Dissociation o nga tai, waikawa me kawakore. Theory me te tono i ngā

Hoki Physical Matū me Biochemistry tukanga angamaheni whānui i roto i nei korakora mea - rāpoi ngota, katote (ka karanga matūriki pai whakatupato tīhiko me matūriki tōraro i ako, ka karanga tīhiko) te fatifati i Radicals ki matūriki iti. Ana tēnei tukanga te huaina dissociation, i te mea Latin mō "dissociation" tikanga "wehenga." Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e taua tohu rite te "tohu o dissociation", e whakaatu ana i te ōwehenga o matūriki dissociated ki te katoa maha o matūriki i mua te tiango, arā, te hautanga o matūriki e kua nofo. Ko te tukanga o te mimiti o te matūriki e puta rite ki te hua o etahi mahi i runga i te taonga, ko te āhua o enei pānga whakatau te momo o te dissociation. Wehewehe dissociation waiariki, photodissociation, dissociation raro i te mana o ionizing radiation, dissociation -hiko. Dissociation Ko te ritenga atu o te rōpū, me te tauhono. Kei te maha tenei tukanga raruraru ki ionization.

dissociation -hiko Ko te ahua o te dissociation, puta i raro i te mana o rāpoi whakarewa me pea neke pūāhua matū. Matū e taea dissociate i roto i te whakarewa ki ngā katote, me te whakahaere o nāianei hiko, ka karanga kawehiko (waikawa, te tote, turanga). Matū e ka rewa kore dissociate ki katote (waiwaihā, hākawa, warowaihā, me ētahi atu) e kore e electrolytes. whakarewa nga electrolytes tino nui - te wai. āhuatanga Water iho te rite te kawehiko ngoikore. E ahei o tātau nga electrolytes hoki whakarewa neke (hei tauira, te waihā, haukini me te waikawa ahetiki). Dissociation o waikawa, kawakore, rite te dissociation o tai puta i roto i wairewa waiwai. Ko te tai o - tenei piha o pūhui matū e tito o matūriki pai whakatupato (tīhiko whakarewa), me matūriki tōraro whakatupato (toenga anion waikawa) nei rāpoi ngota. tai tua waikawa, pērā Mariao tikanga ngā o rua ngā momo o tīhiko (whakarewa me te hauwai) me te toenga anion waikawa. A, no te rewa i roto i te te wai hanehane rāpoi ngota i runga i te katote tote. Ka taea te ora ake te tote whakaeto te wai.

Wehewehe i waenganui i electrolytes kaha, me te ngoikore. I roto i te puāwaitanga ariā o dissociation -hiko tukanga mohio whakaaro reversible, engari pā tenei tauākī anake ki electrolytes ngoikore i roto i rongoā memeha. He dissociation -hiko o te waikawa, turanga, Mariao, he he tukanga tina heke, mai te tote (tata katoa te kahore etahi matatini), waikawa me turanga (te hunga i hanga ki te konganuku whenua alkali me kawakore) he electrolytes kaha me ngā rāpoi ngota i roto i rongoā ngoikore rawa (100 %) dissociated ki katote. electrolytes kaha: NaCl (konutai pūhaumāota), HNO3 (waikawa hauota), HClO3 (waikawa chloric), CaCl2 (konupūmā pūhaumāota), NaOH (konutai waihā). electrolytes ngoikore: NH4OH (haukinia waihā), H2CO3 (waikawa carbonic), CH3COOH (waikawameha ahetiki) me te nuinga o nga waikawa waro me nga turanga. Ratou ka rewa i roto i te wai e taea dissociate wāhanga (nuinga, pae tenei uara i 1 ki te 10%).

Na reira, ko te whakapae e kei te otinga o te kawehiko kaha katote anake, a i roto i te otinga o electrolytes ngoikore, te nuinga rāpoi nondecomposed o mea. Dissociation o nga tai arata'i ki te meka e i roto i te otinga kei roto katote whakarewa anake, me te toenga waikawa (hei tauira, te konutai Na + te māraa, me te māota anion Cl-) me ngā rāpoi ngota nondecomposed (NaCl) whai tote. tai waikawa Dissociation arata'i ki te hanganga i roto i te otinga o te māraa ļa whakarewa, hauwai te māraa me te toenga anion waikawa. Hei tauira, te tote waikawa NaHCO3 (konutai hauwai) dissociates ki te konutai te māraa (Na +), hauwai te māraa (H) me te anion o toenga waikawa waikawa carbonic (SO3-).

Ki te te otinga (rewanga) whakanohoia i roto i te kawehiko pūtau -hiko (oko ki pitoake me te pitoiho), ka tono ngaohiko te ki te tīmata i te kaupapa ahunga o matūriki whakatupato ki nga electrodes o tiaki ritenga: tīhiko pai - ki te pitoiho tōraro i ako, i ng ngota kino - ki te pai i ako pitoake. Tenei taonga o electrolytes, i ngā, tai dissociation nuitia whakamahia i roto i te toi. kawea-iahiko i roto i production ahumahi o te konumohe, parahi (na roto i te para -hiko). Iahiko hua nga matū parakore e kore e taea te whiwhi taua te viivii e te tahi atu tikanga (Māturu, whātioatanga, me ētahi atu). Ki te konganuku-iahiko tangohia i tokahuke, horoia, mai whakatakotoria te pitoiho te anake i runga i te māraa ļa whakarewa me noho te poke i roto i te otinga ranei rewa. Ko te āhuatanga o te dissociation o tai niu nei te whakaputa hauwai parakore me māota parakore. I roto i te wai, ko te konutai pūhaumāota decomposed ki katote: te māraa te konutai me te māota anion. I te pitoake ka tohaina māota parakore i te pitoiho - te hauwai byproduct, a ka hanga i te otinga i tetahi atu byproduct nui - konutai waihā.