Whaiaroaro - he aha te mea te reira? History me te whaiaroaro taketake

I roto i nga manga o te koiora me te rongoā e pā ana ki te ako o te tinana tangata, noho reira he whaiaroaro wahi motuhake. He aha te mea te pūnaha whaiaroaro, e te mau parau tumu mahi reira me te kawenga mō te aha - whakawakia enei pātai i pūtaiao rongonui: I. P. Pavlovym, P. K. Anohinym, I. M. Sechenovym. I roto i to tatou mahi, whakaaro tatou nga wāhanga o te whanaketanga me te hanganga o te whaiaroaro. Next, he titiro i te wāhi o ako te tukanga pūkoro te tinana tangata e kore anake, engari ano hoki nga kararehe, me ngā tipu. hoatu hoki tauira ki te tautoko i faufaa mahi o te pūtaiao o ngā pūnaha o ngā mahi o whēkau me ngā pūtau o te tinana tangata mo te whanaketanga o te rongoā, me te tiaki hauora.

History o whaiaroaro

Ko tētahi o nga kairangahau tuatahi ki te ako i ngā āhuatanga o te utu o matū o te tangata, ko te kaiwhakarewa o te rongoā - Hipokeletisí. rata English Harvey, e noho i roto i te rau tau 17, whakatūria te parau tumu o te kaupapa o te toto i roto i te pūnaha kati o oko toto, a whakatuwheratia te tohanga nahanaha. kawea ahupūngao Italian me pūtaiao L. Galvani i ngā, ki te kitea i roto i te āhua o ponana karere, a whakatakotoria ana nga turanga o Neurophysiology. Tenei peka o te pūtaiao i muri whakawhanakehia whakawhetai ki te mahi M. I. Sechenova, V. M. Behtereva, P. K. Anohina. Nui te whai ki te ako o nga mahi pūnaha romahā whai Utaina: Lavoisier ko J. Priestley.

wahi whaiaroaro i roto i te pūnaha pekanga koiora

Ma te haapii i te mau faaiteraa ora e kore anake o ngā pūtau, okana me te kopa, engari ano hoki te tinana tangata katoa hei pūnaha koiora tuwhera, piri taketake whaiaroaro te aropā motuhake - tono - manga o te koiora. Ko ētahi o ēnei mataora, cytology me histology. hamani ratou tauhohenga pūkoro tinana i te taumata rāpoi, pūtau me te kiko. embriology aru Genet ako uri mahi me te tuku o ngā āhuatanga tuku. Na rawa, ko te nui tino ko te hononga i waenganui i Pātukitukinga me anatomy, kahore nei e kore e taea ki te whakatika i te whakamāramatanga o te tukanga tango wahi i roto i ia o nga pūnaha mahi: ko te io, endocrine, reretoto, etc ...

Takoha o te ako I. P. Pavlova o o tukanga kūnatunga

Ko te whakamāramatanga pūtaiao o te mea whaiaroaro, e taea te whakarāpopoto e whai ake: ko reira he pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te mahi ora o ngā pūnaha katoa i roto i te tinana. tauhohe matüora e puta i roto i te wahi kūnatu tangata, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te huarahi e whakahaere a ratou, Kua oti tāutuhia e te rongonui pūtaiao I. Russian P. Pavlovym. Kua awhinatia tona fistula technique iriti i te mea ngaro o repe duodenal. Kua hoki i tāuta te reira i ngā wāhanga o te nakunaku i roto i te kopu, a ako te hanganga matū o wai pekitīlia, tu i ara i mua i whiwhi i te chyme ki te kōhao tinana. ka te reira mārama e te whaiaroaro taua o nakunaku.

Ngā mihi ki tona ahurei i roto i to ratou ngā mahi pū i runga i te kararehe, te aroaro pūtaiao he pikitia haumanu oti o te mahi o nga repe salivary, ate, puku. whākōkī waihanga takiekina ratou pūtau secretory e te pokapū excitation reflexes unconditioned i roto i te kakau roro.

whakakitea ano te pūtaiao huarahi neuro-humoral o ture o nakunaku, no te nei i roto i 1904 i whakawhiwhia te Nobel. i tino hira ki te whakahoki i te pātai Rangahau I. P. Pavlova "He aha te mea he whaiaroaro tangata, me te mea ko tona tūranga o pekanga koiora o te pūnaha?".

Ko te hiranga mahi o te mahi I. M. Sechenova

mahi tonu whakatuwheratanga ngingila o nga kaiwhakatū o te inhibition i roto i te pūnaha pokapū io Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova rite te pūtake ariā mō te ako o te tukanga o te whakaaro, mahara, kupu. tāia Scientific matua reflexes tohutohu roro rangahau ka takoto te aroaro i roto i te thalamus diencephalon pokapū wahia rohe. E ai ki nga whakaaro I. M. Sechenova, kïia e tūranga i roto i te tukanga o te irradiation o tukanga inhibitory te mahi rāpoi motuhake - neurotransmitters, synthesized i roto i te tinana, me te kohikohi i roto i te wē toto.

Scientist tetahi o te tuatahi i hoatu e te whakamāramatanga o te mea te whaiaroaro o te tinana o te manawanui. mahi te reira i rite te pūtake mo te rongoa i roto i te pātai tātaritanga tika, me te whiriwhiri o tikanga ikeiketanga o te maimoatanga. Ko te parau haapiiraa I. M. Sechenova e pā ana ki urupare i roto i te mahi pūpū o te roro i te tikanga matua mo te hanganga o te pūtaiao o cybernetics.

Ko te ariā o ngā pūnaha mahi

mahi faufaa o te tinana tangata rite te pūnaha tuwhera-koiora tino matatau haere tawhiti tua atu i te tauhohe pūpū. whakawhanakehia Famous pūtaiao Russian P. K. Anohin te ariā ki te whakamārama i te tiaki o te taiao ā-tamau ki te awhina o whekau whaiaroaro matatini me ngā pūnaha. Ratou mahi ruruku pupuritia homeostasis taumata ōrite ki te tinana hauora, ka e whakaritea e matatini mahi whanonga. Kua awhinatia kaipūtaiao rangahau ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai, he aha te mea te whaiaroaro o te mahi teitei io, whakapumautia whakaaro I. M. Sechenova e pā ana ki te tūranga o te pokapū teitei o te uho kaka ki te whakarato i te kōwhiringa o ngā tautuhinga ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga, me ngā tikanga o te hihiri o te mahi a te tangata.

I roto i to tatou tinana i reira he pūnaha mahi o te taumata e rua. Kei te tuatahi o nga tikanga e whai wāhi ki te tiaki o te homeostasis mā ture neurohumoral. whakarato rātou i te taumata huka toto noa, te hanganga o te wē toto, pēhanga toto, a na reira i runga i. D. tautoko te pūnaha tuarua he tinana tautoko ora mā ngā taunekeneke ki te wāhi noho i roto i te huringa whanonga.

manawa ā-

Ka rite ki ta tatou e matau nei, te mau parau tumu o ngā pūnaha koiora i ngā taumata rerekē o te whakahaere o te mea ora - rāpoi, pūtau, kiko, me te organogenic - ako whaiaroaro pūtaiao. He aha te pākia i ia o enei taumata, a rite tupu ai - te whakautu ki ēnei pātai whakarato ahumahi tono.

Ko te kupu, whakaaro te whaiaroaro Biochemistry utu hau o respiration pūtau, te haumarutanga whāriki o te tinana tangata ki te hāora. mai te reira i ki tauhohe pitihāoratanga ki organic matū pūtau, ai whakaemi te pūngao tukua te i roto i te puka o ngā rāpoi ngota ATP e whakamahia e te tinana ki te mahi i runga i te tipu uaua, me te whanaketanga. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te tukanga whaiaroaro ko te āhuatanga wāhi o ngā pūnaha koiora katoa i ngā wāhanga rerekē o ratou whakahaere.