Te faaohiparaa o te mahi tamaiti: ture, ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakaritenga

Aita i maoro a'e, mahi tamaiti whānui. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga raruraru tino noa o te ao hou. e kore te whakamahia anake mahi tamaiti i roto i mau utuafare me ngā kura, engari ano hoki i roto i kamupene nui. Ki tenei ofatiraa o te ture e pā ana ki te nui nui o ngā āhuatanga i tautohetia. I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka taea e kitea e koe i te kōrero āmiki e pā ana ki te pire.

ngā mōhiohio whānui e pā ana te pire

Katoa tau atu me te ake auau faaohiparaa o te mahi tamaiti. Tuhinga 32-36 o te Kawenata i te Tika o te Tamaiti kaiwhakau fatongia o te State ki te tiaki i nga tika o ngā rangatahi i ki takoha ture. Ko te tuhinga, i kei roto e toru nga wahi, tangohia ko Mahuru 2, 1990. Ko te Kawenata i te mutunga i hanga i te tau i ma'iri a'e nei.

Tuhinga 32 wewete i nga tamariki i tetahi mahi pēhia kia e pā i te hauora ranei meinga he tutukitanga ki te mātauranga. E ai ki whakaturia reira te tau iti mō te mahi ki te mahi.

tangohia te Kawenata hou i runga i nga Tika o te Tamaiti i roto i te raumati 1999. whakaputaina te reira i tuhinga i runga i te kino momo o mahi tamaiti. arotahi te reira i runga i te whakakorenga o te pononga, takoha ki te whai wāhitanga tamaiti i roto i te pakanga patu, kairau me te trafficking tarukino. Whenua e kua whakamanatia te Kawenata i te Tika o te Tamaiti, Me tiaki ngā rangatahi i i te faaohiparaa i.

I roto i te ao i reira ko te faaohiparaa ture o te mahi tamaiti. Tuhinga 127,1 o te Code Kirimina whakarato mo te whiu mo te kāhakitanga ka takoha ia ki te mahi. Heoi, he pire motuhake, i pai kua mea e pā ana ki te whaihua i te mahi tamaiti, e kore te Code Kirimina e. Heoi, i roto i te heke mai tata kei te whakamahere te kāwanatanga ki te whakatikatika i te reira.

Kua maha pire hanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te raruraru e hono ki te faaohiparaa o te mahi tamaiti. Kei Tuhinga o te Russian Federation Reipa Code mōhiohio e taea noa te iti te tono mo te mahi, ki te kore he he fakafaingata'a'ia'anga ki te mātauranga tenei. I roto i tenei take e hiahia ana hoki whakaaetanga i tuhituhia i to ratou mau metua. kia mahi Juvenile i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai. Ia ano hoki e te tika ki iti mahi haora, pakaru me hararei. Heoi, e kore e taea ki te tiki i te mahi i mua i te 15 tau. rāhuitia tenei e te Code Reipa.

mahi Child i roto i te kura

maha haere te faaohiparaa o te mahi tamaiti i roto i te kura hia. Tata E kaha te whakamahi i ngā pūtahi mātauranga katoa te reira rite te piha ohipa, mahi raumati, a na i runga i. D. E mahi tamaiti ture i roto i te kura?

I roto i ngā wā Soviet, i whakamanuhiritia mahi tamaiti i ngā kura. Ko ia tetahi o nga tikanga o te mātauranga tāmau whenua. I roto i to tatou wa, kua puta ke whakaaro i runga i mahi tamaiti. Hanga maha moni o pire e te āwhina ki te tiaki i te kōhungahunga o tamaiti katoa.

Ko te huru tino nui mō te kukume i te tamaiti ki te mahi i roto i te kura, ko te ki te tukua ana matua. Me waiho te reira i roto i te tuhituhi. Ki te he te reira e ngaro, e kore e te tamaiti i te tika ki te faahepo tetahi ki te mahi i te kura. Ki te puta wā te faaohiparaa o te mahi tamaiti i roto i te institution mātauranga kahore whakaaetanga, ka taea e ngā mātua tuhituhi te amuamu ki te kaiwhiu te tari mātauranga rohe ranei.

I roto i taua take, ki te ki te whakaaetanga a te mau metua te mahi i reira, kia kia e te kawea te reira i roto i roto i te hanganga ture ki te katoa tikanga whänui ana te whakaaetia te kaiako. Kura rāhuitia ara taonga taimaha, horoi i te matapihi, ka mahi horoi huri noa te halá.

Whakatinanatanga o te ture

Ko te ture o te mahi tamaiti reira roa nui. He take i reira e tū rangatira kura haepapa mō te mea ākonga wetekina i te mau haapiiraa mo te ra e tika ana ki te neke. Hei tauira, arotake tari o te rōia hāmene o te Arkhangelsk Region, a pahono ki te tauākī i te whaea o tetahi o te ākonga pūtahi mātauranga Novodvinsk. takoha tana tama i ki mataara i roto i te mau haapiiraa. kua kite tari o te rōia hāmene i te mahi o te tūkino tumuaki o te ture "I mātauranga". Na roto i te ona mahi, whakaputa te upoko o te institution te ākonga te tinana oti o te matauranga. Mai reira, te ohipa i roto i te kura i whakakorea.

tatauranga

Tatauranga i runga i mahi tamaiti arata'i ki paorooro tata katoa. E ai ki te rangahau i te International Reipa Organization reira e pā ana ki 168 miriona ngā rangatahi i mahi. Ko e pā ana ki 11% o te tapeke taupori tamaiti tenei. Heoi, e mohio ana tatou e heke te ratou maha. I roto i 2000-2012 tau hinga te maha o kaimahi tamaiti i 78 miriona.

I roto i te 2008, he maha tohunga whakaaro e ka tīmata ki te riro torohaki ki te kaha hou no te mea o te pae faarava'iraa tamaiti mahi faaohiparaa. Heoi, kia rite ki te rangahau i te International Reipa Organization, e kore e nui haere te maha o ngā tamariki e mahi ana i roto i tenei wā. Tohunga ahua tenei ki te meka e i roto i nga whenua i reira te faaohiparaa i raruraru he tino whakapeka, te kore tata pāngia te raruraru.

kitea te maha rawa o ngā tamariki e mahi ana i roto i te rohe Kiwa Ahia, me. I reira, i rite ki nga tatauranga, 77.7 miriona mahi ngā rangatahi i. Ko reira i roto i Africa hoki mahi tamaiti. I reira hetia mahi tuarima katoa tamaiti.

Faaohiparaa o ngā tamariki i roto i Russia

Kei te maha kitea mahi Child i runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation. Ka taea te kite i te tamaiti e mahi ana i runga i nga ara o tata pa Russian katoa. More maha tohatoha ratou pānuitanga whakapiri ranei pānuitanga. mea Tupú hiahia ratou ki te riro motuhake moni i to ratou mau metua. Ko te aha e tīmata ratou ki te mahi ki 12-13 tau, pangia te faaohiparaa ture.

Katoa tau i roto i te Russian Federation he ture e tiaki nga ngākau nuitanga o ngā rangatahi i. E ai ki a ratou, tetahi taiohi, nei tau kua tae 16 tau o te tau ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga tika. Kore, ka te kaituku mahi kia whiua rite ki te ture.

I roto i Russia me whenua i tata ki, akiaki maha ngā mātua mahi a ratou tamariki. whakapono ratou e i roto i tenei ara riro atu motuhake te tamaiti, me te timata ki te mārama me pēhea te pakeke ko reira ki te imi i te moni. Māngai o te International Reipa Whakahaere whakapono e me ke te mentality Russian. kerēme Program kairuruku Rima Kalinchenko e i runga i tenei take, e hiahia ana koe ki te kōrero. whakapono ia e noa i roto i te take taua e taea ki te huri i te whakaaro o te tangata i runga i mahi tamaiti.

kamupene nui, me te mahi tamaiti

Tenei tau, tukuna tetahi o ngā rōpū tika tangata o te ao te pūrongo. whakawakia te reira i te kamupene ārahi e toru e tohunga ana i roto i te whanaketanga o te taputapu hiko, ara Samsung, Apple, Sony. E whakapae ratou o hoko kohuke e kua tangohia mā te mahi tamaiti. E ai ki te pūrongo, i roto i te maina i roto i te Democratic Republic o te Congo mahi tamariki i whitu nga tau. extract ratou nga kohuke e he faufaa mo te hanganga o te pākahiko lithium-katote.

Heads o nga kamupene e hoko te kohuke, mea kahore e ratou whakaae ki te whakamahi o te mahi tamaiti. Heoi, a kanohi te mea i te ritenga atu. Tohunga ki ngā rōpū tika tangata tautohe e he mōrearea mō te hauora taua mahi. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i enei maina tapaea he auau te tahuti nei tiketike. E ai ki kaiwhakaatu, te tau kua hipa anake patua reira nui atu i 80 ngā rangatahi i.

E ai ki a Fund te Children a UN, i roto i nga maina o te DRC kohuke tangohanga e te iti rawa 40 000 tamariki. uara ao te kamupene whakakahore tenei meka. mea ratou kahore ratou e hoko taonga whakaputaina i roto i tenei ara.

Ko te tika o te kaimahi iti

Ehara i nga iti e hiahia ana ki te tono mo te mahi, he mōhio o ratou tika. Ko te aha maha riro taiohi ngāwari moni mō kaitukumahi nanakia. He mea nui kia te ākonga maheni ki a ratou i roto i mua.

whakarato ture Russian tau i nei e taea te te ākonga te tiki i te mahi. I roto i te 15 tau, me te whakaaetanga a ngā mātua, he taiohi e kite i te mahi. Heoi, e kore e tona mahi e he tutukitanga i roto i te hanga o te rauemi mātauranga i roto i te taatoaraa. Me haere Mahi ākonga haapiiraa katoa, me te mahi i mahi kāinga. Mahi whai taiohi pani matua i hapu o nga hapu kore mahi, me te rawakore nui ranei.

Me kï reira e kore e taea e te kaituku mahi tonoa he kaimahi o te iti i waho te whakaaetanga o te Inspectorate mahi. I raro i te pire, he taiohi kore i nei i tae te tau o 16 tau e kore Me mahi neke atu i te 24 haora i te wiki. e kore ai ngā rangatahi i 16-18 tau o tau mahi atu atu i 36 haora i te wiki.

te faaohiparaa i Fakasekisualé me te pononga

E ai ki ngā tohunga, taka te ao i ia tau e pā ana ki te kotahi miriona tamariki ki te hokohoko sex ture. E takoha ētahi ki tenei, me etahi e manukawhakitia reira i raro i faahuaraa teka. Katoa tau i reira ko te tipu te hiahia mō ngā tamariki no te mea i reira te mea he pōhēhē e he iti pea ki te hua i roto i HIV mate taua whanaungatanga tupu. Tenei mahi ai kino tina heke ki te hauora o te tamaiti. Kei te maha hokona tamariki ki pononga fakasekisualé i roto i te ahua o pononga.

Tuhinga 34 o te Kawenata karanga i runga i States ki te tiaki i ngā tamariki i te mahi kino fakasekisualé, me te pononga. Tuhinga 35 āta kia tangohia te Kawanatanga mehua tika ki te ārai i te kāhakitanga o ngā rangatahi i.

World Day ki Child Reipa

I roto i te ao i reira he he pakanga ki te faaohiparaa o te mahi tamaiti. Nā ki tenei, kua heke te maha o ngā rangatahi i mahi. Pipiri 12 - World Day ki Child Reipa. I whāngai te reira i roto i te tau 2002 e te International Reipa Whakahaere i roto i te tikanga ki te kukume tokanga tūmatanui ki te raruraru, i te mea reira i roto i nga whenua katoa.

Whakarāpopoto ake

mahi tamaiti - he raruraru e puta i roto i nga whenua katoa. Ko reira tino noa i roto i Awherika, a Ahia. He he he raruraru, me te i roto i te Russian Federation. I roto i te heke mai tata mahere te kāwanatanga ki te tuku ki te huringa Code Kirimina, kia rite ki nei hara e whakamahi tamariki, ka kia tū haepapa. Ki te rā, i reira e rave rahi pire e he kawenga mō te tiaki o te tamarikitanga.