Waehere Trigeminal me wae mahi o te waehere ira

Ko te tangata tuatahi o tenei ao, ko te pea ki te whai iti rawa te ora. aronga whanaketanga katoa ora haere ki roa ai te ora o te kaiao mo te urutaunga angitu ki te tikanga taiao, te huarahi whanaketanga o urutaunga me te taea o te tuku o te wheako whakatupuranga muri. Waihanga rāpoi organic rite ki te mahere kua whakaaetia te ora i runga i te whenua ki te riro i te tunga me te timata ki te whanaketanga angitu. Ko te tikanga o te rokiroki kopu, me te tuku o te mōhiohio ā-ira puta ki te pūnaha o te waehere ira, te wahi i te wāhanga matua - he wae mahi o te waehere ira.

Ko te pono mārika pokapū o te koiora rāpoi

Whakapapa - ko te wāhanga matua o te tonu koiora o te ora. Kua hanga Nature huarahi tuku me te uri o te mōhiohio ā-ira mā te whakawaehere te pūmua i roto i te hanganga mekameka waikawa karihi. Functions o waikawa karihi (DNA me te RNA) - te rokiroki mōhiohio me te whakawhiti i te reira ki te hanganga o te pūmua. A pūmua e tauhohe pūkoro kawea faaiteraa tohuāhua o tenei raraunga. Ko te waehere ira - kopu rārangi rokiroki mōhiohio i runga i te hanganga pūmua mā te tuhi ona te demoni o nucleotides i roto i te mekameka waikawa karihi. Ko te kōwae mahi iti rawa o te waehere ira e kei roto ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te wae hanganga iti o pūmua - he triplet o nucleotides i roto i te DNA RNA ranei mekameka. te tuku mōhiohio i te DNA ki mRNA me te mRNA i te tahi atu rāpoi RNA me te pūmua.

pūnaha waehere Universal

I runga i te māramatanga o te waehere ira i roto i te pūtaiao ka mau reira he rau, me tona roha - noa te tekau tau. Mai te whakataki o te ariā o te hanganga o te helix rua DNA (1953, Watson ko Crick) haere mai ki te matau ia tūranga rite te rauemi tuku, ka anga ka rapu hoki nga pukapuka o te tātai reta, e kua oti te tuhituhi i runga i tona mōhiohio. Ko te whakaaro e te wae mahi o te waehere ira, e kore i taea e tetahi nucleotide i kotahi tu fakaangá. Whā nucleotide tautoko (adein, guanine, cytosine me thymine) i taea e DNA whakawaehere pūmua o 21 waikawa amino. Mathematicians, Kei te mātātoa te whai wāhi i physicists me ōmataora i roto i te rapu mo te pūnaha whakawaehere me hohoro kitea e te waikawa amino kotahi Tapa raupapa o toru nucleotides. Ko te kupu, ko te wae mahi o te waehere ira - ko te triplet o nucleotides, haepapa hoki te kōtuitui o te waikawa pūmua amino. Te demoni (codons) o 64, o nei 61 - tenei codons tikanga (whakawaehere waikawa amino), me te toe 3 - horihori. e kore ratou e kawe ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te waikawa amino, a ka mahi i rite te mutu codon i kōkiri whakaoti i te ariā o te muingota o te pūmua ranei.

Triplet - he wae mahi o te waehere ira

ngā Biopolymer rāpoi ngota waikawa karihi o waetahi - nucleotides. Ko te hunga, i roto i te tahuri, te hanga i tētahi DNA tonu ki te i tuku i te mōhiohio tukanga tuhinga e ki te mRNA i runga ki te anga pānui, te wahi i te uara waehere iti kua he triplet o nucleotides - t. neke unidirectionally anga pānui, a ka kua te waehere ira mārama me te hope'ao te ino o te unambiguity (hapanga).

Pointedness me te ahurei

Ko unambiguous mōhiohio triplet, i.e. kore ko variably te ōwehenga o te 1 waikawa t -1 amino. Ka taea te whakawaeheretia amino waikawa me te maha o te demoni oia, engari te triplet motuhake - he waikawa ngā amino. Kei te whakahaua pānui anga tonu i roto i te ahunga kotahi, a ka he tika ki te aroaro o te demoni oia tenei, tīmata lau me te whakaoti i te reira. pupuri ana tenei te pūmautanga o te hanganga pūmua. Ko tētahi atu taonga o te demoni oia - disjointness. Tenei te tikanga e te nucleotide ko tika wahi o nga te demoni, engari tika anake kotahi.

Ko te hapanga tūturu

Ko te hope'ao te ino o te (hapanga) o te waehere ira - ko te taha haumaru o te rauropi tenei. tiaki ia pūtau ki te pānga ino o irakētanga. Ia kōwae mahi o te waehere ira kia amohia e whakauru 1, 2 me te 3 nucleotides i roto i te triplet. Ko te kupu, 9 o whakaurunga tū i ia monoraa i triplet nucleotide i ia 4-1 = 3 taea ahua, me rite ki te hua whiwhi tatou i te 61 i te 9 = 549 rerekē whakakapi nucleotides i roto i te triplet. Ko nui atu atu he tika ki te whakawaehere te waikawa amino 21 tenei. Tenei pereizbytochnost hope'ao te ino ranei, a ngā te oraraa koiora o te ora, me te whakaiti ki te iti o ngā hapa ka pānui i te mōhiohio iranga.

Codon he triplet ranei?

I roto i te tuhinga, he triplet o nucleotides, rite te kongahu mahi i huaina he triplet codon ranei. He aha te mea te rerekētanga me ranei reira? Ko te wā "codon" whakamahia i roto i te tukanga tika o te translation - whakawhiti mōhiohio i RNA ki te muingota o te pūmua. Ko te wā "triplet" whakamahia i roto i te horopaki pū whānui, ka whakaahua i te kōrero pānui anga ki e rua RNA me DNA.