Wechsler whakamatautau hoki ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke: te tikanga. Wechsler Pakeke Intelligence Tauine: putanga o ngā tamariki (mo kōhungahunga)

Nice ki te kōrero ki te tangata mahara e taea te tautoko i tetahi kaupapa, i roto i te wa ki te hanga i te kata, me te riro nui. mea taua iwi i ratou i te taumata tiketike o te maramarama. He aha te mea tenei ariā me aha ona taumata e?

IQ - he aha te mea te reira?

āhuatanga Intelligence te rite te tetahi te kounga o te konä tangata, e taea ana ki te urutau reira ki te rerekē haere tikanga o te ora. Reira i takoto hoki i roto i te kaha ki te ako hou te tahi mea, matau, a ka tono ratou mōhiotanga me te wheako. Taumata o te maramarama - ko reira he tetahi ōwehenga, ka whakaatuhia hei aromatawai ine o te kaha o te tangata ki te urutau ki tikanga ora hou.

Wechsler Pakeke Intelligence Tauine

kua noho whakatau i o te taumata o te maramarama maha mataotao, engari ngā rongonui i roto i nga tau tata nei i te tauine o te Wechsler. Whakawhanakehia i roto i 1939, taea reira ki a koe te tautuhi i te āhuatanga o mahara tamaiti āhuatanga me te pakeke i roto i te whānui i toru ki te whitu tekau-wha tau. hāngai ana whakamātautau Wechsler e i runga i te tauira aroākapa o hinengaro, he waha, me te mahi (kore-waha) maramarama te tihi o nei.

Ko te hītori o takanga o nga paearu mō te whakatau retardation hinengaro i roto i te whakamātautau

I te tau 1939 ka puta te putanga tuatahi o te unahi - Bellevue, te wahi i te "Bellevue" - te ingoa o te whare hauora. whakaarohia Wexler hangaia whakamātautau i ki te tātari ngā āheinga hinengaro o te iwi i whitu nga tau ki te 69 tau o te tau. whakahē hāngai D. Wexler i te wa nga whakamātautau, te matua o i ko te whakamātautau Stanford-Binet. whakaaro ia kāore ratou mo rangahau o kāwai pakeke o te iwi, ka rite ki to ratou he arotahi nui-tere, i te mea uaua mo te ruhiruhia. Hoki i reira ko te whakamātautau tae ngā mahi tahito e hāngai atu i te tau o ngā tamariki.

ona āhuatanga

He āhuatanga āhuatanga o tenei tikanga o whakamātautau ko te kaha ki te taupoki ana i te whānuitanga nui o tau, a ka wehe i te whakamātautau Wechsler - putanga o tamariki, e homai he whakamārama motuhake o te potentialities hinengaro o te tamaiti, me te tāutu i ngā tauira o te whanaketanga o te maramarama. Ano, kua oti te tuhituhi te hua whiwhi i roto i te whakamātautau psychiatrists mō te tātaritanga tika.

He aha e nga whakarerekētanga o tenei tikanga?

hanga Wexler nga subtests uniana i runga i te ihirangi me te taumata o te uaua. He IQ hinengaro tukuna ki tau.

WB (Wechsler-Bellevue Pakeke Intelligence Tauine) - kaua, ko reira te tauine hinengaro mō ngā pakeke. i waiho i raro ia ki rua Fakatonutonu. Ka rite ki te hua, i te 1949, ka kite matou i te marama o Wechsler Pakeke Intelligence Tauine WAIS, arā te Wechsler Pakeke Intelligence Tauine. Kua kē kua reira tikanga paerewa, tohaina nei rite ki te ira tangata me te tau. O enei, i tūhuratia 1700 tau 16 ki te 64 tau, me 475 - 60 tau, me te runga ake. e te Waeine ki pūkete te tau e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i te mana ngaio, me te mātauranga. Kei te hangaia te awhe katoa mo te whānuitanga o kotahi tekau ki te ono tekau tau. subtests paearu Main - ko:

• wae ine nui ki ētahi atu whakamātautau;
• rerekētanga i roto i te taumahinga, e faaore te pānga o etahi pūkenga motuhake kore o ratou ranei;
• te taea o etahi whakatau rite ki nga hua o te whakamātautau.

I teie mahana, i reira e toru ngā momo o tātaritanga: WAIS test (pakeke i te 16 ki te 64 tau), Wisc (tamariki me ngā taiohi 6,5-16,5 tau) me WPPSI (tamariki 4-6.5 tau). Hoki te urutaunga o te Russian Federation haere te rua tuatahi anake: WAIS me Wisc.

whakamātautau poraka

I roto i tenei tikanga ngā rua poraka:

• waha arā, o 6 subtests;
• kori ā - 5 subtests.

I roto i te poraka tuatahi te uiui whānui mātau (mōhiotanga) hāpainga (mahino), tauhanga, te ōrite (ōrite) tukurua papakupu mati. He tuku kore-waha ki te rangahau i roto i te mara o ngā wāhanga ngaro, nga whakapakoko ngā, te whakamahi poraka o Kos, āhua takai, te whakamahi whakamunatanga. Kua whakarārangitia ngā mahi katoa i roto i te tikanga o te whakanui ake i whīwhiwhi i te taumata ki te taumata. E te whakamātautau wa e kotahi haora i runga i te paroita, me tetahi atu - mo te tukatuka o nga hua. I roto i te mau ana i roto i tango ki pūkete te kāwai tau, kia rite ki reira he he Wechsler motuhake whakamātautau - putanga o ngā tamariki, me te motuhake - mō ngā pakeke.

He aha te tangohia ki pūkete i roto i nga hua o te whakamātautau?

Hei whakarāpopoto i te hua ko te tika e toru ngā taumata o te tukatuka, me te whakamārama i te hua. taumata Tuatahi - he tātaritanga o te tohu katoa, maramarama-waha, me te kori ā. Ko te tuarua - te hua ako i te tātaitanga o te auau e tika ana, te kōtaha tata o ngā mahi oti. Ko te taahiraa toru ko te tikanga o te kōtaha takitahi ki te whanonga paroita i roto i te rangahau, me ētahi atu raraunga tātaritanga. Waihoki tukinotia Wechsler pakeke whakamātautau mō kōhungahunga, te tātari i te hua o te mahi.

Mā te whakamahi i te putanga matarohia ki te whakaputa i te hua, te tohunga Tātaitia te tuatahi "mākū" aromatawai o ia ako. Na ka whakarāpopoto tata ia i te papa e hāngai ki te tohutohu, whakawhiti i te reira ki te paerewa, me te whakaatu i te kōtaha. takai aro mātai kōrero, me te kore-waha me motuhake a ka whakatau i te tawhā, e hāngai ana i runga i nga papa IQ whānui.

Whakaahuatanga o te Wechsler pikitia tikanga

Ko te tikanga ngā tauine kōrero, me te kore-waha. Ko te rōpū tuatahi ngā taua tohu:

1. mōhiotanga whānui Tauine o pātai ngā o 29 mahi e hiahia ana ki te kia whakahoki. Ko te tātaritanga o te taumata o te matauranga o ohie, kahore whakangungu ariā motuhake tenei. Ko te tika - kotahi ira, kahore e whakautu he ngā.

2. Tauine o te matauranga kei roto 14 mahi pū kīanga ako kawenga me te whakaaroaro. Whakatau tata o te taumata o te tika - i te kore ki te rua ngā.

Kei 3. Arithmetic o ngā mahi 14 i te akoranga o te pūtaiao tauhanga mātauranga pūmotu. whakamātautau Oral, kei hea he nui motuhake tiaki, kei te whakahaere i te rangahau. titiro ia ki te humarie o raraunga whakahaere me te wā wā.

4. Kimihia te ōrite o ngā - 13 mahi ki te tāutu i ngā kāwai whānui o ngā. Ko tēnei wāhanga he conceptuality nui. Whakatau tata i te kore ki te rua.

5. Kia mahara mati - raupapa 3-9 mati (Whakarongo me waha faahiti) me 2-8 mati, e whakaputa uri i roto i te raupapa whakamuri.

tito 6. Vocabulary te o 42 ariā. I roto i tenei ako te wheako-waha, te ariā, whai kiko ana. E mau tekau kupu i roto i tēnei wāhanga i te reo ia rā o te kōrero, e rua tekau - he taumata toharite o whīwhiwhi, 12 o ratou - te ariā waitara me ariā. E whai wāhi ana tata i te kore ki te rua ia kōwhiringa.

Wechsler whakamātautau pakeke - putanga o aromatawai ite kori ā. ngā reira 5 kaupae:

1. raraunga Pūāhua (whakamunatanga) - 100 mati mō te 1.5 meneti.
2. whakairoiro Top - wahi 21 (20 meneti).
3. Papatupu Cossa (40 poraka) - te kohi o poraka tuhi.
4. Ōritetanga - 8 kāri raupapa.
5. Kohinga o ngā i te whika - 4 mahi.

Tirohia hua o te maramarama i runga i tenei tikanga, kia rite ki te whakamātautau Wechsler mō ngā tamariki, tei reira ki runga i te ahurea whānui o te tamaiti, a i hanga i tona mahi kura. mahia angitu o ngā mahi e pā ana ki te taumata o te IQ whānui, engari whakaritea ano hoki e te iranga. Mai i tenei whai reira e ka whakatau i te auau o te rironga o ngā pūkenga kōrero, me te mōhiotanga tona angitu me te taumata o te mātauranga.

Whakamārama o ngā hua

Ko te wāhi tino ngā i roto i tetahi whakamātautau ko te hua wetemunatanga. E pā ana tēnei ki ngā tikanga katoa, no te mea ki te tangata hiahia mohio he aha i pau ia kia nui te wā me te e he ake te reira i roto i te anga o te kaupapa i tīpakohia.

Ko tā hoki Wechsler maramarama whakamātautau he tetahi hua hurihurihanga. E whakaaro ana tēnei āhuatanga o te whanaketanga hinengaro i roto i te awhe e whai ake nei:

• Neke atu i te IQ tiketike - piro 130.
• High - 120-129.
• Pai - 110-119.
• Waenganui - 90-109.
• Kino - 80-89.
• rohe rohe - 70-79.
• Iti (waimaero hinengaro) - ki runga ki te 69.

Āhuatanga putanga o te whakamātautau o ngā tamariki

tauine tātaritanga mō te kura-tau tamariki (6,5-16,5 tau) ngā tekau ma rua subtests e hāngai ana te WAIS, engari ki te whakataki o mama me te ake rite te momo o ngā mahi me subtests "poroiwi".

He rerekē i roto i taua "matauranga" Wechsler whakamātautau mō kōhungahunga e whakakapi e "tau te haamana'oraa" me "Labyrinth" - i roto i te "Tapa". I roto i te whakamātautau,-waha, me te kori ā wahi kē i roto i te tikanga e taea ngāwari te tamaiti whakawhenumi te mahi, a mahi ratou. Hei tātai i te IQ kore e tangohia rangahau atu ki pūkete.

Subtest "Labyrinth" ngā o ngā mahi e āta whakanui i te uaua o te mahi. Hoki whakarato tenei tetahi wa (kitea i roto i), na te hapa tātai.

I te 1967 ka kite ia i te putanga WPPSI marama, arā, o te 11 iti-whakamātautau, tetahi o nei - te āpiti. Waru o ratou e ono tekau, me kua taunga ki te Wisc, me te tahi atu e toru - tino hou. Tātarihia te rite ki tenei tikanga e taea te kawea i roto i roto i rua ngā wāhanga.

wae-waha ngā: mātau, ngā kupu, kaha tauhanga, rite, mōhiotanga me te tono.

I roto i tenei whakamātautau i te whakarerekētanga tauine he: hoki he whare kararehe, runga whakairoiro, labyrinths, poraka ara iahiko āhuahanga hanga - papatupu Kossa.

"Tono" i whakakapi e "tamau pūāhua" i roto i tenei poraka, kua tangohia nei e i te Wisc, ratou rānei whakakapi i tetahi whakamātautau-waha, ranei whakamahia wehe.

tangohia Subtest "mōkai whare" Kei te utu o "whakamunatanga" o te Wisc me ngā o ngā kāri ki te pikitia o te kuri, heihei, ika me te ngeru. e te tamaiti whare i roto i runga i te kī.

Ko tōna tikanga

A, no te haamata i te hōkai hinengaro o te whakamātautau tamariki tukanga ako i muri anake i te hihiri o te paroita. Na tamariki anake Wechsler whakaatu whakamātautau hua tūturu. he tika ki te ngana ki te whakaturia ake tetahi tamaiti pai reira, mā te whakamahi i te ataata, me te hanga i te huru pai.

e kore e te tamaiti ite rite te whakamātautau. Me Entrance ki te whakamātautau ki te waiho i roto i te ara ngahau. whakatakoto pātai hei whakahua mārama, me te tika. whakautu katoa, ki te kahore rite hangai kino, kia whakatenatena. whakautu Kāore mimiti, a ka ki te puku, kia whakatenatena mātanga tamaiti ia ki te pūkete. E te mahi i muri e kore e haere noa te tiki matou te kupu whakahoki ki te tetahi o mua. A, no te ki te ngā whakahēnga e tika ana te whiriwhiri i te tika ārahi pātai "pehea?". He kotiti pātai atu i roto i tenei take, mai hoatu e ratou nga tamariki i roto i te āhuatanga uaua.

Pea me tenei kōwhiringa, ka mahi i te tamaiti he mahi hē. Na kia hanga i te kaimātai hinengaro whakamātautau puta reira rite ki te kahore ia i ite i te reira, a ka whakahere tō tamaiti ki te mahi i te feruri i te whakahoki ki te pātai i muri. I muri i te angitu i roto i te whakautu a te kaupapa whakamātautau i muri fokotuu ki te haere hoki ki te pātai o mua.

Huarahi ki te iwi taitamariki i raro i te tau o te 16 tau, ka ratou haere whakamatautau te tamaiti Wechsler pakeke ko tino ōrite, me whakatikatika iti tau mo.

Tikanga o ngā tohu kore-waha o putanga o te whakamātautau o ngā tamariki

IQ (Wechsler whakamātautau) tātarihia te whakamahi i te tau whakarea. He mea nui ki te whakarongo motuhake ki te whakapai ake i te wāhanga kore-waha o te tamaiti. He maha kaipūtaiao whakapono e mea aano i roto i hōkai tātaritanga kori ā.

Me mōhio e te hua o te whakamātautau i roto i te tamarikitanga ai tino huri ka huri tikanga ora, te mātauranga me te mātauranga te tamaiti. e kore e taea ki te whakaatu tino maramarama o te takitahi, no te mea e kore e tango i te reira ki pūkete nga āhuatanga hihiri o te whanaketanga o ngā kaha hinengaro te tikanga tātauira. Fair ki te mea e te IQ tiketike - e kore te reira i te poto. Reira i tupu pinepine e te iwi o te maramarama tiketike e kitea ki te hapori, me te toharite - hanga angitu ngaio nui. Ko te meka e tei angitu i runga i te maramarama motuhake, taketake o whakaaro, nga ope e tohe ki ngā whāinga, me te tahi atu mea. E kore e taea e koe te hua'tu mea i te mutunga o te whakamātautau i runga i te pūmanawa hinengaro, te whanaketanga o te rohe tamaiti. Ko Kāore i te wāhi morare o te tirohanga tenei.

Ko te tika o te whakaahuatanga o te hua o te whakamātautau

Ko reira hoki tenei take, i titau te kaimātai hinengaro etahi whenu i te whakaahuatanga o te hua, e whakaatu ana i te taumata hinengaro iti. presupposes Wechsler whakamātautau tikanga te oraraa o rerekē tikanga tuku katoa. No te haere mai te reira i te wa ki te kauwhau me rave i te reira i te hua o te tohunga, kahore he tohu o te taumata iti o te maramarama, hoatu tumanako ki te tangata tohutohu ia kahore ka tu i reira, ki te whakawhanake atu.