Tūmau mēra i runga i Linux: tirohanga whānui me te tatūnga

rite te paetukutuku noa ki te atanga ratarata-kaiwhakamahi, i roto i nei e taea te whakamarie koe te tuhituhi kuputuhi, tāpiri pikitia, me te tuku i ngā karere ki hoa E-mēra mo te nuinga o te iwi titiro. Heoi, ko reira mau nui atu uaua. Hei whakawhiti raraunga mā te whakamahi i tūmau ī-mēra i runga i Linux. Ko ratou te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i te tukatuka, tuku, me te ararere karere. E aparau teie tuhinga nga tūmau ī-mēra tino rongonui i runga i Linux, me te pehea ki te whirihora etahi o ratou.

Arotake o ngā whakataunga ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha o te tuku me te whiwhi i ngā karere

Ki te awhina o ī-mēra i runga i te tūmau Linux, ka taea e koe hohoro a ngāwari tohatoha ratou ake tikanga ki te riro me te tuku i ngā karere. Te tukutuku he nui o rongoā rite-hanga, e taea anake whakaturia he bit "oti." I roto ia ratou, o te akoranga, i reira e ano matatini ake i roto i te whirihoranga pūnaha, whakaaturia te whirihoranga o nei i roto i te tauira e whai ake nei Postfix.

SendMail - rongonui, me te nohopuku

Ka taea te huaina SendMail te pionie i roto i ngā tūmau mēra i runga i Linux. I tukua te putanga tuatahi hoki i roto i te 1983. Mai taukei SendMail plurality o teihana me kōpuku. Kei te whānui reira whakamahia ki tenei ra. Nohopuku, me papaitia tūmau, engari e kore e whakatau i te reira paerewa haumaru hou, me te he rawa taimaha ki te whakaturia ake.

Postfix - ngāwari, kaha, me te pono

I whakawhanakehia tuatahi reira mo te whakamahi ā-IBM Center Research. He maha ngā mahi me ngā āhuatanga tono i SendMail. Heoi, ko reira nui tere, haumaru, me e tatūnga iti te wā, me te kaha. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira rite te tūmau mēra i runga i Linux, MacOS, Solaris.

IredMail

Ko te tino tenei tūmau he virulence nui whakaturia o hōtuhi me ngā kōnae whirihoranga. Ki te to ratou awhina, ka taea e koe hohoro te tiki ake i te tūmau mēra i runga i Linux Web-e hāngai ana, me te kore utu. He tautoko mō te SMTP, POP3 me te IMAP. Ko te tukanga tāutanga kore te tikanga e tangohia atu atu i te 10 meneti, i runga i te pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere rānei.

I roto i te tukanga o te whakanoho i te tūmau mēra Linux- Ka tāuta aunoa iRedMail tikanga o te mahi ki huaketo me pāme. I tua atu ki enei taea te tāpiri malu'i ki kaha whakaarokore, ngā analyzers me pera i runga i. He kōwhiringa nui rite tūmau Linux-mēra.

IndiMail

fakatahai reira e rave rahi kawa mohiotia me hangarau mo te whakatinanatanga o te tuku o ngā karere īmēra. ngātahi te pūnaha te kaha ki te hanga i ngā hononga i waenganui i te kōpuku o te whatunga, hei tauira, mō te faaiteraa i te rauemi mēra mō kamupene o manga rerekē. Ko te pūnaha he tikanga whirihoranga rawa ngāwari. Kei te whakatinana te reira i roto i te he faka◊uhinga◊i o taurangi, o nei e te tūmau e pā ana ki 200. Ko taea ki te hanga i te maha o ngā rerenga whakarara mahi IndiMail.

ngunguru

Poutāpeta Linux web-tūmau tuhituhia i roto i te C ++. He he he API hanga-i roto i mō te whakahaere me te hanga wheako. He he rota o ngā āhuatanga, me te taumahinga "i roto o te pouaka." Tautokona e rave rahi putanga o te pātengi raraunga pai-mohiotia. Ki te hiahiatia, Whiringahora Anō ranei, ka taea e hohoro koe te whakawhiti i tetahi ki te tahi atu. wehea atanga tūmau te tika ki to ratou rohe motuhake - kaiwhakamahi, kaiwhakahaere, me te tūmau rohe.

Zentyal

Pea te tereina māmā me tino watea mēra Linux-tūmau. Ko reira tata katoa o nga tohutohu, me te mahi i te tautuhinga i roto i te atanga kauwhata motuhake. I runga i te tūmau mēra Linux Ubuntu. Tāpiri mahi kaha ranei e tāuta kōwae hou. Ki te taea te whakarite i te reira rite te tūmau mēra motuhake me te pouara takawaenga ranei kōpuku i waenganui i nga pekanga matua.

Axigen

Free, kaha, me te ngā tūmau mēra taonga. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira rite i roto i ona ake atanga tukutuku ranei i roto i tetahi kiritaki ī-mēra. Ko te taea ki te kohikohi mēra i ngā pouaka waho, ki te whakaputa i te whakautu aunoa ki ngā karere, te tātari ratou, a hoki watea ki te kawemai i te kōnae CSV ia.

Whirihoranga me Whakahaere he ona ake atanga Tukutuku. Hoki te hunga i aroha o te tauira whakahaere puāwaitanga - he wātea mā te papatohu whakahau te mahi.

tautoko te tūmau i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere, tae atu raina Windows. Kei te tino pai te tuhi i te tukanga o te taunekeneke me te razyasnon maha tauira i runga i te paetukutuku o te kaiwhakawhanake.

CommuniGate Pro

tūmau Cross-turanga e taea te mahi ki te ī-mēra, me te reo karere. Ko taea ki te hono ki reira mā kiritaki ī-mēra te atanga tukutuku centralized ranei. He te whakatutukitanga o te pārōnaki o mana uru ki te iwi torutoru pūkete. Ka taea e monomai te āwhina whakauru i te ngā pūnaha anti-huaketo me rongoā.

Tautuhi ana i te tauira o te pūnaha

I muri i te arotake o ngā tūmau ī-mēra i runga i Linux kia whakaaro te whakatakoto i tetahi o ratou i roto i te kōrero atu.

Hei tauira, ka taea e matou whakaatu ki a koe ki te tāuta me te whirihora Postfix runga Ubuntu. Kei te riro te reira e te mea e wātea ana kua te taputapu me te whakahoutia te pūnaha whakahaere e ki te putanga hou.

Ko te mea tuatahi ki te mahi - ko ki te tiki i te tūmau iho. Ko wātea i roto i te puna o Ubuntu reira, na te kāpeka, momo:

I roto i tāutanga, ka ui te pūnaha mō te kupuhipa hōu mō te kaiwhakamahi pātengi raraunga i raro i te pūkete pakiaka. Na kia korerotia ai ki te whakaū i. Na e taea e ia te ui he aha te momo o te tāutanga e hiahia. Na, te ingoa mēra o te pūnaha, te wahi e taea e koe te whakapūtā - some.server.ru.

Na e hiahia ana koe ki te waihanga i tētahi pātengi raraunga mo te tūmau. Ka taea te mahi i tēnei ki te whakahau:

pakiaka mysqladmin -u -p waihanga mēra.

Ko tenei te wahi ki te hiahia whakapūtā he kupuhipa whaimana mo te pātengi raraunga.

Na ka taea e koe te haere ki te MySQL kiri rawa ki te whakahau:

mysql -u pakiaka. ano, ka ui te pūnaha te kupuhipa e he tika ki te tomo.

Ka whakahau Next whakaritea, e e āwhina i ki te hanga i tētahi kaiwhakamahi hōu ki haamaitairaa:

hiahiatia hoki tepu i roto i te pātengi raraunga matua, te hanga ratou pera taea e koe:

Na te kore e hiahiatia papatohu mysql a taea te tiki e koe i roto i o reira.

whirihoranga Postfix

Tuatahi e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaatu i te tūmau, me pehea ki te uru i te pātengi raraunga, me pehea ki te titiro hoki reira te uara e tika ana. Ki te mahi i tenei, i reira ka kia maha ngā kōnae. kia kia tū ratou i roto i te whaiaronga / etc / Postfix. Tenei ko o ratou ingoa enei:

kia roto i ratou te tirotiro e whai ake nei, i roto i nei e kia ahurei te aho rapu mō ia kōnae:

ingoa kaiwhakamahi = admin tohua ka hanga he tepu;

kupuhipa = ;

dbname = ingoa pātengi raraunga hanga;

uiui = uiui, ia hoki te kōnae ngā;

mano = 127.0.01.

Tetahi wahi uiui mō ngā kōnae:

ka whakaturia ēnei kōnae te kupuhipa ki te takiuru ki te pātengi raraunga, a uru ki a ratou me te hopoia fakangatangata. Hei tauira, te tika waiho, ko reira fakangatangata.

Na to tatou ki te tāpiri i te tahi mau kōwhiringa ki Postfix. E tano ia tapao e i roto i te rārangi e whai ake, whakakapi some.server.ru te rohe tūturu.

Certifications haumaru

Hei timata, ka hiahia koe ki te waihanga i tētahi mana tohu, e ka whakaū i te mana o nga tiwhikete katoa.

Hanga ki ngā kōnae toa:

mkdir ~ / CA_new

Na te kōnae whirihoranga. taurima te reira i te waehere e whai ake nei:

He whakamārama iti ki reira:

• C tāupe - konei e hiahia ana koe ki te whakapūtā te whenua i roto i te hōputu rua-pukapuka, hei tauira, mō te Russia - RU;
• ST - te tikanga he rohe motuhake wāhi ranei;
• L - te pa;
• E - te ingoa o te kamupene;
• CN - konei e hiahia ana koe ki te whakapūtā te rohe e aro te kī;
• wāhitau ī-mēra.

Na ka hanga a te kī ano:

sudo OpenSSL genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 4096

faauru te pūnaha koe mo te kupuhipa mo te kī, i roto i tetahi take e kore e wareware.

Na e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatuwhera i te Putanga matua:

OpenSSL Rahu -mo -x509 -nodes -sha1, ara 3650 -key ca.key -out ca.crt -config ca.conf

He ka Me ki te tomo i te kupuhipa hanga i mua mo te kī tūmataiti.

Na te tiwhikete:

OpenSSL pkcs12 -export -i ca.cer -inkey ca.key -out ca.pfx

Next hiahia koe ki te waihanga i tētahi whaiaronga roto nei ki te rokiroki taviri hangaia katoa. tautuhi ake kōpaki te mo ia tūmau.

mkdir Serv

mkdir Serv / some.domen.ru

Na te hanga i to ratou ake whirihoranga:

mitanano Serv / some.domen.ru / openssl.conf

Roto reira kia te tautuhinga i tohua i raro nei. He rite ki te hunga kua hanga ratou.

Hei whakaputa i te kī, te whakamahi i te whakahau:

sudo OpenSSL genrsa -passout haere: 1234 -des3 -out Serv / some.server.ru / server.key.1 2048

Ka whakamahia e tēnei aho te kupuhipa 1234. Ranei e hiahiatia te reira mo etahi wa.

Kei te nekehia atu te kupuhipa nei i te kapa:

OpenSSL RSA -passin haere: 1234 Serv -i / some.server.ru / server.key.1 -out Serv / some.server.ru/server.key

Na whai koe ki te haina matua:

SERV /some.server.ru/ openssl.conf -new -key SERV /some.server.ru/ server.key -out SERV /some.server.ru/ server.csr Serv OpenSSL Rahu -config /some.server.ru/ openssl.conf -mo -key Serv /some.server.ru/ server.key -out Serv /some.server.ru/ server.csr

rm -f SERV/ some.server.ru/server.key.1 Na tango te poto: Rm -f Serv / some.server.ru/server.key.1

Ki te awhina o te whawhe kawea i roto i ka waiho he tūmau mēra e taea anake tuku me te whiwhi i ngā karere. I tua atu ki te matua, i reira e atu kōwae e taea te tāuta ki te whakawhānui i te taumahinga. Tenei ka hanga i te tūmau mēra tonu-ngā i runga i Linux mo te hinonga.

āhuatanga atu

Ka taea te whakamahi i te kōwae e whai ake nei ki te whakawhānui i te kaha o te tūmau mēra, pērā i "pāme" ranei tohatoha ratonga.

• Ope. Tino atanga tukutuku ratarata-kaiwhakamahi mō te mēra. I tua atu ki tona mahi matua kua he maramataka hanga-i roto i, mahi, me hoapā. He he whirihoranga, me te kita taiawhio watea.
• Amavisd-hou. mahi te reira i te tūranga o te kuwaha, me te te whakamahia matua mō te tere atu hangarau rerekē. Ka whiwhi Amavisd-hou, whiriwhiringa whakatau reira ranei e taea e te reira mōrearea, me hono nga mahi atu o te tahi atu kōwae mō te whakaū.
• SpamAssassin. Ka rite ki te ingoa titau, whiriwhiringa o te kōwae nga pukapuka kia rite ki etahi tikanga, te tātai pāme. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira e rua motuhake, me te hei wāhanga o ngā rewera.
• ClamAV. Popular Linux-taiao wheori. Ko te pūmanawa free. Taea ki te mahi ki maha tūmau mēra rerekē ki te matawai i ngā kōnae me ngā karere "i runga i te ngaro".
• Heu. ostfix. pupuru ana tēnei kōwae nga checksums o ngā karere pāme me paraparau tika ki P ostfix.
• Pyzor - tetahi atu taputapu ki te whakatau i nga karere e roto i kino ranei huakore ki te waehere kaiwhakamahi.
• Fail2ban. He taputapu e tiaki kaiwhakamahi pūkete ki hacking kupuhipa kaha hopukanga. I muri i te maha etahi o ngā wā āraia te tauwhāiti te IP-wāhitau te mo te ia.
• Mailman. ara māmā ki te waihanga rārangi mēra i roto i te atanga Tukutuku.
• Munin. He taputapu mō te mahi tūmau aroturuki. He he maha nui o rite-hanga mono-mai e whakawhānui ona āheinga. Ka taea te aroturuki mahi kawa Whatunga i runga i te hōtaka watea.

mutunga

I taea te kite i te tuhinga, tāutanga me te whirihoranga o te tūmau mēra tonu-parirau ā - he mahi roa, me te uaua. Heoi, te tikanga ka matau tenei huarahi e founga mahi te pūnaha, me te mohio ona kaha me whakaraeraetanga. I roto i te take o ngā raruraru rite e te kaiwhakahaere ka taea ki te hohoro te kimi me te whakatika i te raruraru. Ngā hāngai ko reira hoki ngā kamupene nui nei he tino ti'aturi i runga i te tere o te tuku me te whiwhi i ngā karere ki kiritaki ranei hoa mahi. Hoki whatunga iti ko rawa otinga e tika ana "i roto o te pouaka", e taea te tohatoha hohoro te whakamahi i atanga ratarata-kaiwhakamahi.

Heoi, i roto i te hui o te kore te tūmau e whai i te wa roa ki te tomo me te matau i te wae pūnaha. Ko te tuhinga i runga i te tauira o Postfix tūmau mēra whakaatu nga tikanga taketake me ngā tikanga mō te whakanoho i te mahi tuatahi. Honoa ki te maha nui o kōwae, mono-mai, me te tāpiri-ake ka hanga reira he taputapu kaha, me te pono mo te tuku me te whiwhi karere.