Thomas Alva Edison: haurongo me te whakaahua

Thomas Alva Edison (whakaaturia whakaahua kei te i muri i roto i te tuhinga) - ihi American nei kua rēhita he record 1.093 Mua. hanga ano e ia te taiwhanga rangahau ahumahi tuatahi.

Thomas Alva Edison - ko wai te mea te reira?

Tīmata tona mahi i roto i te tau 1863, ko te taure'are'araa i te tari waea, te wahi tata te anake puna o te mana, he pūhiko i tahito ra, te reira noa tona mate i roto i 1931, rave i roto i te huarahi o te wā o te hiko. Mai i haere mai ona taiwhanga me ngā awheawhe te matini haapurororaa, te hopuoro waro capsule, aano atu, generator orurehau o te kakama tuatahi, te pūnaha tuatahi o te rama arumoni me te mana supply, te rerewhenua hiko whakamātau, te āhuatanga taketake o te taputapu kiriata, me te maha atu hanga.

haurongo Poto o te kuao tau

I whanau Thomas Alva Edison i runga i 11.02.1847, i Maylene, Ohio, i roto i te whānau Samyuelya Edisona me Nensi Eliot. rere ngā mātua ki te Hononga o Amerika i Canada i muri i te whai wāhitanga o tona papa i roto i te ngangaretanga Mackenzie i roto i 1837. I te ko ia 7, oho tona hapu ki Port Huron, Michigan. Thomas Alva Edison, te whakaotinga o e whitu tamariki, i ora i konei tae noa ki tīmata ia tona ora ake i te tau o ono. I roto i te kura, ako ia iti rawa, tika he marama torutoru. whakaako pānui, tuhituhi me te tātai ia i tona whaea, he kaiako. I nga wa katoa e ia tamaiti rawa pākiki, me te totoro ki te matauranga ano.

pau Thomas Alva Edison tona tamarikitanga, he rota o te pānui, me te puna o tona faaururaa ko te pukapuka "Te Kura o Natural Philosophy" R. Parker "Cooper Union mo te whakatairanga o te pūtaiao, me te toi." Ko te hiahia mo te whaiaro whakapai ake-noho ki a ia puta noa i tona ora.

timata Alva mahi i te wawe tau, rite te nuinga o ngā tamariki i taua wa. I 13 haere ia ki te mahi i te kaihoko o niupepa me te monamona i runga i te reriwe rohe hono Port Huron ki Detroit. Te nuinga o tona wa noa i oti rawa ia ki pānui pukapuka pūtaiao, me te hangarau, ka tangohia ana hoki te whai wāhi ki te ako ki te mahi i runga i te waea. Na roto i te tau o te 16, Edison i kua ite nui ki te mahi wa-tonu telegrapher.

Ko te tenenga tuatahi

Ko te whanaketanga o te waea ko te taahiraa matamua i roto i te revolution kōrero, me i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX, tupu te reira tere. hoatu tenei te whai wāhi ki te haere, kite i te whenua, me te riro wheako Edison me ana hoa. Kua mahi Alva i roto i te maha o nga pa puta noa i te Hononga o Amerika i mua i 1868 tae i roto i Boston. Here timata Edison ki te huri i tana tikanga ki te ma'imi waea. arai ia te kaiwhakamahara pōti hiko - he pūrere hangaia mō te whakamahi i roto i te tinana pōtitia pērā i Congress, ki te tere ake te tukanga. Ko te tenenga he kore arumoni. faaoti Edison e i roto i te heke mai ka haere mai ia ki runga ki anake nga mea i roto i te tono tūmatanui e kia ia tino tino.

Thomas Alva Edison: He Haurongo o te ma'imi

I te tau 1869, ka whakatutehu ia ki New York, i reira tonu ia ki te mahi i runga i ngā whakapaitanga ki te waea, a hanga ana pūrere angitu tuatahi - ". Pūreretā kararehe ao" utu taputapu Thomas Alva Edison, whakaaro i kawea mai ia 40 mano. Tara, i te moni e tika ana i roto i 1871 mo te whakatuwheratanga o tona taiwhanga me ahumahi tuatahi whakaurunga iti i roto i Newark, New Jersey. Neke atu i te te rima tau i muri mai kua whakaaro ia, ka hanga te pūrere, tino whakapai ake i te tere me te kakama o te waea. kitea hoki Edison wa ki te marena a Meri Stilwell ka tīmata te whānau.

I roto i te 1876, hokona e ia katoa o tona hanga i roto i Newark, a oho tana wahine, nga tamariki, me te tokotoko i roto i te kainga iti o Menlo Park, 40 kiromita ki te tonga-uru o New York City. hanga Edison he ahanoa hou kei roto katoa e hiahia ana koe mo te mahi mōna. Ko tenei taiwhanga rangahau te tuatahi o tona ahua me te kua meinga hei tauira mo te pūtahi muri pērā i Bell Laboratories. Kei te mea te reira e ko ia i tona tenenga nui. Here timata Edison ki te huri i te ao.

Ko te matini haapurororaa tuatahi

Ko te tenenga nui tuatahi i roto i Menlo Park ka he kinaki-matini haapurororaa. Ko te mīhini tuatahi e taea te tuhi me te tākaro hoki te tangi, hanga he illius a kawea Edison rongo te ao. Ki reira, huri haere ia te whenua, me te i roto i April 1878 i karangatia ia ki te Whare White ki te whakaatu i te matini haapurororaa te peresideni Rutherford Hayes.

marama hiko

Ko te kamupene nui i muri Edison ko te whanaketanga o te rama aano atu mahi. kihai i hou te whakaaro o te marama hiko, a kua mahi kua rave rahi iwi i runga taua mea, ara ki te whakawhanake i te tahi o ona puka. Otiia tae noa taua wa, kihai i hanga reira tetahi e taea e mahi mō te whakamahi kāinga.

tenenga kaiaka o Edison he aano e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te pūnaha mana supply, i i nga mea katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te kia mahi, haumaru me te economical. I muri tau kotahi me te hawhe i ia kua angitu, ka he rama aano atu, i whakamahia te rama kakawaea carbonized mō te 13.5 haora.

I tū te whakaaturanga tūmatanui tuatahi o te pūnaha rama i roto i Hakihea 1879, i te mea kua rite rawa ai ki te matatini katoa o taiwhanga i Menlo Park. Kua oti rawa nga tau i muri torutoru te ihi te hanganga o te hiko. I roto i te Mahuru 1882 ka timata ia ki te mahi kei te teihana mana arumoni tuatahi i runga i Pearl Street i Lower Manhattan, e tuku hiko me te marama ki kiritaki mo te wāhi o te kotahi maero tapawha. Ko te kupu ka timata te wā o te hiko.

Edison Electric General

angitu rama hiko arahina te ihi ki te rongo me te waimarie rite te hangarau hou rere puta noa i te ao. tonu Kamupene Electric ki te whakawhanake noa hanumi ratou i roto i 1889 i roto i te "Edison General Electric." Ahakoa te whakamahi i te ingoa o te ma'imi i roto i te ingoa o te kaporeihana o, kihai ia i te whakahaere i te reira. nui nui o te whakapaipai e hiahiatia ana mo te whanaketanga o te ahumahi rama, ka ui te kukume pareparenga haumi pērā i JP Morgan. A, no te i roto i te 1892, hanumi Edison General Electric me tona whakataetae matua Thompson-Houston, i mukua te ihi o te ingoa i tona ingoa.

Pouarutanga me te faaipoiporaa tuarua

Thomas Alva Edison, nei whaiaro ora i roto i te 1884, i kino e te mate o Meri tana wahine,, kihai i whai nui te wa ki te horo'ai Menlo Park. A, no te mea o te whai wāhitanga i roto i te mahi, ka anga ia ki te haere ki reira noa iti. Engari, ia ko ana tamariki e toru - Marion Estelle, Thomas Alva Edison Jr. me Uilyam Lesli - noho i roto i New York. He tau i muri mai, takoto i roto i te whare o te hoa i roto i New England, tutaki Edison rua tekau Mina Miller, a aroha ia. ka mau te marena wahi i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1886, ka oho te tokorua ki a Te Hau-ā-uru Orange, New Jersey, i reira hokona te tane mo tona wahine marena hou whenua Glenmont. noho te tokorua i konei tae noa ki tona matenga.

Taiwhanga i roto i Te Hau-ā-uru Orange

I muri neke ki Thomas Alva Edison i whai wāhi i roto i te ngā i roto i te taiwhanga taupua noa i roto i te Rama Factory i Harrison tata, New Jersey. He marama torutoru i muri i tona faaipoiporaa, ua faaoti ia ki te hanga i tētahi taiwhanga hou i roto i tona Te Hau-ā-uru Orange, he maero i tona whare. E te wa i ia rawaka ngā rauemi, me te tohungatanga ki te hanga i te pai rawa me te taiwhanga nui, pai ki etahi atu katoa, mo te whanaketanga tere, me te ngāwari o te mahi.

whakatuwheratia te matatini hou o ngā whare e rima i roto i Noema 1887. Ko te toru-papa whare matua i te mana, awheawhe aunoa, warehouses, whakaurunga hoki ngā me te whare pukapuka nui. Wha whare iti hanga hāngai ki te matua farii te tinana, matū me taiwhanga metallurgical, he awheawhe mo te hanganga o ngā tauira, me te rokiroki o ngā matū. Te rahi nui o te matatini whakaaetia Edison ki te mahi e kore i runga i tetahi, engari i runga i tekau e rua tekau ranei kaupapa wā kotahi. piri Buildings ake ranei hanga ki te whakatau i te rerekē haere ngā hiahia o te ma'imi noa tona mate i roto i te tau 1931. Hoki nga tau maha huri noa i te taiwhanga i hanga wheketere mo te hanga o fakatupu a Edison. te mutunga ka mau te matatini katoa neke atu i te 8 heketea, me te wā i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, mahi 10,000 iwi ki reira.

ahumahi tuhi

I muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te taiwhanga hou, ki te mahi i runga i te matini haapurororaa, engari ka hoatu ai ki te mutunga o te 1870 whai wāhi i roto i te marama hiko tonu Thomas Alva Edison. Na roto i te 1890, ka anga ia whakaputa kalamafoni mo te kāinga me te whakamahi arumoni. Ka rite ki ki te marama hiko, hangaia e ia nga mea katoa e tika ana mo to ratou mahi, tae atu ki ngā pūrere hoki hopu oro me te purei, me te taputapu mo ratou tuku. I roto i tenei take, i hanga Edison he ahumahi record. haere Whanaketanga me te whakapai ake o te matini haapurororaa i runga tonu, ka tonu tata ki te mate o te ma'imi.

pikitia

I te wa ano tīmata Edison hanga pūrere ahei o te kanohi he aha te matini haapurororaa - mo te taringa. riro ratou i te pikitia. Kua whakaatu mai te ihi reira i roto i 1891, a muri mai tīmata rua tau hokohoko "kiriata" i roto i te taiwhanga iti, hangaia i roto i te taiwhanga, e mohiotia ana ko te "Chernaya Mariya".

kua rite ki i roto i te take o te marama hiko me te matini haapurororaa, ki tenei pūnaha integrated mo te hanga me te whakaatu o kiriata kua whakawhanakehia reira. I te tīmatanga, ko te mahi a Edison i te kiriata he auaha, me te taketake. Heoi, he hiahia i roto i tenei ahumahi hou maha iwi, ka hiahia ki te whakapai ake wawe mahi cinematic o te ma'imi. Na reira, ko te takoha ki te whanaketanga tere o kiriata maha hanga. I te mutunga o nga 1890, kua tupu te reira i te ahumahi hou, a na 1918 th kua meinga reira na whakataetae i haere noa Edison i o mahi.

Ko te kore o te ore rino

Kōkiritanga Ua tauturu kalamafoni me kiriata i roto i te 1890 ki te utu mo te kore rahi i roto i te umanga o Edison. Hoki kotahi tekau nga tau i mahi ai ia i roto i te taiwhanga, me i roto i te maina rino tawhito i roto i Northwestern New Jersey i te tikanga o te tangohanga o te ore rino ki te whakatau i te tono ngata mō mira maitai o Pennsylvania. Ki te moni i tēnei mahi, hokona Edison te "Electric General" katoa o ratou hea.

Ahakoa tau kotahi tekau o te mahi me te milioni o tara pau i runga i te rangahau me te whanaketanga, i taka e ia ki te hanga i te tukanga commercially taea, a ka ngaro ia i te moni katoa haumi. e te tikanga tenei whakangaromanga pūtea ki te kore tonu Edison ki te whakawhanake i te matini haapurororaa me te kiriata i te wa ano. Kia e rite kia reira, tomo te ma'imi i te rau tau hou noho haumaru moni me rite ki te maka i te wero hou.

pūhiko kawakore

riro Edison he wero hou ki te whakawhanake i pākahiko mō te whakamahi i roto i waka hiko. ko te tino aroha o waka te ihi, me katoa tona ora ko ia te rangatira o maha ngā momo o te mahi i runga i ngā mātāpuna pūngao rerekē. Edison whakapono e hoki ratou ko te hiko wahie pai, engari te kaha o pākahiko mata-waikawa tikanga hoki tenei e kore i nui. I te 1899 ka timata ia te mahi i runga i te pūhiko kawakore. Ko tenei kaupapa te uaua tino, a tangohia ana kotahi tekau nga tau. E te wa i rite te pākahiko kawakore hou, pai ake kia penehīni waka e kua whakamahia uaua waka hiko, te nuinga rite te tikanga o te tuku i roto i nga pa. Heoi, kua kï pākahiko kawakore whai hua mō ngā waka rama rerewē me ruma, ua faaoaoa ia moana me kaikeri rama. I roto i te rerekē ki te ore rino, nui haumi utu rau takoha, a te wā, kua riro te pākahiko te hua tino pai o Edison.

Thomas A. Edison Inc.

Na roto i te 1911, whakawhanakehia Thomas Alva Edison he mahi ahumahi whānui i roto i Te Hau-ā-uru Orange. Huri noa i te taiwhanga wheketere maha, me kua tupu kaimahi matatini ki te maha mano i hanga. Hei ārahi pai te mahi, ka huihui Edison katoa whakaturia e ia te kamupene i roto i te kotahi kautaha Thomas A. Edison Inc., peresideni me tona tiamana ko ia. Ko ia 64 tau, me tona tūranga i roto i te kamupene me te i roto i te ora anga ki te huri i. horo'ahia Edison kua nuinga o ratou mahi ia rā ki ētahi atu. Te taiwhanga ano e iti iho i te i te whakamātau taketake, me te whakapai ake i ngā hua ngā. Ahakoa tonu Edison ki te kōnae me te whiwhi Mua mo hanga hou, nga ra o te hanganga o nga mea hou, taui i te oraraa, me te hanga i ngā ahumahi hou, kua mahue ki muri.

Mahi i runga i ārai

I roto i te 1915, i ui Edison ki upoko te Komiti Tohutohu Naval. US tata te whai wāhitanga i roto i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau, me te hanga o te komiti, ko te whakamātau ki te whakarite i nga taranata o ārahi pūtaiao me he kaitito i roto i te whenua i roto i nga ngākau nuitanga o te US ope patu. whakaae Edison te whakarite. E kore kua e te Poari i hanga he wāhi nui ki te wikitoria whakamutunga, engari i mahi rite he tauira mō te mahi tahi angitu heke mai i waenganui i te pūtaiao, he kaitito me US ope patu. I roto i te whawhai, i te tau o e whitu tekau tau, pau Edison e rave rahi marama i runga i te moutere o Long i runga i te kaipuke o te Navy, whakamātautau ki ngā tikanga o te rapunga o mua.

tiupiri Golden

ka Thomas Alva Edison o kaitito me industrialists he icon ahurea, he tohu o te hinonga American. I roto i te tau 1928, i roto i te āhukahuka o ana whakatutukitanga, whakawhiwhia te US Congress ia he mētara motuhake o Whakahonoretia. I roto i te 1929, whakanuia te whenua te tiupiri koura o te rama hiko. Ko te tukunga iho o te hararei ko te hakari i te honore o Edison, e hoatu Henry Ford i Greenfield Village taonga hītori American hou (i tino taiwhanga anō-whakapumautia te reira i roto i Menlo Park). Te whakahōnore ia tae mai te peresideni Gerbert Guver me tokomaha ārahi pūtaiao American me he kaitito.

Whakakapi mō te rapa

ngā Tata i roto i te ora o Edison i hanga i te tono o ona hoa pai Genri Forda ko Harvey Firestone i te mutunga o nga 1920. Ua hinaaro ratou ki te kitea te puna kē o te rapa mō te whakamahi i roto i te potae automotive. Tae noa taua wa, i roto i te hanga o potae whakamahia rapa tūturu tangohia i te rakau rapa, e tupu i roto i te United States. rapa masivesivá kawemai me piki utu. Ki te tona pūngao me te thoroughness Edison āhuatanga whakamatauria mano o ngā tipu rerekē ki te kitea he whakakapinga e tika ana, a ka kitea te mutunga e taea te whakakapinga o te rapa hei goldenrod. tonu te mahi i runga i tenei kaupapa noa te mate o te ma'imi.

tau tata nei

I roto i te rua tau whakamutunga o te ora o Edison kua tino heke tona hauora. pau ia he rota o te wā atu i te taiwhanga, hei utu o te mahi i te kāinga i roto i Glenmont. ka roa te haerenga ki te pātū whānau i roto i Fort Myers i Florida. haere Edison e waru tekau, a ka tukua e ia i te maha o ma'i. I roto i te Ākuhata 1931 ka ia nui hoki te mate. tamau te mauähara o te hauora o Edison, a i 3:21 am Oketopa 18, 1931 ka mate te ma'imi nui.

Kei te ingoa te reira i muri i te pa i roto i New Jersey, e rua kareti me maha kura.