepuere 1999.
• "I runga i te Chamber of Commerce o te Russian Federation" o 1993
• "I te ture kāwanatanga o ngā mahi hokohoko ke" o 1995.
• Ko te 1998 "I te tukanga riihi," Mr.
• "I te mehua ki te tiaki i te whakatinanatanga o hoko hokohoko ke" o 1998.
• "Mana kaweake I" i 1999

Rauemi SPE, ngā i roto i te rārangi o mahi taketake o te iti-momo i roto i tenei rohe hoki ngā peresideniraa whakatau o te Federation Russian:

• "I te kāwanatanga o mahi ohaoha ke i roto i nga rohe o te RSFSR" o 1991.
• "I runga i te ao hou, o te mahi ki te haumi ke rere" i 1993
• "I runga i te mahi o ngā pūtahi pēke o te take mai ke, me te momo o te pareparenga tahi ki te whai wāhitanga o moni kore-noho i roto i te Russian Federation" i tuhia i 1993
• "Ko te attraction me te faaohiparaa o te mahi o te take mai ke" o 1993.
• "I tautoko nga mehua ki te kukume rerenga haumi ke i roto i te ao rauemi" i 1995
• "I runga i nga parau tumu faufaa o te mahi hokohoko ke o Russia" o 1995.
• "I te ture o whakawhitinga hokohoko hokohoko ke hei wāhanga o te kāwanatanga" e 1996

ritenga ao

Types Kei roto IPL puna me ngā tikanga o te hōkai ao. Hei tangohia āta te tika ki te riro i te mana o te tikanga te ao, me te whakatau i te reira e rave rahi tikanga:

• roanga tāruarua e wātea ana;
• whakahohenga i roto i te āhuatanga ōrite;
• whakaaetanga wātea tika ngaahi taumu◊a ko MPP ratou.

Ritenga - Ko te täkupu e, whakapumautia etahi wa i mua, te whakamahi o nei āhuatanga e auautanga. Heoi, e kore e tuhia reira ki hea. Ko te rerekētanga matua i te ture ritenga ao tenei.

āhuatanga

tikanga International He tino rite ki te mau. Ko te rerekētanga matua ko te aroaro ngaro ranei o te kaha ture.

ka hei Ture me mahi ao i runga i te tauine motu here anake i runga i aua kaupapa SPE, i roto i te State o e kua mohio ratou.

tikanga MPP i roto i te Russian Federation i reira e te ao ture, me te hokohoko. kitea e te whakamutunga ona whakamahi kaha i roto i whenua i reira te tauhokohoko he halá, i roto i ngā moreplavatelnaya.

taunakitanga

Ka taea te tautuhi i te tikanga i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• whakaaetanga whānui;
• taurite i roto i te tono;
• āhukahuka o te ture obligatory i roto i ngā ture.

Ritenga me te peu

He rite ēnei ariā me īnaki ki ia atu. Ritenga - täkupu e whanonga, i te mea whakahauanga, i kore tika whakamahia i roto i te tono. e kore e kore-hanganga ture whakawehi kaupapa MPP fatongia ture ao. Ko taea ngāwari te peu noa, me te unconstrained tahuri ki puna ao o PIL (tikanga), ki te mohio tenei tika e rite te tikanga ture o te ao. Hei whakatau rite ina riro te peu te tikanga, e kore e taea.

ritenga International, me tiriti ao

Ko te hononga o enei puna IPL rua ko e whai ake:

• I roto i te nuinga o te wā, ritenga ao whakaritea i runga i te pūtake kirimana, whakapumautia e te i te kawenata, i tomo ki roto ki te State.
• He whakaaetanga te ao i taea riro te ritenga ao.
• Ka taea e te tikanga mahi rite te tāpiritanga ki whakaaetanga më, kia reira huringa tika me whakatikatika i runga i te tono o etahi kai.

ture marae

Ko te pūtake IPL muri he tauira ture.

ture Case - he pūnaha e hāngai ana e te i runga i nga tikanga e whakaaturia ana i roto i te whakatau o te rāngai ture. I reira riro tenei ahumahi ture te rongonui te nuinga i roto i te āhua i mua wahi o te Emepaea o Peretānia. I roto ia ratou he Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Ahitereiria, Aotearoa.

Mua, ko te take-ture - te uniana o nga tika noa, me te tika kia rite ki mahi i roto i Ingarangi e pā ana ki 650 nga tau ki muri. I āhuatanga te rāngai ture e te tetahi ngāwari me te auaha i roto i ngā huarahi e whakamahia ana ki whakatau tata i te huru i runga i te tari. I āhuatanga hoki nga marae o te ture noa i te huarahi atu momo, me te tuku iho ki te tikanga mō te whakatau pakanga, me te hanga whakatau. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te pūtake o te ture take hou.

Hei "tahuri i runga i" me te timata ki te matau i te ngako o te matau o tauira ture, he mea e tika ana ki te kitea i roto i te ihirangi o te kāwai e toru e tāutu ana i te-Saxon Anglo pūnaha te kupu o te take mai Latin ka whakakitea i te ariā o ngā mātāpuna IPL: titiro decisis, ōwehenga decidenti me dictum.

• E matakitaki ana decisis. A, no te 'oku' uhinga "ki piri ki te whakatau." Tenei parau tumu, e whakanui ana te faufaa o te whakatau i hurihia e te mana ture, a kia herea e. Ko reira tino ōrite ki te whakaputaina te kupu, me faaotiraa muri o ngā take rite.
• decidenti Ratio. Tinana mahi i runga i te take-ture tango, ki te pūkete e kore ko tino te whakatau o te marae, engari wāhanga anake. Ranei ki te kia motuhake atu, te wahi anake i roto i nei e whakaritea hāngai nga tikanga ture whāriki i runga i te ihirangi o i tukua iho te kupu ano.
• Dictum. He tauākī kotiti, pūkete, ngā kōrero, mau parau e kua pāngia te whakawa autaki, no te mea e kore te reira i te hanga i tētahi pūtake ture.

Takitahi whakatau ai o nga wae i runga ake i roto i roto i te whakawa ngā he uaua.