Tokotoru Cathedral o Alexander Nevsky pakiki: whakaahuatanga, hītori me te ngā meka

Ki te tonga-rawhiti o te pokapū o St. Petersburg, e tata ana nga pareparenga o te Neva ko te kikorangi kororia Tapu Tokotoru Cathedral, he pokapū hoahoanga me te whakapaipai o te Alexander Nevsky pakiki. Ana fokotu'utu'u rangatira o waia, me te tata ki te katoa Petersburgers. Kua waiho ratou hei ulungaanga ia o te pa, rite te kaipuke i runga i te koinga o te Admiralty me "whakaara Russia mo te koati," Te parahi eke hoiho.

Ohu, whanau whakahau o Petra Velikogo

whakaatu ngā pūkete Historical e i roto i 1710, i haere i te i te kongutu o te awa Neva i awa Black - rite i roto i te ra tawhito i huaina te nāianei awa Monastyrka - Emepara Pita whakahaua ahau ki te hanga i te ohu whakapono whakatapua ki St. Alexander Nevsky. kihai i tona hiahia râ rangitahi kau. ko nga tau o te whawhai ki a Sweden, me āwhina kaiwhakaruruhau tapu enei, te atu wheako nei ia ki te akina te Swedes, i hiahiatia. Ko te kōwhiringa o ngā wāhi mo te hanganga o te ohu i noa te hua i roto i aua ra i te whakapono hape e ko te reira i tenei wāhi, riro Prince Alexander tona wikitoria.

Ki te ana "hoa whakakake noa'tu" he pa nui, hoatu e Kingi Pita tona whare i runga i te tauine rahi. Kua whakawhanakehia tētahi mahere ariki i, i raro i i totoro nga waharoa pa i roto i roto i te tikanga āhuahanga tino. Hoki te hanga o ngā whare kāwanatanga, karangatia mau hiero me whare o nga rangatira te pai kaihoahoa ke. Reipa o nga mano o serfs, panaia i katoa i runga i Russia, i Finnish repo repo whakatika Venice o te Te Tai Tokerau.

I roto i te waenganui o te mahi, ka whakaturia bastions o te pa, me te hanga kaipuke Admiralty hou hanga iho nga kaipuke tuatahi o te kaipuke Russian i runga i te wai, tae te Hiha te akiaki o te hanga i te pokapū i te pae varua. hiahia e ia te tsar Pita ki kuraina tika atu i te ngangau pa tonu inoi ki te tonoa iho manaaki a te Atua ki tona kaha katoa. I tua atu, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, ko te reira i roto i te waenganui o te whawhai ki nga Swedes, me te mahara o te tapu, kotahi patua ratou, ko ki faauru toa o tenei ra.

Teuteu mo te hanganga o te ohu whakapono

fakafo'ituitui tohaina te kingi ohu hou te wahi hefty o whenua i runga i nga pareparenga o te Neva, i roto i te tua ki a ia i pēnei ki te whenua nui i roto i te rohe Olonets. kawea te mahi i runga i te kaupapa o te matatini hoahoanga i roto i rua tau i muri mai i te kaihoahoa Itari o te take mai Swiss Domenico Trezzini.

Project D.Trezini

I tuatahi te whakamahere te reira e te matatini o ngā whare Monastic, symmetrically horahia atu ki runga i te wāhi katoa wahi ki a ia i runga i nga pareparenga o te Neva, i mahara ki te hei tetahi atu whare ārai i runga i te tonga-rawhiti o te whakapaipai o te taitamariki, na ka hanga ai i runga i nga tikanga katoa o te taumaihi.

Tūhono Monastery ki St Petersburg whakaritea ara whariki i roto i te puia ngahere, ko i runga i te mahere rite "Neva pershpektiva" - te heke mai o te hīkoitanga matua te pa o Nevsky Prospekt.

te pokapū hoahoanga i mahara hanga ohu ki te waiho i te whare, he wahi mo e i kī ai i roto i te mahere e Trezzini, a ka tūmanakohia ia i nei ki te tīmata ngohi te Nevsky Prospekt. Te hanga i te kaupapa i whakaritea ki te temepara tata tae i Germany, te taitamariki, engari riro kē te kaihoahoa rongonui T. Schwertfeger, he tautoko u'ana o te kāhua Baroque Tiamana ka huatau.

He pai waimarie wā i muri

Tenei tuatahi, e kore Whatahoro Trinity Cathedral o Alexander Nevsky pakiki ko he hanganga rahi, te whakapaipai ki e rua pourewa pere ki tira i runga i te tihi. I 1719 i timata te ohipa faaineineraa matatini. Ko te whare, i roa hoki ma tahi nga tau, i oti i roto i 1733, engari i te reira hohoro ka mārama i hanga hape nui i roto i tona whakamahere.

I roto i te ngā, kihai i makona whakapakaritia ai ki te whenua i runga i nei te turanga whakaturia. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira ko tetahi whakataunga pārōnaki o ngā wāhanga takitahi o te whare karakia, i ko te take o te kapiti i roto i ona taonga. Whakapumautia i roto i 1744, ka haere te kōmihana ki te mutunga e te ati mau o tiango o te whare, me te eita o tona whakamahi.

Whakaotia tuuraki o te hahi tīmata i roto i 1753, ka hangaia i raro i te ārahitanga o State Kaunihera ā Ivan Jakovljevic Rossi, i'oa o te rongonui Carlo Rossi, ka mau e rua nga tau. I muri i te tuatahi Tapu Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky pakiki i St. Petersburg, kua tino wāwāhitanga, pau ia e ono nga tau i anake te huānga o te oti piki i te wa o te matatini ohu.

kia Rawa Catherine II

He wāhanga hou o te hanga i te whare no ki te kingitanga o Empress Catherine II, te whakahau o nei i roto i te 1763, i whakapumautia e te whakataetae o te Cathedral o kaupapa. I tae te reira i te taha o nga kaihoahoa tino ui o taua wa, pērā i Yu. M. Felten, AF Kokorin, FF Wiest, S. A. Volkov me ētahi atu. Tetahi o te mahi te aroaro kahore i riro i te whakaaetanga teitei me hanga o te kaupapa i shelved mo tetahi atu tau kotahi tekau ma tahi.

Anake i roto i te 1774, ka he ka taea anō roa - i hanga te ohu, me te temepara pokapū reira - whakahau Catherine II ki te whakaako i tona kaupapa o te hanga i te kaihoahoa Russian Ivanu Egorovichu Starovu. Mahi i runga i te tuhinga hangarau ka mau e rua nga tau, a i te 1776, i muri i te whakaaetanga teitei o te kaupapa, i tukua tona kaituhi whakahaere hanga. Empress fakatāutaha reira i te tuuraa kawa o te whare karakia. i muri tonu i te whakanui, manaakitia, tīmata matou ki te mahi.

Otinga me te haamo'araa o te temepara

I roto wha tau, ka whakatika ki te pourewa moenga pere rangi e rua. I tetahi o ratou, te tonga, i te i tāuta i te chimes, a ki runga ki te tahi atu, te raki, whakaarahia trinadtsatitonny Bell, ko wai i tuatahi i roto i te ohu Iberian me maka i roto i 1658. Na roto i te oti 1786 mahi hanga i roto i te whānui, me i te wha tau kua riro te reira ki te kawe i roto i whakapaipai roto, me te tuku wā mo te hanga o te rerenga, whakatapu te karakia.

ka mau te reira i wahi ki hakari rerekē i roto i te aroaro o te nuinga o Catherine te nui. I te wa ano i te Ekalesia e pātata o te Faaiteraa i te Oha atu pū ta'etukú i roto i te Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky Monastery i whakawhitia ki te penapena i reira tae noa ki taua wa, wahi hiriwa i roto i i tuuhia te tapu pukahu o Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Te hiero - te takoha ki te marohirohi

Mai i te wa o tona hanganga no te Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky pakiki i St Petersburg ki te kāwai o pera-ka karanga Kapitulna, e ko, hahi a te Order. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki te Order o St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. oti rawa te tīmatanga ki tona rohe i whakanohoia e ia i raro i te pourewa tonga, engari i whakakorea i roto i te 1838.

Ka rite ki te tohu o te faatura motuhake mo te katoa whakawhiwhia tenei tohu mo ratou i roto i te ruma motuhake tata te karakia whakatuwheratia take Fedorov i roto i 1791, a muri mai i te tomokanga ki te temepara i reira ko te tanga o te Order o te whakapakoko.

Ko te timatanga o te wā o te ta'e katoa

Mai te timatanga o Bolshevik tikanga Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky Monastery kihai i mawhiti te tukanga o te expropriation ao o taonga no ki te hahi. Katoa e, kia rite ki nga mana hou, ko o uara, i hanga ai i roto o taua mea, a ka ka tukua te whare i te ritenga i roto i te Renovators tau ano - puta māngai i muri i te Hui-tanguru Revolution kaupapa secessionist roto i nga minita nei i korero hoki "whakahou o te Ekalesia", me te ngana ki te haere mai ki ngā ki te mua.

Mai i 1928 ki te 1933 no Tapu Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky Monastery ki te peka rerekē o te ha'a faifekaú, ka haere ki raro i roto i te hītori rite "nepominayuschie". Tenei rōpū o tohunga i pai ki te takahi i ki te mana Soviet me i runga i to ratou koropiko i roto i te inoi ki te whakanui Metropolitan Herekiu (Stargorodsky), ki te mahi tahi ki a ia. I te wa he mea rite te ine iti i te hahi o te Tūtohinga taea te i titiro e te mana rite te mahi tōrangapū, a ki te whakatau ki runga ki taua mea, e hiahiatia ana he itoito ataahua.

Te hiero i roto i te tau o te tikanga totalitarian

Otiia i roto i 1933 te Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky Monastery, tona hītori kei te nuinga orokati ki te hītori o te nuinga o nga mau hiero me monasteries o te wa, i katia. tū te ratonga whakamutunga i reira i runga i te 7 Hakihea. mohio te whare karakia kei te rite te faahiahia o te hoahoanga siasí, tū te pokapū whakatö-. I roto i te wā o muri i runga i te whare o te whare karakia noho te Takiwa Housing Mana, he whare putunga me te whare taonga. I whakakorea te reira i me te Alexander Nevsky pakiki.

i hoki mai Trinity Cathedral ki te iwi noa Siu i 1957, engari anake i runga i nga tika o te hahi pāriha, me ki te, kia āhei e te hapori, i tona ake utu ki te hanga mahi tika katoa i runga i tona hanga, me te faaho'iraa mai. Aua'e, i runga i nga tau mai i tona katinga, kihai i whakangaromia ai mapere iconostasis Pinketi teina, e nui whakatere te faaho'iraa mai o te temepara. He tau i muri mai, ka oti te wāhanga tuatahi o hanga, i te mutunga whakatapua te hahi.

tatü anō

I ora te tino taua Tokotoru Tapu Alexander Nevsky pakiki rite te ohu noa 1989. Na ano whāngai matou te tūtohinga, me te tāutuhia tangata, e ka mau ia ki nga pou whakahaere matua, pērā i te ōhanga, te tumuaki tuawhenua, te sacristan, confessor, a na i runga i. I te wa ano i whakakorea te hapori, i roto i te tiaki o nga take katoa o te Tokotoru Tapu Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky pakiki. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te mate o ratou mana o te hahi pāriha motuhake. I te pae hopea, i hoki katoa o nga whare e i whakaurua i mua i roto i te matatini ohu ki te ohu i roto i 2000.

Te hiero - te whakapaipai o te matatini hoahoanga

I teie mahana, St Petersburg Alexander Nevsky Monastery ko tetahi o nga urupa hītori matua o te pa, he pokapū hoahoanga o nei whakaaro ko ki hei te Tokotoru Tapu Cathedral. Tenei hanganga dome rahi, te whakapaipai nei te ki e rua pourewa pere rahi, whakaaro tetahi o nga masterpieces o Classicism wawe. Roto tona pylon kaha e toru, te faaiteraa i te wāhi katoa ka hoatu a reira he āhua cruciform, tautoko te kikorangi o te whare. Loggia hanga tomokanga matua whakamahau o ono tīwae Doric.

I mua i te revolution i roto i te whare karakia ko te peita takohatia e Empress Catherine II, a muri raupatu e te mua. I roto ratou i nga mahi o maha rangatira nui o te mua. Ko ara tenei ra, te Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky Monastery, rā hoki ki te rau tau XVIII nei iho, e whakapaipai ki te mahi o nga rangatira whakaae o nga toi pai. Kua ora te reira i runga i huahua hanga domes Kvarengi peita me ruma. Neke atu i te te tonga me te tomokanga kei reliefs raki tohu scenes o te Tahito e te Faufaa, nga mahi o te toi tino Russian F. Shubin. tokanga makehe tika peitatia hoki tatau kingi, i hanga e rongonui toi I. A. Akimovym ko J. Mettenleyterom.

Enei rangatira peita me te whakapaipai whakairo o te whare temepara i roto tino tonu te raina toi timata e ahau E. Starov. Trinity Cathedral o te Alexander Nevsky Monastery, i te noa'tu o nga parekura katoa pau e ratou i runga i nga tau i te tapeke o te tutu, ko te tauira teitei o puāwaitanga XVIII toi Russian me rau tau XIX.