Whakaahuatanga o te pneumothorax: momo o mate, ai, tātaritanga, me te maimoatanga

I roto i te maha raupapa e pā ana ki ngā tākuta, me detectives, tatou e kite maha nga kupu, te tikanga o nei te tikanga kino ranei e kore e matau i te katoa. Hei tauira, pneumothorax. He aha te mea tenei mate? Tohu, tohu e nei whawhati tata ngā kaimahi kia tika te whakatau i tona aroaro, te nui o te āwhina, me te maha atu āhuatanga o te mea i muri i te scenes. I roto i tenei tuhinga ka kitea e koe whakautu e ka tauturu i te orient i roto i te āhuatanga tino.

whakamāramatanga

Pneumothorax - Ko te haaputuputuraa o te rangi te tahi atu hau ranei ki te kōhao rei. Nuinga o ngā wā puta reira i muri i te whara rite ki te hua o te tuwhera whati o nga rara pūkahukahu whara ranei otaota o wheua, me rite ki te hua o te whaturama o pūkahukahu whēwhē, te whakatuwhera i te puru, kopiko nga taiepa o te repara ngōrahi ranei. pneumothorax Tuarua ko te hoko atu o te mate pūkahukahu auroa.

faaiteraa haumanu o nga tohu, tei matua i runga i te āhua o hohoro te rangi whakakiia ana te kōhao pleural. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, he taea tātaritanga muri whakamātautau o te manawanui i te scene. I te tahi taime, atu tikanga o te whakamātautau, pērā i X-hihi.

Ko te tikanga hāparapara Treatment. moni te reira ki te tango o rangi i te pouaka kōhao i te waikeri poka ranei, whakahokia te mahi o whēkau o te mediastinum, ka hoki ratou ki o ratou tūru.

Communication ki te taiao o waho

I roto i te puka i reira e rave rahi ngā rerekētanga o pneumothorax. Ngā momo o te mate whakawhirinaki i runga i ai taha o te poka i hanga (i waho ranei roto te tinana), me te tona rahi me te auau hau whiwhinga.

• pneumothorax Kati pāngia i roto i te wā ka taka te kōhao pleural nui iti o te hau i roto i te poka iti, e kore kōrero ki te taiao o waho. nui haere te pēhanga i roto i te kōhao pouaka kei te āta, ka katia te koha e ano, kahore āwhina atu. āta tareka mirumiru Air i waenganui i nga rau o te kiripūkahu, pūkahukahu, me e tona āhua noa.
• Open pneumothorax whakawhanake mehemea ongó patunga o te taiepa pouaka, ranei whaturama o te ngōrahi nui. paraparau wā katoa ki te taiao o waho. Nā ki tenei pēhanga kino i roto i te kōhao ā-hängai ki kaiao kōhauhau i nei Tiango te marama, a kahore e te rangi rere ki reira.

• Taumaha pneumothorax ranei piha anake puta ina pā ana whētuki (maru ia i te kiripūkahu taiepa uma ki kino me te whaturama o te bronchi nui), ka te āhuatanga i roto i taua tomo i te rangi te kōhao tinana i runga i inhalation, engari e kore e waiho tona exhale. Te pēhanga i roto i te kōhao pleural te tuatahi whakaritea ki te kōhauhau me te haere tonu ki te tupu. Ka rite ki te hua o whekau mediastinal e ngā me kōpeke.

pathogenesis

I roto i te tikanga ki te āwhina tika, he mea e tika ana ki te mohio me pehea ki te pneumothorax te hanga e, ona momo. Whaiaroaro o tenei tukanga takoto i roto i te meka e i roto i te kōhao pleural noa i roto i te pēhanga tōraro. E āwhina ana tēnei te pupuri i te pūkahukahu i roto i te āhua whakawhānui, me te tere ake te utu o ngā haurehu i te alveoli. A, no te he whati te tightness pouaka me tīmata te rangi ki te whakaki i te kōhao pleural, te hekenga pūkahukahu i roto i te rōrahi.

poka te reira ki te manawa noa, a ka rite ki te hua te tangata tīmata ki kowaowaotia. I tua atu, kokopi te rangi, me te whakakingitia whekau mediastinal: te ngakau, haoraora, pū kai, hanga reira uaua ki te kawe i roto i o ratou mahi tika.

etiology

Mai i māngai pāmamae tei reira ki runga ki te aha e waiho he pneumothorax. Etiology, momo, pathogenesis, faaiteraa haumanu me te maimoatanga e he mekameka arorau inextricable o te matauranga e taea te whakaora i te ora, ara ki te kore koe e whai ki te mahi i ki te tikanga hauora.

1. pneumothorax māhorahora ko te ngōrahi nui āputa e kore te pūkahukahu parenchyma e pā ana ki whara pūkaha o te pouaka ranei. Kei te wehea te reira ki ngā rōpū nui e rua:

• Te tuatahi, idiopathic ranei, kahore he take kitea. Ētahi atu noa i roto i te taitamariki tangata roroa atu i roto i nga wahine o te taua tau, me te hanga. Ka taea te faataa tenei i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei: te huringa pathological i roto i te pūkahukahu tika ki te koha iranga i roto i synthesizing whākōkī alpha-1-antitrypsin, whai wāhi nei i roto i te mahi noa o te alveoli; kiripūkahu kikokore rawa, e ai whatiia i te maturuturunga iho pēhanga iti, pērā i te maremare tihe ranei; maturuturunga ohorere pēhanga ka piki i te maunga (mate maunga) ranei ngaro i raro i te wai (mate caisson).
• i hanga pneumothorax Tuarua kei i runga i te whakamārama o kē ngā mate pūkahukahu pērā i COPD (ma'i mate pūkahukahu taunutia), kakakīrehe whēwhē, me te huangō.

2. He take o te pneumothorax pāmamae te tino noa. hinga momo o whara ki e rua ngā kāwai: ongó whara o te kōhao pouaka (tapatapahi, patunga tapatapahi, tuwhera piere o te rara); whētuki puhuki uma (avtotravmy, kuru i waenganui i nga taonga pahoho maturuturu).

3. I roto i ngā tukanga hauora kore ano e tutakina i te ahua o te pneumothorax. I roto i ngā take pēnei i, e karangatia ana ko iatrogenic. Mōrearea ngā kiripūkahu ranei pūkahukahu unuhanga, tātaritanga abscesses ihirangi poka me cysts, atamira pū tōngāmimi subclavian me barotrauma i ALV (tāwhaiwhai ventilation pūkahukahu).

whare hauora

I muri i uiui me te whakamātautau o te manawanui te tākuta utu aro te mamae pouaka huaki tata, hāhā o te manawa, manawa tere, me te auau ngakau, mare maroke ki. kia hoki patua whakaoho whakapeka kia te hua o te pneumothorax. Types o wharanga me te āhua o te whara, i ētahi wā noa e ngā detectable, ka āwhina i mutu i te tātaritanga me te whakatika i te manawanui ki te maimoatanga. Ka taea e waiho he hōhipera ohorere ranei tari hāparapara whakaora ranei tenei. Tei mea katoa i runga i te pakeke o te huru, me te kino motuhake.

tātaringa

Ka rite ki whakahuatia e ahau i runga ake, e matau te huarahi, i nei kua karangatia e te pneumothorax, momo, me te pārōnaki. e kore he uaua tātaritanga. He mea nui ki te pupuri i te whakamātautau ā-waho o te pouaka me te pukapuka auscultation wāhanga hangarite (ki te whakaritea ki te wahi hauora o te manawanui). Ki te kitea koe kino e kore e taea e, ka i roto i te tikanga ki te kia tino rawa e hiahia ana koe ki te tukua atu te manawanui ki te X-hihi scans CT ranei. E kore e te rangi whakaata i te radiation iraruke, a reira ka kia āta kitea i roto i te pikitia.

Ka rite ki te tikanga atu ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te whakamāramatanga o te hau toto (i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau mehemea i reira he he neke whakaari i roto i te ahunga o te hypercapnia), electrocardiography (ki te ārai pōauautanga pērā i kore ngakau), me te ki te huihui ki kōrero hāparapara (tenei te nuinga o mahi i te wā o te whakamātautau a te manawanui i roto i te whawhati tata tari).

whawhati tata

Ahakoa nga momo rerekē o te pneumothorax, heke āwhina tuatahi te ki te karanga i te waka tūroro. Mai ki te tangata mohoao mahi ki whara ā-, he pea ki, ka hiahia koe wheako me te tākuta whētuki. Ko te mea anake e taea te mahi i roto i te take o te kē tuwhera o te mate - he ki te tangohia he takai matotoru hiri ki runga ki te patunga. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te oilcloth, tākai kirihou matotoru miro-whāriki ranei. Ka āwhina i ēnei whawhe ki te hanga i te pneumothorax kati.

Momo akiaki āwhina mua-hauora kia whakaurua me te tātaritanga māmā o tenei mate i roto i te hōkai o te matauranga o tetahi tangata, o nga ākonga whakamutunga tau (ārai mate whawhati tata). Na ka taea ki te aromatawai i āta te āhuatanga, me te hanga i te whakatau tika ia.

maimoatanga

Ko te mea tuatahi ki te mohio rite te mea momo o te pneumothorax i roto i te manawanui. Ki te paku, e kore ai e hiahiatia te āwhina motuhake te nui o rangi i waenganui i nga rau pleural. Ia āta whakatau. I roto i te take i reira te nui o te hau tikanga ārai ngāwari ki te whakatuwhera, me hā reira ki te pūwero mā te puncturing te kōhao pleural. Te reira e tauturu ki te whakakore hohoro pneumothorax. (Tei tiaki ohotata i runga i tenei) momo e nui mate, no te mea e rapu ratou he huarahi rerekē. He nui o te kino kia rapua e te tāutanga o te Byulau waikeri-iu kotahi.

I tua atu, ka whara nui tono wawaotanga pokanga mo katinga o te parenchyma pūkahukahu, kiripūkahu me hē arahau, me te te katinga o ongó patunga o te pouaka.

Ka rite ki therapy symptomatic anesthetics me te hāora inhalation tūtohu. Ki te maha nui toutou wāhanga pneumothorax, kia tohutohu i te manawanui ki te whakaputa i pleurodesis - tahi kiripūkahu whakapiringa.

Pōauautanga me waitohunga

I tua atu i muri i tetahi mate, i reira e tonu nunu'a o te mamae i te pneumothorax. Puka o te reira i roto i tenei take tākaro he wāhi iti. I roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i nga pōauautanga utu toto hemothorax ranei. Muri noho ia kiripūkahu (mumura o te kiko tūhonohono, me te hanganga o adhesions i waenganui i te kiripūkahu) me emphysema subcutaneous (rangi tomo te kikokiko i raro i te kiri). kia mate i te manawanui i roto i te wāhi nui o te whara, me te awhina whakaroa.

ārai

I roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te whanaketanga o te pneumothorax, he nui ki te mau i te torutoru ture ohie:

• Wā, me te tino hamani i te pūnaha romahā me te ārai i ona pōauautanga, ārahi ki te hanganga o ngā ngoikore i roto i te pukapuka, me te kiripūkahu.
• Homai ake mau peu kino, i roto i ngā - i te kai paipa.
• Whakamātauria ki te karo i te whētuki o te pouaka.
• Tangohia mehua ki te karo anō-pneumothorax.