"Totleben" (Fort): hītori, whakaahua, wāhi

I roto i te mahara o te Engineers hōia pūmanawa, kua whakatuwheratia te wā hou i roto i te toi o te pā nei whakaaro, ko te kauwhata Eduard Ivanovich Totleben i te ingoa (1818-1884) he taumaihi e rua. Ua faaite oia i rere te ariā counter ki te au whänui ana te whakaaetia i roto i te toi o te whawhai, a ka riro te wheako i roto i te Crimea me pakanga rawhiti ka hanga parepare pai i te wa o tohu pā.

Blanche carte

Ko te pā tuatahi, e huaina nei i te ingoa o "Totleben" - pa pa i roto i Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, e oti i roto i 1859 rite kaiwhakahaere o te tari engineering o te tari hōia, i roto i te hanga o te pa Kerch koa tonu te whakawhirinaki me te tautoko o Alexander II. I te tau 1872, i oti te mahi i runga i oti i te hanga, me te tino makona te kingi, mai mo reira ki te tirotiro. Na pera ko te pa pā matua i runga i te tikanga o Alexander II, te ingoa o "Totleben". Kei Fort te i roto i te wahi Whāiti o te Strait o Kerch, i runga i Cape AK-kaiwahi.

Ko te semeio o te engineering hōia

Ko te pa i hanga ano ki te hipa i te Tiriti o Paris 1856 , opani Russia i te kaipuke me kaha takutai. He momo o te whare herehere pa ranei i roto i te pa i huaina "Totleben". hono Fort ki te hanganga i te roa rawa rerenga 600 mita. i 20 tau hanga tenei kaha, me te ko tetahi o te rua tino mīharo, me te kaha takutai tino nui, hanga i roto i te rau tau XIX - Kerch me Kronstadt. i pai me te whakapakari tino Black Moana pa - whakaratohia i reira katoa ki runga ki te taipitopito whakamutunga, ki raro, ki te kererū teihana. Pa mo nga hoia, wharepaku, rokiroki wai, oku ara raro, me huna ana - hanga katoa ki putu i roto i te korero o Sevastopol wheako me te tiaki o nga kaiwawao o te pa, i mahia nei e nga kaihanga te kitea tino ka hipoki raro hanganga kohatu katoa.

whiwhi i reira

I tenei wāhi, te wāhi tino teitei rawa o Crimea - 110 mita, te wahi i reira he he tohu ki te poto o te engineering hōia, i huaina "Totleben" i roto i tona kororia. hipoki e te tuawhenua pākahiko Fort uta. Pourewa, "Kerch" Ko inaianei kei roto i te huru pai e kore - i mahue ia. Ko e tū auau haere arahina Onsite. Na ki te waka tūmatanui tiki ki kore he mea ohie - te rakau №6, haere i te teihana pahi pokapū, e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki ki te mutu "Woodworking peka". Next - anake i runga i te waewae. No tohu taipitopito - takotoranga i runga i te kaiwhakatere i te uiui i noho rohe ranei. waka Own whai ki haere ki te mutunga o tämän Street, haere i roto i te pāmu ngā, te wāhi whakamutunga i te mea he pa kaha.

Ko tētahi o nga taumaihi o Kronstadt

Ko tētahi o nga taonga o te pūnaha ārai o Kronstadt huaina hoki te ingoa o E. I. Totlebena. Hoki te hanga o tenei pa timata i muri i te hanganga o te whare i runga i te Moana Black (1872). I roto i te 1879 tīmata te kaupapa, te pūtake o e reira e rua motu horihori - te pūtake mo te taumaihi e rua i hanga o te takutai. Conventionally, kua whakaritea e ratou "He" pa me te pa "B". Ko te tuatahi ki te noho i roto i te pāpaku i te 10 km i te motu o Kotlin me 4 km i Sestroretsk, tuarua - 7 kiromita ki te tonga-hauauru o te pa "A" me 4 km i Kotlina. Fort "A" utu i te taonga 6.5 miriona moni. pa koura "B" - 7 miriona moni. Mahi i runga i te hanga o nga mahi ārai i ki kia oti i te 1903, engari i tenei wa tika ringihia ka whakapakaritia te motu. Anake i roto i te tau 1913, i hoatu te kaha ki te mahi. I muri i oti te mahi pa "A" i whakaingoatia "Totleben", i roto i te kororia o te tango i te wahi kaha i roto i tona hanganga o te mataaro pūkaha nui hōia, ka huaina te ahanoa tuarua ko "Obruchev".

ngā katoa

Fort "Totleben" (whakaahua piri) i roto i te ahua o te pukapuka "C". Kua te wahi mua o reira kua tohatoha ki te hauauru - te hoariri tonu o Russia. tae haere te wahi mua, arā, o toru rāngai, me rua taha kōpiko te roa o 700 mita, ko he waihanga whanui 50 mita.

A, no te i tangohia tona hanganga ki pūkete te wheako pouri o te whawhai Russian-Japanese, me nga huringa whakaari i roto i te pū. "Totleben" Ko te pa hōia, ngā ki nga mea katoa e tika ana i roto i te tirohanga o te pakanga hou. He meka ngā, rite te kāwanatanga tsarist ka tango tiaki o ana hoia. I runga i te rohe o te pa i te pūnaha desalination me tona purenga, 6 generators diesel, parakaingaki me te wai, pa whakamarie hoki 800 iwi, me te rangatira corps, hōhipera, rongoā, parāoa me te hahi, Cinematography me te whare pukapuka, pati, warehouses me kōpaka, te waea, me te utu waea . I te taha ki hoki o te whanga i ki whakatata nga marae, me i ara he.

wā ta'etuku

He semeio o engineering ko te pa "Totleben". Ko te hītori o te oraraa tonu o tenei ahanoa utu, me te ngā pe'ape'ao. I muri i te revolution, i hoatu e ia te ingoa hou o "Pervomayskaya". I roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e i roto i 1923 i whakakapia nga pu 10-inihi i te pere i te cruiser "Rurik", ratou ngā mōrahi nui haere i te mua 18 ki te 20 km. Pūnahanaha whakamana hanga.

ka mau Fort i roto i te pakanga Soviet-Finnish o te whai wāhitanga mātātoa. kawea whakahoutanga whakamutunga i roto i te 1950-1954 tau. Na ka haere nga mea katoa faaheeraa - i roto i te 1955 i whakamararatia te hoia, ka mawehe atu pū, pere i ngā momo katoa o te kaute i roto i te 1957th pa, a mai 1958 kotahi kaha pā tu kau, me te mahue.

mahi tūkino whiua

ke Kahore tangohia ka "Totleben" i i te Komiti Executive o te Kaunihera City Leningrad me te toenga i roto i te tau 1990 tomo te rārangi UNESCO. E hoki nga ra pai, ka timata te 90-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga ki te titiro mo te conservator ahanoa me te toi i St Petersburg Vladimir Tkachenko, nei ko te rangatira o te tūao. Ko ia e kore i roto i nga kupu, engari i roto i mahi horoia, e hanga ana, ka rawa pa "Totleben". Me pēhea te ki te tiki i konei? kihai i tenei pātai i mua i te Tautangata, e haere mai i runga i te huka i roto i te hotoke o 2008. i ngaro nga mahi katoa o V. Tkachenko, i haehaea putia reira, tahuna, ka pahuatia. A i reira ka titiro te tokotoko wāhi kaha o nga Ohorere Tāhuhu, whakahaerehia konei i roto i te 1999?

haere Summer o te Gulf o Finland

Na ka titiro i muri i te ahanoa e wae tūao me ngā waeine rapu-a-faaora "Beach". Tirohia te pa taea kore, Heoi, hei wāhanga o te haerenga i waho whakaaetanga motuhake me ngā tuhinga kia rite ki taea. He aha te momo o toronga whakaritea? E kawea atu ratou anake i roto i te wa raumati, e taea te hanga te tikanga i te waea e wātea ana i roto i mau buka arata'i.

Ko te ngā i te whai wāhi ki te tiro i te maha o ngā taonga rite Gulf, e kore noa he pa "Totleben". Ko te haerenga ngā toronga ki te tūemi e whai ake nei - "Tuatahi Southern" taumaihi "Alexander ahau o", "Milutin", "Obruchev" me "Totleben".

I roto i te hotoke, he māmā katoa. Ka rite ki tuhia i runga ake, ka taea e te tiki e koe i runga i te huka i te Gulf o Finland, e kia tukua ai ki te haere ki te pa "Totleben". Me pēhea te ki te tiki i roto i te raumati? he wahi anake o te haerenga. taenga Independent i te poti, me te kaipuke te tino rāhuitia, he nui rawa hoki te ora no te mea te mōrea. O te akoranga, i reira e maha mohoao ahakoa tirotiro i te pa, me te te rangatira o kaipuke ki reira, rite mo te utu e tika ana ki te wahi i nga tikanga.