Tūnga ārai

Ko te tūnga ārai o te takitahi, ko te tohu whānui o te kāwanatanga i roto i nei te pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te hiahia hoki reira whakatika i roto i te ako o te kore whakapae o te pūnaha paruru. heheu tenei te āhua o te maumaui, ka tautuhi pehea ki te whakatutuki ia ratou. Huringa, i waiho i raro nei ki te mana ārai, kia tāutuhia i roto i te wā. Kore pea ki te puta mate feunga nui (mate pāwera, ngā tukanga hopuhopu, te pukupuku, me te tahi atu māuiuitanga).

Humoral (e pā ana ki te wai i roto i te tinana), me te pānga wātea i te mate pūtau-takawaenga te mana ārai, puritia tātaritanga o ratou mana e te tikanga o whakamātautau takitahi ngā i roto i te immunogram. He ako ki te whakatau i te huru o te pūnaha ārai o te tinana. Ko te tātaritanga aromatawai te whaihua o te ngā wae mātanga e hanga ake te mana ārai. I roto i tenei take, he nui nga whakamātautau katoa, no te mea ngā nga mahi tiaki i ratou mahi tahi.

Ko te ahei o te ārai i te horapa o tukumate (wahopūtau) huaketo me mate kitakita i roto i te wā tuatahi o ratou penetration ki te tinana pūnaha ārai mate hauora Humoral. whakautu Humoral whakaratohia e te B-lymphocytes me kawea atu i roto i te serum. Fakatokanga'i e tukumate (kaihoko ke) B-lymphocytes rereke (whakawhiti) ki ngā pūtau wē, e hua (hua) he antibody - immunoglobulins (pūmua serum). herea ki ngoto he kaihoko ke ki te aukati tona mahi koiora, ka mawehe atu i te tinana Immunoglobulins. Ko te kupu, i mahi i te mahi tika immunoglobulins.

pūmua waikuruwhatu e whai wāhi i roto i te faaitoitoraa o ētahi atu whakahoki ārai e tautoko mana noa ārai. Hei tauira, "pūtau ōka» (NK- me K-pūtau) lysed i (rewa) pūtau tino ke e kua pani ki te immunoglobulins (IG G).

Na roto i te here ki te antigen, whakahohe hoki immunoglobulins te huinga o tahi pūmua serum (pūnaha ngä). Ētahi āhuatanga o te pūnaha ngä whai te kaha ki te patu i te membrane pūtau, meinga whakangaromanga o ngā pūtau ke, kia lahaga atu āhuatanga te rohe o te mumura me te kukume ona leukocytes nui.

Humoral, ngā nei i roto i te mana ārai arotakea te whakamahi i te kite, me te tatau o te toto B-lymphocytes (i roto i te ōrau me te tau pūmau). whakaritea mahi Taumahi o (B-lymphocytes) Kei runga i immunoglobulins synthesized e ratou i roto i te whakautu ki te whakaongaonga B pūtau-. Whakatau i te aroaro o paturopi ki te wheori tino noa, me te huakita, kawea te kukū o autoantibodies complexes ārai ranei kei te roto e ine i te katoa ngā taumata o immunoglobulins me tau i roto i ngā akomanga rerekē (iga, IgG, IgM).

He nui i roto i te whakahaere tātaritanga o immunodeficiencies congenital āhua ki kohakore, i roto i tenei pūnaha te pūnaha ngä. I roto i te tahi atu te wā, hei tauira, i roto i pathologies autoimmune, raraunga nui i runga i nga wae ngä C4 me C3.

Tikanga, te mana ārai o te hononga pūtau tōtika pakari ki pirinoa, harore, ngā pūtau matepukupuku, mate intracellular. tauhohenga tiaki te kupu whakamana i roto i ngā pūtau lymphoid me pūnaha whakaratohia e T-lymphocytes. Ki te kătahi o te huānga ke ki te tinana, me T-pūtau te mōhio i te reira te whakahohe mā te tīmata i te tukanga, whai wāhi ki te whakangaromanga o te huānga ke. lymphocytes T etahi taupori ano kaha wawao me te pūnaha ārai humoral, te āwhina ki te whakaongaonga i te ariā o paturopi i te B-pūtau (pūtau kaiawhina T) pehanga o ratou hua (T-suppressors) ranei.