Vanadium (huānga matū): te hītori o te ingoa, te hanganga o te ngota, te honohono,

I roto i te āhuatanga matū mohiotia tēnei wā 115, he tokomaha riro tona ingoa i roto i te kororia o nga marohirohi o ngā kōrero Kariki, te atua. Etahi ka karanga hoki te ingoa o ngā kaihōpara me pūtaiao rongonui. i huaina etahi i runga i nga whenua, pa, āhuatanga matawhenua. Ngā ngā Ko te hītori o te ingoa o te pūmotu pērā i vanadium. Ae ko o iho, ko te tino nui tenei whakarewa me te he āhuatanga motuhake. Na reira, whakaaro tatou i te reira i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Vanadium - huānga matū i roto i te ripanga pūmotu

Ki te tohu tatou i te tūemi ki runga ki te āhuatanga i roto i te pūnaha wā, he reira taea ki te tautuhi i te maha o ngā matua.

1. Kei roto i te wā te wha nui, te rima te rōpū, te subgroups matua.
2. tau rangatū - 23.
3. Ko te papatipu ngota o te pūmotu - 50,9415.
4. Ko te tohu matū - V.
5. ingoa Latin - vanadium.
6. ingoa Russian - vanadium. Kei te pānui i huānga Chemical rite "vanadium" i roto i te tātai.
7. He he whakaaturanga whakarewa angamaheni whakaiti āhuatanga.

Ka whai i te tūranga o te āhuatanga i roto i te pūnaha, ko reira kitea e rite te huānga kaha taonga ohie āhuatanga rite ki te hunga o te tantalum me Niobium.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te ngota

Vanadium - huānga matū, hanganga ngota faaite nei i te E tātai whānui ³ 3d ² 4s. Oia mau, kia tika ki te whirihoranga taua me te āhua valency me hāora whakaatu uara Nä.

Tenei tātai taea ki matapae i te āhuatanga o te vanadium rite te taonga ohie - te whakarewa angamaheni hanga i te maha nui o pūhui rerekē, tae atu matatini.

valency āhuatanga me te āhua piti hāora

Nā ki te aroaro o ngā irahiko unpaired i runga i toru 3d taea whakaatu sublayer vanadium piti hāora kāwanatanga +3. Heoi, ehara i te mea te kotahi anake. I roto i te katoa i reira e wha uara taea:

• +2;
• 3;
• 4;
• 5.

I roto i tenei take, vanadium - he āhuatanga matū, te honohono, o nei hoki kua rua tohu: IV me V. ko tenei he aha pūhui i roto i te ngota hoatu tika whakaturia, a ka whai ratou katoa he peita tae ataahua. Rawa hunga mohiotia hoki te wai me te tote whakarewa complexes.

Vanadium: he huānga matū. History o te ingoa

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te hītori o te kitea o tenei whakarewa, he mea e tika ana ki te tirohia ki te timatanga o te rau tau XVIII. I roto i tenei wā, i roto i 1801, i taea e ki te kitea ana ngā āhuatanga unknown i roto i te mata o te kamaka, he tauira o i tirotiro ia Mexican Del Rio. I muri i te raupapa o ngā, riro del Rio etahi tai whakarewa tae nehenehe. hoatu ana e ia te reira i te ingoa "erythron", engari i muri ka mau ia mo te tote chromium, na te nikau i roto i te kuwaha e kore e riro.

I muri mai, i tetahi atu tangata whakao, te tōnapi Sefstrom, whakahaere ki te tiki i te whakarewa mā te tīpako i te reira i te ore rino. Tenei kēmihi ruarua e kore te huānga hou, me te unknown ko,. Na reira, ko reira te pionie o reira. Fakataha ki Jens Berzelius hoatu e ia te ingoa o te kitea o te huānga - vanadium.

He aha tenei? I roto i te pūrākau Norse, i reira he kotahi atua e ko te faahoho'araa o te aroha, te manawanui, mateakí mo e lī'oa. Ko ia te atua o te ataahua. ko tona ingoa Vanadis. Kia ako ngā āhuatanga kaimātai pūtaiao huānga o te pūhui i, ka reira tino kitea e he tino ataahua, tae ratou. He tāpiri whakarewa koranu tino whakapai ake ratou kounga me te kaha, me te pūmautanga. Na reira, i roto i te honore o te atua Vanadis, a ka hoatu a reira te ingoa o te konganuku rerekē, me te nui.

Vanadium - huānga matū i roto i te puka o te taonga ohie i whiwhi noa i muri mai. Anake i roto i te tau 1869 kua whakahaere te kēmihi Ingarangi H. Roscoe ki te poke i te maitai i roto i te puka noa o te kamaka. Kua tētahi atu pūtaiao F. Weller kua kï e te kitea del Rio "Konqueror" kotahi he vanadium. Heoi, e kore kua te Mexican ki tenei ra i ora, a kihai i kitea tona tūhura i roto i. ka haere mai te whakawhetai ki a G. I. Gessu te taitara huānga Russian.

pūhui vanadium Simple

Ka rite ki te taonga ohie i roto i te pātai ko te ngota whakarewa. E ia he maha o ngā āhuatanga ōkiko.

1. Tae: hiriwa-white, pīataata.
2. He pakarukaru, pakeke, taimaha, mai te kiato ko te 6.11 g / cm ^3.
3. ira whakakoero - 1920 ⁰ C, e taea ki reira ngā te konganuku whakangutungutu.
4. E kore e te rangi oxidize.

Ka rite ki i roto i te puka noa i roto i te natura, ki te whakatau i tona taea, ka whai te iwi ki te tutakina a ia i te ngā kohuke me toka.

Vanadium - huānga whakarewa, i whakaaturia e feunga nui tauhohenga ka wera, me i raro i etahi tikanga. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tikanga paerewa taiao, ko reira, e nehenehe o te tauhohe i anake ki waikawa takiwa, aqua regia.

Ki etahi nonmetals mahia pūhui ā-rua, ngā tauhohenga puta i pāmahana teitei. Ko te wairewa whakarewa alkali, hanga complexes - vanadates. Hāora ko te kaihoko oxidizing kaha wairewa i roto i vanadium, me te nui te teitei te pāmahana whakawera o te ranunga.

Te riroraa i roto i te āhua me te kanoirite

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te horapa o te ngota i te natura, vanadium - he āhuatanga matū, e pā ana ki te ngaro-whakaaro. Ko ia he mema o toka tata nui katoa, tokahuke me ngā kohuke. Otiia wahi e kore te mea neke atu i te 2%.

Ko te ihirangi i roto i te kirinuku tino me ko te 1.9 * 10 ^-7. Hoki tenei tohu, ko reira mua o parahi, konutea me te mata. e kore e whakarewa toka Own te hanga i, Heoi, i reira e rave rahi mara e kua whakaaro he vanadium. te rino i roto i roto i ratou i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe o e kua whakaurua ngota vanadium i roto i te nui.

Ko te he kamaka taua, pērā i:

• vanadinite;
• cartridges;
• carnotite;
• Chile.

Ka taea hoki e koe te whakatau i te konganuku i roto i te hanganga:

• tipu pungarehu;
• wai moana;
• squirts moana Teremera, kukama moana;
• rauropi, ngā tipu me ngā kararehe whenua.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te kanoirite o vanadium, e anake tokorua o ratou: he tokomaha papatipu o 51, o nei e te nuinga - 99,77%, me te tau papatipu o 50, marara nei te iraruke me puta i roto i moni wahi.

pūhui vanadium

Kua kua faaite matou i roto i taua, rite he huānga matū i roto i te whakarewa whakaatu rawaka mahi ki te whakaputa i te maha nui o pūhui rerekē. Ko te kupu, nga momo e whai ake nei o matū mohiotia ki vanadium.

1. Waikura.
2. Waihā.
3. tai-rua (te pūhau, fluorides, bromides, sulfides, iodides).
4. pūhui Hydroxy (oxychlorides oxybromide, oksitriftoridy me ētahi atu).
5. tai Matatini.

Mai rerekē te honohono, o te huānga whānui, ka whiwhi te rota o matū te. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te katoa o ratou - ko te tae. Vanadium - he tātaritanga huānga matū e pūhui whakaaturanga e taea te tae ngā i ma, me te kowhai ki whero me te puru, tae atu atarangi o matomato, karaka, pango me te papura. Ko tetahi wahi, ko te take i i homai te ingoa o te ngota, no te mea te reira tino titiro tino pai tenei.

Heoi, he tokomaha o nga pūhui e whiwhi anake i raro i ngā āhuatanga tauhohe kaua pākaha. I tua atu, i te nuinga o ratou - paitini, kino ki te tangata. Ka taea e matū kāwanatanga tinana kia tino rerekē. Hei tauira, te pūhau, bromides me fluorides - maha māwhero pouri, matomato, tioata mangu ranei. He waikura - i roto i te puka o puehu.

Te faaineineraa, me te whakamahi o te whakarewa

Rite vanadium, wehe i te reira i te toka, me te tokahuke. A ki te hunga kohuke kei roto ara 1% o te whakarewa, whakaaro kia tino taonga i roto i te vanadium. I muri i te wehenga o te ranunga tauira o te rino, me te vanadium te whakawhiti reira ki te wairewa ero. Mai i tenei i tawhiti e acidification o konutai vanadate, i nei muri whiwhi he tauira tino takiwa, ki te ihirangi whakarewa o runga ki te 90%.

Na, calcined tenei hohenga maroke i roto i te oumu, a heke vanadium te ki te āhua konganuku. I roto i tenei puka he rite hoki te whakamahi i te rauemi.

Vanadium - he āhuatanga matū e te tika whānuitia whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi. Rawa i roto i pūkaha me te tango, o alloys maitai. Ka taea e koe te tautuhi te maha ngā wāhi matua o te whakamahi o te whakarewa.

1. ahumahi pueru.
2. Glassmaking.
3. Hanga o okouku me rapa.
4. Peita me te ahumahi wanihi.
5. Takanga me te kōtuitui anō matū (ngāwhā production).
6. Production o reactors karihi.
7. Aviation me te pahi, te engineering aunoa.

Vanadium - he wāhanga alloying rawa nui mo te hanga o te marama, kaha, te waikura alloys ātete, maitai te nuinga. No miharo huaina ai ko te "maitai ara."