Te Tari US o Paruru: he aha, e Matua i reira te

rongo katoa e pā ana ki te mana, me te paari rahi o te US ope patu. whai wāhi te US Defense Tari te i roto i te whakarato haumarutanga tōrangapū, me te rohe o te whenua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te ruruku o kaupapa here-mahi, me te whakahaere o nga pokapū katoa o te kāwanatanga US.

History o te mātauranga

He tau i mua i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, kua whakaarohia e te US Congress te whakatūnga o te tinana ki te ruruku i te mahi o ope patu. He tau i muri mai, i te hui o nga ope manuao o te USA me nga Rangatira Joint o ngā kaimahi timata ahau ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere ki te waihanga i tētahi hanganga taua. Puta noa i te hauwhā tuarua o te rau tau 20, tae noa ki 1949, i whakatikaina i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa hanga he tinana kotahi o te Tari US o Paruru. Tokomaha i ātete, tautohetohe e te tautohe i he kino rawa ki te aro i te rangatira o te ngā ope hōia i roto i te mahi minita taua. I te tīmatanga i huaina ai te "National Defence Tāhuhu," engari i muri mai whakaingoatia te Tari o Defence.

Ko te ti'amâraa i huaina te matua keke, e tu hoki Defense o Tari. I roto i te até fakatahai reira whenua, rangi, amphibious me ope kaipuke. He kaimahi ki te Tāhuhu hoki Intelligence Agency me National Agency Haumarutanga.

Hetikuota DOD'a kei roto i te Taparima, Arlington County, Virginia. Ko reira tata ki Washington, i te taha ki matau o te awa Potomac.

pūnaha Taparima

I tenei ra te upoko o te Taparima ko Gen. Dzheyms Mettis, tapaina a "Dog haurangi." I tohua ai mo te tūranga Donald hīkoikoi.

I te wa hakari kei pūnaha o te Taparima te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• te tari pokapū o te Minita o Defence;
• E toru o te Tāhuhu o ope hōia;
• Rangatira o ngā kaimahi me te Joint kaimahi;
• 18 mana te tukunga pokapū;
• 9 ratonga me ngā whakaurunga;
• 9 whakahau tahi o te US ope patu.

I tua atu, kua nga whakahaere katoa mahi i raro i te aronga mana o te mana whakahau hōia tonu i runga ake-whakahuatia ranei te Tāhuhu o Defence.

pūtea

Hoki 2011, ko te pūtea o te Tāhuhu o Defence e pā ana ki 708 piriona tāra, e te mea e pā ana ki 4.7% o US GDP. E ai ki ngā pūrongo tata, nga mahi pūtea o te whakatūnga hōia American he pakaru nui.

hanga 2016 turanga pūtea US Department o Defense kua 534 piriona. E ai ki te tuhinga, ka waiho e pā ana ki 161 piriona te hiahia o te Navy, a ka tohatoha i te Air Force 153 piriona. Hoki te Army - 126,5 piriona. e ikeike ake ana te uara toharite o te 10 piriona i roto i te 2015 enei whika katoa.

178 piriona tāra, i te mea 20 piriona iti iho i te whakamutunga tau, pau i runga i ngā kaupapa rangahau me te kai hōia. Ko tētahi atu wāhanga o te pūtea, i huaina nei ko te ngaro, e kore e whakaputaina.

Mai i whare hakari o ngā mahi hōia ki te aroaro US reira, whakaratohia hoki he "konga" o $ 51 piriona (2016). Unuhia i raro o te "konga" i tuhia mai 2001. haere te moni katoa ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi anti-kaiwhakatuma i roto i Afghanistan. Ki te withdrawal o ona ropu i Afghanistan, te Hononga o Amerika ki te whakaiti i moni hōia. Ko, ahakoa tenei, i te nuinga o moni e haere ana ki te whakahaere ngā mahi ke, tuhituhia atu tika i Afghanistan.

US Department o tutuki Defence

Ko te whanaketanga o te rererangi hōia, e ka e taea ki te kawe i te drones, ki te whakaputa me te tango ratou hoki i runga i te poari, oho ki te atamira tuarua. Kua hainatia e te Tāhuhu o Defence kirimana ki e rua pai-mohiotia kamupene US, hanga rererangi. I whakaritea e te reira ki te ingoa enei rererangi "kawe rererangi te rangi."

I roto i te wā tuatahi i hangaia, ka engineered kaha hoahoa o te rererangi. I te wā tuarua kua whakaritea reira ki te whakamatautau i te tauira. Ko tā te hoatu te tuatoru ki te mahi e rua hou whakawhanakehia ngā tauira.

E ai ki te whakaaro o te whakamahi i taua patu e taea ki te mahi tōtika ki te parepare rangi hoariri, whakangaro ngā taumata whenua, me te kawe hūhunu te US Air Force.

Ehara i te roa i mua, whakaae te Tari US o Paruru e te kaha te awe ahumahi Aerospace te whenua o e Russia. Ko te take i kore ähua engines tākirirangi Russian te mana whakaaturia RD-180 te kāwanatanga US, ka waiho tetahi mea noa ki te rere ki te ohuraa āmiorangi hōia.

Toofa Dzhon Makkleyn, he tautoko u'ana o aukati ki titauraa Russian ki te whakarere i te engines tākirirangi o te hanga Russian, ki te haumaru motu o te whenua e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i Russia. McClain kaiwhakahau o te tirohanga e te supply o engines Russian ko ha fakafaingata'a'ia'anga ki whakataetae i roto US umanga. I te wa ano, te toofa Richard Shelby i 2009 whakatikaina te tuhinga, i kī, "te rangatiratanga o te whiriwhiri o engines tākirirangi whakaputa whenua e kua whakamahia i roto i te pāpāho." ko te take e kua haumi te Taparima i te hanga o US engines tākirirangi tenei.

I te kau, i reira he kahore raraunga tika i runga i te ahunga whakamua i roto i te mara o te mātauranga waka i roto i te United States.

whanaketanga hōia

I roto i te 2008, te whakahaere i te Hononga o Amerika te taea. Ki te awhina o te Tari US o Paruru me te hangarau hōia i patua e āmio tirohia, amiorangi USA-193.

Hei te mārama pehea he reira uaua ki te hoatu i te tauira. Koperea iho he amiorangi i roto i te ohuraa a tawhio noa he rite te whenua ki te patu i te pōro tēnehi ki tetahi, e rere i te tere o te 7.3 km / s, a kei te rerekē haere tonu poroāwhio. Hoki te taua patu hāparapara hiahiatia he warhead ahei o te hautanga o te ara rere tuarua taunga.

Runga ake tenei mahi kaimahi e pā ana ki 200 tohunga. i rite Tapeke 3 whakarerekētia SM-3 pere. Ki te rahua te nganatanga tuatahi, noho reira taea ki te tīmata i te rua warheads muri. utu kotahi taua pere $ 10 miriona.

Aita i maoro a'e, kua whakaatu China he rite hangarau.

Ko te X-Kōnae

He he kōrero e kaimahi te whanaketanga ngaro o te Tari US o Paruru. tuku te reira i ki i roto i te horopaki o te matatini "pūnaha hiko, me te cybernetic ki te whakamahi o te mātauranga horihori." I kī tenei i te matenga tuarua o te Taparima Robert Wark. Ahakoa Russian a Hainamana whakapai ake patu karihi, kōrero Amelika e pā ana ki te painga ki te "kore-karihi" whawhai.

Hoki i roto i 1983, ua faaite te peresideni Ronald Reagan te timatanga o te hōtaka wā roa-tika "Rautaki Defence Initiative". tikanga o tēnei hōtaka e te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha ārai me te patu i roto i te wāhi, i pai hinga hoariri pea whawhai whai wāhitanga puta noa i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau.

I kī te reira e whai wāhi nga ngā e na te tahi mau lasers wāhi whawhai hōia, emitters o matūriki kūpapa me whakaata orbital. I te kau e kore ko reira he tauira hangarau kotahi, e pai ite i te kaupapa. Ka rite ki reira he kore tetahi mana US o te Tāhuhu o Defence, haepapa hoki enei kaupapa.