Daniel Bernoulli: biography, whakaahua, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te ariā o te tūponotanga

rau XVII - he tau o te māramatanga. I roto i te maha manga o ope matauranga i whakakapi e te pūtaiao pono hinengaro matatau o te pūtake fakalotu o te mohio ki te ao. He āhuatanga ahurei i roto i te tukanga - te utuafare Bernoulli, i hoatu e rave rahi pūtaiao-ao te piha haapiiraa. Ko tētahi o nga ingoa tino nui i roto i tenei tupuni - Daniel Bernoulli. Ko te tauine o te taranata, me te kanorau o ngā ngākau nuitanga rangahau, rite ia te mataotao nui o te Renaissance. Ko te kaiaka matua o te tahi atu mau melo o tona me te whānau ki whakatupuranga heke mai, ko te ki te hoatu pāngarau rite te taputapu ao mō te rangahau i roto i mara ngā o te pūtaiao - ahupūngao, te matū, te koiora, me te tini ke atu.

Pāngarau rite te ohipa utuafare

Ko te tupuna o te whānau Bernoulli i te tuatahi i Flanders, i te rohe o te Southern Netherlands, i muri ka wahi o Belgium. I roto i te Antwerp, te wahi tetahi o nga tupuna o te whānau rongonui ora ia - Hakopa, ka anga te inonotitanga o kaitautoko o Porotetani, e ngā Bernoulli. i takoha ratou ki te haere tuatahi ki Tiamana me ka ki Basel, i reira riro ratou raraunga Swiss. Tama a Hakopa - Nicholas, e i roto i te rakau whakapapa o te tuakana whakaritea te utuafare, i 11 tamariki. Ko ia te kaiwhakaū o te whare pāngarau rongonui. Ko tētahi o nga tama a Hakopa - Johann - whakaako i te University o Groningen. whanau tenei pa Tatimana January 29, 1700, a ko Raniera Bernoulli (1700-1782 gg.).

I 5 tau te heke mai o te pūtaiao nui, ka hoki Johann Bernoulli me tona hapu ki Basel, te wahi whiwhi ia te pou o te ahorangi o te pāngarau. I muri ka ia wāhi i roto i te hanganga o Raniera, ka reira mārama i tukuna ia ki kahore iti iho i te ana tuakana - Hakopa ko Nicholas Jr. Otiia riro Johann Raniera ki atu pai - he kaihokohoko hauora ranei - mahi, na, i tona onoono, ko 15 nga tau Daniel Bernoulli te tuatahi ki te ako rongoa i te University o Basel, a ka i roto i te German Heidelberg.

Medicine me te pāngarau

Interest i roto i te ako rere i roto i whakakitea pāpāho wai, me te haurehu waihā i Raniera, ka meinga he akonga o te rata English rongonui ia William Harvey. āta familiarized ia ki tona mahi i runga i te ako o te rere toto i roto i te tinana tangata - ko Harvey pervootkryvatem tohanga nui, me te iti.

I maoro mau Daniel Bernoulli he tuhinga whakapae me ngana ki te tiki i te pou o te kaiako. Ahakoa te kōwhiringa o ngā kaitono kei te maha kawea atu i te rota. Kāore i tutuki te ngana o te pūtaiao taitamariki, engari ka meinga hei te take o tona moni i roto i te āhuatanga pāngarau o te ariā o te tūponotanga.

I roto i te 1724 oho a Raniera ki a Venice ki tonu ki te ako rongoa mahi i te rata rongonui Antonio Michelotti.

Daniel I.

I roto i Italy, ka e ia tino mate, engari tonu tona rangahau. pau ia he rota o ngā ki te kitea regularities i te whanonga o te wai, ina rere i te reira i roto i o te ipu me te haere i roto i nga korere o rerekē wāhanga ripeka. whakapumautia tenei mahi tona mana i roto i te mara hou o te ahupūngao, i karangatia e ia hydrodynamics.

I te 1725 i karangatia a Raniera Bernoulli i te Russian Empress Catherine tango ahau i te pou o te matenga o te Tari o te Pāngarau i te Academy o Pūtaiao o St Petersburg. kiia te reira i runga i tona wahi, me te mea he tohunga nui i roto i te hydrodynamics, i roto i te hanga i te Niniiraa o puna i roto i te Peterhof.

Noho pūtaiao i roto i Russia i tohua e te ati - 9 marama i muri i tona taenga i roto i St Petersburg mate o kirika i haere mai ki a ia teina Nicholas. Ahakoa te ngākau nui e haere tahi ia ia i roto i tona noho katoa i roto i te whenua ke, amenea Raniera rauemi mo tona mahi pūtaiao matua - "Dynamics inu", whakaputaina i roto i te 1738. whakatakoto te reira i te tikanga taketake o nga ture e whakatau i te āhua o te rerenga i roto i te wai, me hau, kua riro mai te ingoa o Bernoulli.

hanga mihi pūtaiao ki te tuku tono mō tūranga i roto i Basel, i reira i roto i te 1733, ka hoki ki a Raniera Bernoulli. kua mai tona haurongo i hono ki tenei pa, te wahi i noho ai ia uninterruptedly noa tona mate i roto i 1782 anake.

Te hononga ki tona papa

A, no te i roto i te 1734 ka hoatu e Raniera tona "Hydrodynamics" i te whakataetae i roto i Paris Academy o Sciences, tahuri reira i roto i tona tāwhai ko tona papa. whakatau a Academy ko te ngātahitia, engari meinga riri i runga i te wahi o te matua. i whakaatu Daniel Bernoulli ko Johann Bernoulli ōrite toa, engari he i runga i te atamira ki tana tama whakaaro ki te whakaiti kē orometua tawhito.

Ko te hononga ki tona papa a Raniera i wehea, ahakoa te hiahia ki te whakatū i to ratou tama. A, no te te whakaputanga "Hydrodynamics" i roto i Strasbourg i 1738, ia ahua, tāpiri ki tona ingoa i runga i te whārangi taitara o "tama Johann." Otiia ko tūturu te Bernoulli tuakana. He tau i muri mai, whakaputaina ana e ia tona pukapuka "Hydraulics". Kei te āta tuhia te reira i te reira 1732, ki te tohu i tona matua.

Daniel Bernoulli me tona whai ki te whanaketanga o te ariā o te tūponotanga

I roto i te "Kōrero St Petersburg Academy" whakaputaina Bernoulli he pepa i roto i i whakaaro ia ki te tauākī, ka karanga te lēsoni St Petersburg. e pā ana te reira ki te kēmu, mo te wa tuatahi tuku ki te iramutu o Raniera - Nicholas: ngana noa te moni i n-wa hinga "Eagle" hopoi mai te kaitākaro ki te riro i roto i te nui o 2 ki te mana o moni n. tātaitanga Mathematical o te tūponotanga o te toa arata'i ki te uara mure ore, engari kōrero tikanga noa e me whai i te utu mō te whai wāhi i roto i te kēmu i te uara tahuti. I te taumira o te lēsoni whakamahi Raniera te whakakapinga o te tumanako o toa he morare rite te pai kia rite ki te hononga o te tūponotanga, me te whaipainga whaiaro.

Ko tētahi atu ako nui o Bernoulli i roto i tenei rohe i tika ki te tikanga matua o Raniera - manga, me te hou o te pūtaiao, - hauora tatauranga pāngarau me te ariā o ngā hapa. whakaputaina e ia he pepa i runga i te whai huatanga o te werohanga ki koroputaputa.

tuku iho

mahi Daniila Bernulli i te ariā o whārite pārōnaki e tino wāriutia ana "parakore" pāngarau. He ahupūngao pāngarau - te mara o te pūtaiao, te wahi whakaaro te kaipūtaiao te tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū.

Tenei pereoo ahupūngao ko te ture taketake o akiaki inu, taonga Bernoulli te ariā neke o haurehu me te ariā o te elasticity, i te mea te tumu parau o te raupapa o mahi o te aho wiriwiri. Kei te hāngai hoki motupaika hou i runga i te kitenga i hanga mo te wa tuatahi Raniera.

Paris, Berlin, Bologna, St Petersburg Academy o Sciences, te Royal Society - he mema o te rōpū pūtaiao ko Daniel Bernoulli. Photo ki tona whakaahua e kopare nga taiepa o maha pūtahi pūtaiao waha tona ingoa, tae atu i te taiwhanga i te Institute o Complex Systems Mathematical Research i MSU.