Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha: photo, architecture. He aha te mea te koraha Tokotoru-Herekiu?

He tohu tino o te hītori Russian - te koraha Tokotoru-Herekiu (Russian hoahoanga ahua) - te kāwanatanga tiaki tenei ra. Heoi, i te ohu ki te haere i roto i te mau taime fifi, rite ki te hua o nei i ngatangatá ngaro etahi whare. I teie mahana mohio nga tangata o Russia rite Trinity-Herekiu koraha aha titiro reira. Ko te taonga tūturu o te ahurea Russian, a ka tika kia mohio e pā ana ki reira nga Russian.

taketake o te ohu whakapono

I roto i te 1734, ua faaoti te Russian Empress Anna Ivanovna ki te whakawhiti i te whenua i roto i te 10 maero i Petersburg, i noho i mua i te pātū moana o te Tiuka o Mecklenburg-Schwerin, te tuahine tuakana o te Empress, tona confessor. Archimandrite o te Tokotoru-Herekiu Monastery hiahia Varlaam ki kia anake, no te tika he whakarurutanga taua ka tikanga te whenua hou i. Ko tenei e founga te koraha Tokotoru-Herekiu, mo o te ohu whakapono, i mahi i mua kia rite ki Barlaam. Ko te kupu te tikanga "koraha" "wahi o te pororaru, whakangaro ai," i muri "ohu". riro hoki Barlaam whakaaetanga ki te neke ki te kāinga hou te hahi iti rakau o te whakaaro o te whakapaingia wahine Meri i te whenua o Kuini Praskovya Feodorovna. Ko te hahi tuatahi o te ohu whakapono, i i whakatapua i roto i te honore o St. Herekiu o Radonezh Mei 2, 1735. Koraha, i roto i te mana o te Abbot, kei te tere whiwhi rongonui, Kei te tere nei te piki tona taimaha i roto i te ora fakalotu o St. Petersburg, engari ko te tonu 30 nga tau ohu tawhito ko te wahi iti mo'emo'ei piha'i te Gulf o Finland.

te tino pokea ana

I raro i Elizabeth, e Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha i runga i te mana hou. faaoti te Empress ki whakaturia ake ki runga i te kaupapa o te cloister "pai" ohu whakapono, me te tango i te maha o ngā mahi ki te rave i te reira. Te tamahine o Pita te nui aroha ki te hanga, i roto i tona kingitanga riro Petersburg te rota o whare tika: Winter Palace, te Cathedral o te Smolny Monastery, Grand Peterhof Palace, Tsarskoye selo whare nui.

Fakapapau'i ki taui i te koraha Tokotoru-Herekiu, ki i ite e ia he ongo motuhake: i roto i te ruma o te ohu i tatari ia mo te putanga o te tukipoto nō ka puritia te te mahi tuatahi i roto i te honore o te faahopearaa oaoa o te hui, haamata Elizaveta Petrovna ki te hanga. whakahau Empress Architect PA kaupapa Trezzini Tapu Trinity Cathedral. hanga kaihoahoa i runga i te tauira tuatahi o te Smolny Convent Rastrelli me hanga he whakapakoko hou o te temepara i mua nei.

I roto i 1756, te karakia timata ki te hanga, ka hanga i roto i 1758 te hahi o St. Herekiu o Radonezh, pūtau kohatu hanga mo nga kuraina, pourewa kaitiaki me taiepa. I roto i te 1764, Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha i roto i Strelna whiwhi motuhake, he reira kore kaimahi ki te Tokotoru-Herekiu pakiki, tu te ohu i te matenga o tona ake Archimandrite. Otiia kihai i Erihapeti kite i tenei hurihanga koraha tino, e kore hoki e tae mai te wā angitu tino. tūranga Archimandrite maha nohoia e te tangata hou nei e kore e tika e whai wa ki te mahi i te tahi mea nui mo te whanaketanga o te koraha.

Anake i roto i te tau 1834 ka timata te wā o te pai o te koraha-Taha'i-Herekiu. I te matenga o te ohu whakapono tu te tangata rawa ngā - Ignatius Bryanchaninov, he paetahi anaana o te kura engineering, rohi pehe kaha, rangatira, nei i hoatu ake he ora pāpori ātahu a hoatu ratou ringa i roto i te ingoa o te pai o te ohu whakapono. Nicholas hoatu e ahau ki a ia te kawenata - ki te hanga o te koraha tauira Tokotoru-Herekiu o nga monasteries katoa. ka totohe rua tekau nga tau Abbot ki tenei whāinga, me he mahi nui taea ia.

ka e taha o nga manuhiri auau o te ohu te kingi ia, ko wai maha ui mo tohutohu me te manaaki o Archimandrite. whakaturia Ignatius ture tino tino i roto i te ohu whakapono, te hanga i te kēnana o te momo o Optina. Tona mono Ignatius Malyshev 40 tau i muri tonu i te mahi i runga i te whanaketanga me te whakapakaritanga o te ohu whakapono. I roto i tenei wā, te Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha whakaahua e te kawe i tenei ra he wahi anake o tona nui, hanga ki te whare hou ki runga: hahi, whare noho, whare pāmu, te whare pukapuka, e kua neke atu i te 6000 ngā pukapuka. riro te ohu he pa iti tūturu, whakatuwheratia reira e rave rahi kura, te u te kāinga, he hōhipera mo te hotel rawakore. i piri ia e te tekiona 50 o whakatekau, te wahi ngakia nga kuraina hua, huawhenua. riro Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha wahi whaimana me te mana, haere mai ki konei ki te inoi ki te mohio tona urupā okioki te rota o te iwi rongonui me te iwi rongonui.

Ko te Abbot whakamutunga o te ohu Herekiu te papa wairua o te Grand Duke Dmitry me Konstantin Romanov. I mua i te revolution, te whakatangihanga a te ohu he wāhi nui i roto i te ora i te pae varua o te kāwanatanga, ko te pokapū ahurea, me te ōhanga nui.

tau o te parekura

ke katoa i muri i te revolution. I roto i te 1919, ka katia te ohu o te koraha-Taha'i-Herekiu, ahakoa kua tonu te mahi mo etahi wa. Ko te wahi matua o nga kuraina whakahekea, noho etahi i roto i te korerorero mahi rohe. pahuatia rawa ohu i roto i 1921 koperea nga mua heheu te Rector o St. Herekiu. I 1931, i reira whakatuwheratia he kura whakangungu hōia. I roto i te whawhai nui nga whare o te ohu i tukua i roto i matā. Ko te tīmatanga kino i roto i 60 tau. I roto i 1962, te Tokotoru Tapu Cathedral, ka mutu ki te waiho i wahia te tohu. puhia te Ekalesia o te inoi o te wahine Tapu i runga i te 1964, i te tiketike o te pakanga antireligious o Khrushchev. I roto i te 1968 huna reira te hahi o te raa.

ohu i tenei ra

I roto i te 1993, Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha whakaahua nei i taua wa i te tirohanga aroha, i tukua i runga i ki te Ekalesia Siu. Āta timata mahi fakafoki mai i roto i te kuraina ohu noho ano. I roto i te hahi whakahaere Sergiya Radonezhskogo ratonga auau, whakahokia te whakahokinga mai urupā manawanui huna i roto i te whare ora. moemoea Monks ake whakahokia te ngaro, engari kihai i pera matara tae nga ringa, te mahi i roto i te ohu whakapono he maha. Tonu, te koraha Tokotoru-Herekiu, te hoahoanga o nei wāhanga tiaki ara tenei ra pānga te pūkenga me te taranata o kaihoahoa, ahuareka ki te kanohi o ratou whakaurunga manuhiri.

Te matatini hoahoanga

Ka taea te tautuhi i te kāhua hoahoanga o te koraha rite te hoahoanga Russian tuku iho tauira. Ko te whare o te ohu whakapono fakatahai te kēnana whakapumautia o hoahoanga ki whakaaro auaha. A, no te hanga koe i whakamahia te ohu whakapono kaupapa whakamahere puāwaitanga, ka te pokapū o te hanganga, ko te whare tapu matua me te wāhi pātata ki reira, a ka kua whakanohoia kua huri te toenga o te hanganga. Ko te whare matua o te rohe puta i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19. Here e taea te kite koe i nga mea timatanga o te eclecticism, i he e hāngai ana mō te hoahoanga Russian me Pākehā o te wā. Hoki te āhuatanga hoki nga whare o te ohu e te aroaro o taumu'a Russian.

Tokotoru-Herekiu ngā koraha hoahoanga i ko te tauira o te whakamahi o taumu'a motu i roto i te hoahoanga whare, i hanga kia rite ki te ohu Russian, i reira ki te korero ahua o te whare karakia, me nga whare katoa. Ko te āhua whakamutunga o te cloister i hanga e e te hauwhā whakamutunga o te rau tau 19, te matatini ngā neke atu i te 10 whare tikanga, me te maha o ngā whare mō te ngā take. mahi reira maha kaihoahoa rongonui. hanga P. Trezzini te kaupapa o te Toru tahi Cathedral me te whakamahere i te wāhi kaupapa whanaketanga, hanga Luidzhi Ruska ngote kāinga, AM Wihara whakaarahia wawao ko te Kaiwhakaora Chapel, mahi i runga i ngā kaupapa Ekalesia o te inoi, a Grigoriya Bogoslova, e Rastrelli hanga pūtau Monastic. O ko faufaa nui te urupā ohu whakapono, kua tanumia wahi maha tama rongonui a Russia, inaianei āta ora tona ahua hītori.

Hiero o Saint ia Herekiu

i hanga tuatahi Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha a tawhio noa te hahi o St. Herekiu o Radonezh. I hanga te temepara tuatahi o te rakau, ka toko ake ai i St Petersburg. I te mutunga o te rau tau 18 i roto i tona wahi whakaarahia te whare karakia kohatu tuatahi, i roto i 1854 kotahi ano tino hanga. hanga kaihoahoa Gornostaev he hahi i roto i te kāhua Byzantine, ki rima pene, me te rua fare pureraa: Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora i te urupa o Fakapōngí Zenaida Apraksins me nga tanumanga o te Yusupov. , Kua whakapaipai reira nui temepara e rua-papa e taea hāngai ake ki te 2 mano iwi ki ōpure matapihi karaihe i roto i te kāhua Romana. whakapaipai te iconostasis te ki kohatu utu nui, me te semiprecious, hanga papa mosaic te rite ki te huahua o te kaihoahoa. ora te karakia nga wa uaua katoa me tonu ki te mahi i tenei ra.

Architecture Tokotoru Monastery

ka Trinity Monastery te ngakau o te ohu whakapono. I whakaturia te reira i roto i 1756, i te mātakitaki i te kaihoahoa P. Trezzini mahi. hanga te Cathedral rima-domed o kohatu i roto i te 4 tau. patua Hiero he roto taonga: stucco, frescoes me peita, he rota o te marama - i hanga tenei katoa he tikanga o te hakari. He whare iti, ki te kaha o 600 iwi, patua te tirohanga whakapaipai. Te reira i whakaurua Trezzini te pai o te hoahoanga Baroque. He maha kōrero, stucco, e rima domes ūpoko whakaritea whare ki tīwae hanga kawa, me te whakapaipai. kua meinga e ia hei paearu, mo te hanga o hahi puta noa Russia e rite nui rite 20 tau.

kōrero te hiero. kaiwhakaatu Valerian

ko Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha te piringa whakamutunga o maha nga tangata nunui, ko tetahi o ratou Graf Valerian Zubov, he rangatira tino, ikuna o Derbent. I roto i te wahi o tona tanumanga papa temepara ki te whakamahau i roto i te kāhua Empire i hanga. Ko te whare kua he whare porohita āhua rerekē, i roto i nei kei te te iconostasis ruawhetū. Ko te whare ko te matatini kotahi ki te whare hauātanga. Tae noa tenei ra, ora taua te hanga, engari i roto i te puka tino faahuru ê e tika ana ki rearrangements i te 40s o te rau tau 20, ka noho ai te koroni mahi.

Ekalesia o te inoi o te wahine Tapu

hanga Koraha i te whakawhetai ki te kiritaki pai-mohiotia, rite ko te whare o te wahine Tapu te whare, whakahau e Prince Kochubey i te honore o tona wahine mate. hanga te kaupapa he karakia R. Kuzmin, i roto i nga tau 1859-1863 i hanga, ka oti e Harald Bosse. hangaia te whare iti, engari nui rawa i roto i te kāhua Renaissance, i hanga te ahua hītori o te ohu whakapono. fehangahangai te whare i ki te kohatu hina i Scotland, me he tino haamana'oraa o Florence Cathedral. whakangaromia te hahi i roto i te 1964.

te hiero Grigorievsky

hanga Ekalesia o St. Grigoriya Bogoslova i roto i 1855-1857 tau i te marae kaihoahoa Alexander II AM Shtakenshnejdera. Kei te paturu te reira i roto i te kāhua Russian-Byzantine me ko te ruma iti ki moenga iconostasis, tuhituhia i runga i te papamuri koura, me te mapere urupa ma o te heketanga i roto i te kauwhata G. Kushelev. Kei te mahi Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha nei i runga i te faaho'iraa mai o te whakapaipai roto o te temepara, i kua tiaki kua i roto i te puka ului, engari e kore e mahi.

Ekalesia o te raa

Kua tonu kua Petersburg Monastery Tokotoru-Herekiu koraha te hoho'a tumu o te wairua Russian. kia kia huaina te nuinga "Russian" hanga he hahi hip o te raa o te Karaiti. I hanga te reira i roto i 1877-1880 raro i te kaupapa o A. Parland, te kaituhi rongonui o te Cathedral o te Faaora i runga toto i roto i St Petersburg. Facades o pereki tae, poke matapihi karaihe, pati-tanga ki tau o te hunga tapu Russian - hanga tenei katoa te raa Cathedral rite te takawairore ataahua. Ko te roto o te hiriwa, whero, patua hoki parahi marama. I roto i 1968 whakatangihia te hahi i runga.