Waiwaro - he ... waiwaro kukū. akomanga waiwaro

Tenei rōpū o matū ngā hinu me te mewaro, kapuni. He nui to ratou momo. Tenei, o te akoranga, e pā ana ki waiwaro. Ko tetahi e rua o te noa tino me te tino rapu i muri i matū tangata. He aha ta ratou tohu? He utu te haamana'oraa i te reira, i rite korerotia i roto i te matū kōeke 9.

waiwaro

Tenei piha o rauemi fakatahai te momo o pūhui, te nuinga o nei kua roa kua pai whakamahia hoki ratou ake take i te tangata. Ko e tika ana ki te meka tenei e he waro tino ngāwari ki te hanga i here matū, i roto i ngā hauwai, a reira i reira ko te momo taua. Te kore reira, e kia ora e taea i roto i te puka i roto i nei e matau tatou i te reira.

Waiwaro - he taonga arā, o rua huānga waro me te hauwai. Ka taea e ratou rāpoi e rārangi kore anake engari branched ano me te puka katia koropiko.

whakarōpū

Carbon hanga wha here, me te hauwai - kotahi. Otiia e kore e tenei tikanga e ratou ōwehenga ko nga wa katoa 1 ki te 4. Ko te meka ko e waenganui i te ngota waro kia kore anake kotahi, engari ano here rua, me te, takitoru. E ai ki tenei paearu wehewehe akomanga o waiwaro. I roto i te take tuatahi e huaina enei matū rohe (waiwaro tahi ranei), me te tuarua - hamanga hamanga ranei (waiwaro rua, me alkynes mō te rua me te toru hononga aua).

Tētahi atu whakarōpū whakarato mo te whakaaro o te rāpoi ngota. I roto i tenei take wehewehe waiwaro memeka, e he hanganga rārangi, me carbocyclic, he taiawhio kati. E wehea ēnei i roto i te tahuri ki te alicyclic me kakara.

I tua atu, kei te maha i raro waiwaro ki polymerization - tukanga o tāpiritanga o rāpoi ōrite ki tahi i te tahi. Ko te hua ko te rauemi tino hou, pērā i te turanga. He tauira ko te polyethylene whiwhi i ethylene noa. Ko te taea anake tenei ka tae mai te reira ki waiwaro hamanga.

Hanganga, e no hoki ki te piha haapiiraa o hamanga, kei te whakamahi i ratou Radicals free tāpiri me ngota hou atu atu i hauwai. I roto i tenei take, i te whiwhi i ētahi atu matū organic: waiwaihā, amines, ketones, hākawa, pūmua, etc. Ko te mea tino kaupapa motuhake i roto i te matū ...

tauira

Waiwaro - he momo nui o matū, tae noa tango ki pūkete te whakarōpū. Tonu, he mea utu whakarārangi poto nga ingoa o pūhui ngā i roto i tenei piha nui.

1. waiwaro kukū - he mewaro, ewaro, pōwaro, pūwaro, pēwaro, hexane, hewaro, etc. te taitara tuatahi, me te tuatoru kia waia, ara te hunga e kore e tino hoa ki te matū e ... Na ka karanga momo tino noa o hau.
2. Ko te waiwaro rua (olefins) piha ngā ewaro (ethylene), pōwaro (propylene), rua pūwaro, pēwaro, hexene me te rite. D.
3. Ki te alkynes he toru ewaro (acetylene), pōwaro, toru pūwaro, pēwaro, hexyne, a na i runga i. D.
4. Ratau, kia kotahi nga here rua, me te, takitoru. I roto i tenei take, taua hanganga he alkadienyl me alkadiinam. Otiia e kore e rawa nui ruku hōhonu.
5. Ko waiwaro, kua katia te hanganga o nei, hoki to ratou o ratou ake ingoa: cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes me cycloalkynes.
6. Ingoa Tuatahi: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, te huriowaro, etc ...
7. I roto i te piha haapiiraa tuarua ngā cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene me te rite. D.
8. I te pae hopea cycloalkynes, kore-ka puta noa. ngana matou ki te synthesize ratou mo te wa roa, me te mo te wa roa, a ko reira anake i te timatanga o te rau tau XX. rāpoi Cycloalkynyl ngā o te iti rawa 8 ngota waro. Ki te nui iti o te pūhui iu noa no te mea o rawa nui te ahotea.
9. He ao (waiwaro kakara), te māmā me te nuinga noa o e he māngai o te benzene. i roto i tenei piha hoki ngā naphthalene, tuwhera, thiophene, indole, a na i runga i. D.

āhuatanga

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te waiwaro - he maha nui o ngā matū rerekē. Na reira, ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te mea ahua ke to ratou taonga noa, e kore te mea taua ko reira.

Ka taea te whakaaro te taua āhuatanga i roto i te waiwaro katoa te kore te hanganga. Na hoki te meka e i te timatanga o ia rarangi, kia rite ki te maha o ngā ngota waro, te whakawhitinga i te puka haurehu waihā me te wai ki te totoka.

Tera atu ano tetahi faitatau: waiwaro katoa i flammability pai. I roto i tenei take, he rota o te wera, whakaputaina te hauhā me te wai.

puna māori

Ka rite ki te tahi atu kohuke, te tahi mau waiwaro i te puka o putunga me rahui i roto i te kirinuku. I roto i ngā, Kei roto ratou i te nuinga o te hinu, me te hau. Kei te mārama kitea tenei i roto i te tukatuka o te whakamutunga: i roto i kaituku te tukanga moni nui o matū, te nuinga o nei pā āta ki waiwaro. Gas kau ano ki 80-97% te nuinga uru o te mewaro. I tua atu, hua mewaro te i roto i te whāwehe o ururua waro me toenga, na e kore e tona faaineineraa whakaatu i te raruraru nui.

Ētahi atu puna waiwaro - taiwhanga. Ko te hunga matū kore e nei i puta i roto i te natura, e taea te rite i te tahi atu pūhui i roto i te tauhohe matū.

te whakamahi o

Waiwaro tākaro he wāhi nui i roto i te ora hou o te taata. Kua riro te hinu, me te hau he rauemi rawa nui, mai te mahi ratou rite wahie, me te pūngao. Otiia e kore e he anake nga tikanga o te whakamahi i pūhui i tenei piha tenei. Waiwaro - mooni mea katoa e karapoti iwi i roto i te ora ia rā. Ki te polymerization i taea ki te whiwhi rauemi hou o te hanganga mo te ngā momo o kirihou, papanga, me ētahi atu karahīni, whakarewa, peita, me ngā hua wanihi, sperm, uku, uku, uku, a kore ngā e tatau nga hua parakore nui - .. O penehīni me te diesel wahie.

He nui te uara o enei rauemi. Ka rite ki waiwaro hamanga, ka kukū - rau me nga mano o nga mea ki i whakamahia te katoa te ki a kore e taea te mahi i waho ratou i roto i te māmā o ngā āhuatanga. Tino uaua ki te paopao ki to ratou whakamahi, ara tango ki pūkete te meka e te hinu , me te hau rere ki waho rite kaitätari matapae. Kua, kua e fa'ahinga kua he rapu kaha mo puna pūngao kē, heoi kihai i tetahi o nga kōwhiringa ano faaite te taua kakama me te ringa rehe rite waiwaro.