Whakahaere ōpaki me te ōkawa: ariā, ngā whāinga me ngā whāinga

hanga te ōhanga kei te ake o nga mahi o ngā hinonga. whakahaere ōpaki me te ōkawa ko te pūtake o te pūnaha ōhanga. kia whai ratou i te hanganga rerekē, te kanorau whāinga me ngā whāinga, ko ratou whakaaro matua - kau 'i roto i ngā mahi hanga, me te pakihi.

Ko te ariā o te whakahaere

Whakaaturanga e pā ana ki te whakahaere i hanga i te pūtahitanga o pekanga pērā i te ohaoha me te whakahaere. I raro i te mohio ki reira, ka hanga he tukanga i roto i nei, ka whakahaeretia e tetahi pūnaha, me te kohinga o etahi taunekeneke o ngā pūnaha me ngā rōpū i roto i te akoranga o te mahi tahi, me te mau mai i tahi iwi mo te whakatutukitanga o tetahi raruraru. I ngā wā, i reira e toru momo o ngā rōpū hītori: hapori, corporations me mau amuiraa. Tei runga i te hanganga ā-o te parau tumu i reira he rōpū ōpaki, me te ōkawa. Otiia i roto i tetahi take, he ratou he rōpū o iwi piri e whāinga me ngā whāinga noa. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te whakahaere, ko te ki te whai i te iwi torutoru nei mahi tahi i roto i te whai o te paetae o hapori nui, whāinga noa. Whakahaere he hanganga matatini me te nui o ngā momo.

hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere

Ko te matatini o te ako o ngā rōpū, ko e e whakanuia ratou e te hanganga tino kanorau. Ko te matatini, huānga pūnaha tūhonohono ki ngā mahi rerekē, me te hanganga. He kaupapa te hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere ki te arorau ā-o te tukanga whakaputa, whakaata reira nga pau mahi o te hinonga me te hangaia ki te whakahaere i te otinga whai hua te nuinga o ngā raruraru ohaoha, me te ōhanga.

I ngā wā, tirohia te hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere kei te rite te mana. tautuhi ana te hanganga whakahaere e i roto i te whakahaere o ngā mahi me ngā mahi o te kamupene, e awe ai i ngā āhuatanga ohaoha - anga whakahaere kouma ki te whakaiti i ngā utu. Ano, awe te anga whakahaere e taua āhuatanga rite te ahua o te mana, te tohu o te whakakotahitanga o ngā waeine takitahi mahi, te wehenga o te mahi, te taiao o waho, tikanga hononga rautaki whakahaere kaimahi.

Hanganga o te whakahaere whai wāhi ki te whai huatanga me te kakama o te hanga me te whakahaere whakatau whakatau-tino. Te anga whakahaere kia ngāwari, engari pūmau, ki te whakapiki ake i whakataetae te kamupene o roto i te mākete.

Ngā momo o ngā hanganga whakahaere

I runga i te ako o te anga whakahaere , i reira e rave rahi huarahi. I roto i te āhuatanga hangarau o te hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere - he pūnaha o ngā rauemi, me ngā tukanga e te hunga i te pūtake mo te whakatinanatanga o ngā tukanga katoa. hanganga Hangarau whakarato te pūtake mō ngā hononga mahi ki waenganui i ngā kaimahi, pānga i runga i te ihirangi me te āhua o te mahi, whakatau te momo o te whanaungatanga whaiaro, me te mahi i waenganui i ngā kaimahi me te pānga i runga i te hanganga pāpori o te whakahaere.

Ko te hanganga pāpori o te whakahaere e hipokina te taunekeneke pāhekoheko me te intergroup, ka toro ki nga whāinga, ngā uara, te mana. awe hanganga pāpori e maha o ngā āhuatanga: te āheinga o te ārahitanga me tona kaha ki te hanga i te rautaki me te whanaungatanga, te tūturutanga, ngaio, āhuarangi morare, me te hinengaro i roto i te pūmanawa ngā, auaha, me te ngaio o ngā kaimahi, ratou kaupapa, kaha me te hiahia ki te titiro mō ngā huarahi rereke o te raruraru ahumahi.

Ko te wāhanga tuatoru o te hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere - sociotechnical, Kei tenei hanganga o ara mokowā o te pëhi kaimahi i roto i to ratou mahi, te whakarite i ratou interconnections.

Ka taea te wehea te hanganga whakahaere o te kamupene i roto i te whakahaere ki aroākapa me adhokraticheskie. I roto i te tahuri, wehea te hanganga aroākapa ki rārangi, mahi, rārangi-mahi, kara, me ētahi atu. E wehea ana te ki organic kopu, hoahoa me te ropu tinei.

hanganga aroākapa Ko te noa momo o ngā rōpū tipu ratou māmālie i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga o te whakahaere. He kuware me angamaheni mō kamupene ki huringa production ohie hanganga whakahaere rārangi. I roto i enei whakahaere, e ngā nga huringa katoa i raro i te upoko, i, i roto i te tahuri, he ngohengohe ki kaiwhakahaere teitei. kōwae Head riro kawenga tonu mo te mahi o tona tari. Ko te painga o tenei hanga ko te whai huatanga kitea o ia kōwae me tona kaiwhakahaere, pūnaha vzaimopodchineniya pai me mahi tohatoha, wāhi mārama o kawenga o nga kau taki o ia hono. Ko nga āhuatanga o taua hanganga whakahaere i roto i te matatini o te whānui wae whakahaere rautaki, ia o nei solves te raruraru, engari iti wāhi i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahere rautaki, ngāwari rawakore me te aro ki ngā rerekētanga roto, o waho, te tohu tiketike o ti'aturiraa o nga hua i nga kaiwhakahaere o te ngaiotanga. rerekē anga whakahaere Taumahi i te parau tumu o te wehenga o ngā waeine rārangi, i hanga e ia te pūtake o ngā mahi. I roto i taua whakahaere, i reira he maha he ripeka aratohu-e te artist taua, e nui fakafaingata'a'ia'i whakahaere. Linear me hanganga mahi - kei te mahue i roto i te mua, te tikanga mana, mai kore e whakatau ratou whakahaere whakaritenga hou.

hanganga rārangi-mahi fakatahai te momo o mua e rua, i roto i tenei take, whakawhirinaki kaiwhakahaere raina i runga i nga mahi o te wae mahi. He whai hua hoki te momo ano o tukanga whakaputa ki te tokotoko o kore iwi neke atu i te 3,000 enei hanganga. He momo hou atu o te hanganga taua ko te whakahaere linearly-kaimahi i roto i i hanga ia mahi te tari matua, tauturu kaiwhakahaere ki te whakaoti rapanga taketake. hanganga Tiwihana āhuatanga e kamupene nui ki huringa production matatini. Division ahau - he wae production kotahi, haere e te rangatira nei te mea e tino kawenga mo te mahi o tona kapa. Ka taea te whakaritea wehenga i runga i te pūtake rohe (he pūnaha peka mahinongofua tenei) ranei i runga i te hua. He pūmau hanganga whakahaere aroākapa, engari he iti o ngāwari i raro i te mana o te taiao huri. E mea pinepine i roto i taua hanganga i reira ko te roanga o te whakatau, ngā tauārai uiui.

hangaia ngā hanganga Organic e ki te tango i te raupapatanga o tōnounoú, kua hanga ratou hoki āhuatanga motuhake, me te hohoro te huru ki tetahi huringa, urutau - ko to ratou rerekētanga matua, me te painga tenei. Brigadnaya hanganga whakapae rerekē e whai wāhi mai ngā rōpū kaimahi e mahi. Ko te painga o taua hanganga ko te whakamahi whai hua o te kaha, tere whakatau-hanga, engari i reira he uauatanga e takoto i roto i te matatini o tuitui nga kapa katoa ka whakatutuki whāinga rautaki. Waihoki hanganga ki reira kaupapa, te rōpū ai tīpakohia mahi i raro i te mahia o te tetahi mahi. ngā Matrix hōtaka-ūnga ranei hanganga o rua momo o huānga: ratonga mahi, me kaupapa ranei hōtaka. I roto i a ratou i reira ko te tāpaetanga rua, me e te kore o taua whakahaere. Ko te painga ko te tōtika o te whakahaere, tōtika, te mahi nui, i te pāhekoheko o ngā raruraru o nāianei ki te rautaki whanaketanga.

Ano, e tahuri iho te hanganga o te rōpū whakahaere ki ōkawa, me te ōpaki. Ōkawa - he reira te hanganga, whakaritea nei i roto i tetahi tuhinga, hanganga ōpaki - reira noa whakawhanakehia ngā hononga o ngā kaimahi, me ta ratou wehenga ki ngā rōpū i roto i te kapa. Ko te hanganga matua he whanaunga pāpori ōpaki. rōpū ōpaki puta noa, ina whakatika te hiahia, na kua pūkoro me te hanganga urutau. Tei runga i te āhuatanga, ngāwari e taea te puta ke te tohatoha o mana, me mahi i roto i taua rōpū.

Ko te whāinga, me ngā mahi o te whakahaere

E hanga whakahaere ōpaki me te ōkawa i roto i te ingoa o te whakaaro ngā, me whakatau e ratou te momo me te hanganga o te kamupene. Ko te matauranga noa e te āhuatanga te whakahaere e te mau opuaraa matatini, me te kanorau, ngā enei:

• whāinga rautaki. Waihanga o ao, whāinga o te kamupene wā roa-- ko te wāhanga nui o te mahi o te whakahaere runga. Ko ētahi o ēnei whāinga tūranga te kamupene o roto i te mākete, tona whakapakoko, nui mahi ahumahi, me te arumoni i roto i te tupu wā roa.
• whāinga rauhanga. Ko te ara ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga ao ko tonu i roto i te whakatutukitanga o ngā whāinga wā-poto. Hoki tenei momo o ngā whāinga e haere tonu, me te whakahaere ngā wero e te hunga mohio ki te uru ki roto ki te aronga rautaki whānui o te whanaketanga.
• whāinga Economic. Kua whakaturia tetahi whakahaere iho te whāinga o te pai arumoni, me kia whakahuatia ratou i roto i te uara ā-tau: i roto i te nui, me te wā ki te whakatutuki i.
• whāinga Production. whanaketanga te kamupene o e taea, kahore ao hou, me te whakapai ake o te hanga. Hoko o te taputapu, te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau, te rapu hoki ngā wāhi hou o te whakatinanatanga - reira mö katoa ki te rautaki ahumahi.
• whāinga Social. Te hanga tikanga pai mo te hanganga o te ahurea rangatōpū, te pānga i runga i hapori me te ahurea - he ano hoki tenei katoa he wāhanga nui o te whakahaere.

Ko te whakaaro o te whakahaere ōkawa e te nuinga o whakaritea i roto i te tūtohinga, me te ko te wä, me te whakahihiko i roto i te natura, me whai pānga ai ki te misioni te kamupene o. Whāinga rōpū ōpaki e kore e te nuinga whakaritea i roto i te tuhituhi, me te puta ngā uara me ngā ngākau nuitanga rite noa. nga whāinga katoa o te whakahaere kī i te raupapa o faufaa me, e hāngai ana ki runga ki a ratou, te whakatakoto rautaki me te mahi tātai.

Āhuatanga me huanga o te whakahaere

Ahakoa te rerekētanga nui i waenganui i nga rōpū, faaite ratou āhuatanga tūturu i roto i tetahi o ratou. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te whakahaere - te aroaro o te ūnga, i te mea tata ki ona kaiuru katoa.

He āhuatanga nui o te whakahaere ōkawa - tona mana ā-ture, me te wehe. kia whai i te whakahaere i te puka ōkawa-punga o te whakahaere, e whakarato ana tona mana motuhake. Kei te kitea hoki wehe i roto i te katinga o te hanga me te whakahaere o ngā tukanga ā-e hanga te rohe i waenganui i te whakahaere, me te ao i waho. Ko te tohu i muri o te whakahaere - ko reira mahuinga te wātea o ngā rauemi: Ka taea e whai mana tangata, pūtea, rauemi, ngā whakahaere kāwanatanga rite te rauemi. He te whakahaere taua āhuatanga rite whaiaro ture-, kua reira ona rohe ake o te kawenga, me te tango i nga whakatau matua i runga i to ratou ake. Ko noho tonu ia ti'aturi i runga i te taiao o waho, e pā ona mahi. He āhuatanga nui ko te aroaro o te ahurea whakahaere e te vai i roto i te puka o rangatōpū tikanga, ngā kōrero tuku iho, ngā tikanga, ngā pūrākau.

Tohu o ngā rōpū ōkawa

He ona ake āhuatanga motuhake atu āhuatanga noa āhuatanga whakahaere ōkawa. Ko te tuatahi o enei āhuatanga, ko te aroaro o te huinga o ngā tuhinga ture ona mahi: tohutohu, tikanga, ture, tikanga, whakahau ia he akoranga etahi o te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko te kupu, ona mahi tuatahi zaformalizovana. Ko te hanganga ōkawa o te whakahaere, me te ngā rōpū ōpaki, engari ona wāhanga ōkawa e tino tonu. Ko te kupu, Ko nga wa katoa whānui me te ake ōpaki te whakahaere ōkawa.

Tohu o ngā rōpū ōpaki

Ko te āhuatanga ahurei o ngā rōpū ōpaki te wehe i te reira i tona antipode. Ēnei āhuatanga ngā:

• Te wātea o te mana tūmatanui. kei raro i te tirotiro tonu o ratou i te mau melo, me te taiao o waho whakahaere ōpaki, i roto i te tikanga ki te tāutu i whakaaetia, me te akiri whanonga. Te mau melo o ngā rōpū ōpaki whakatakoto etahi tauira whanonga, mō te raa'tu i te tikanga me ngā ture o tatari mema rōpū whakahe ara pana i te rōpū ranei.
• Arai o te huringa. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga rōpū ōpaki ko te parenga ā-ki te huri, e whangai ana i te rōpū ki te whaiaro tiaki-a huringa whakaaro rite te riri ki tona ora.
• Ko te aroaro o te feia faatere ōpaki. Ko te huru tino nui o taua rōpū ko te aroaro o te feia faatere ōpaki. Ko te rangatira o te rōpū - he mea he huānga hanganga-hanga o taua whakahaere, tei horo'ahia ratou etahi tika me ngā kawenga, a ka he ia i te whakawhirinaki me te āhukahuka i roto i ngā mema o te rōpū.

momo o ngā rōpū

Haunga e reira he whakahaere ōkawa, ōpaki, rite taea te tukua me ētahi atu momo. Ka taea te whakarōpūtia ratou i te ahumahi: .. Trade, production, takawaenga, ratonga, me ētahi atu E ai ki te mana ā-ture o te rōpū e taea te wehea ki arumoni me te kore-arumoni. I roto i ngā o te hanga e taea te tāutuhia rite whakahaere iti, reo, me te nui. pā whakarōpū Basic matua ki te whakahaere ōkawa, engari kia tīariari etahi momo i roto i te rōpū ōpaki.

taiao o te whakahaere ā-roto

He āhuatanga nui o te whakahaere, ko te aroaro o te taiao ā-. Ki a ia tuku iho ngā whāinga, whāinga, anga whakahaere, ngā rauemi tangata me te hangarau. Ko te taiao ā-- he hanganga turanga, mai te mea te reira tino ti'aturi i runga i te āhuatanga. Kei o ngā rōpū whakapumautia ārahitanga i roto i to ratou mahi e ārahi ratou e nga tikanga me ngā ture whakaturia atu i roto i te tuhinga pūnaha whakahaere ōkawa. I roto i tenei āhuatanga o te taiao ā-Kei te nuinga o te wā korerotia o rite ngā āhuatanga o te ahurea rangatōpū o te whakahaere. Te rōpū ōkawa i roto i tenei take kia ngohengohe ki te huri i, engari te initiator ko te kaiwhakahaere. He rōpū ōpaki hoki wahi o te taiao ā-, engari tomu'a ratou mahi ki te whānuitanga iti te ka whakaritea. Here takaro he wāhi nui e kōrero, aroha me te whanaungatanga, ka karanga te mea ko te āhuarangi hinengaro o te rōpū mahi.

rōpū ōkawa me te ōpaki i roto i te whakahaere

Ko te hanganga matatini o ngā rōpū, rawa te hunga nui, tā kōwhiringa i roto i ngā rōpū mahi iti mō ngā mahi rerekē. Ka taea e waiho ratou ōkawa ōpaki ranei. Ko te tūranga o te rōpū ōkawa ko ki te whakaoti rapanga ahumahi, me te arumoni i roto i te buka haapiiraa ako. Peheé rōpū he mo te roanga o tetahi mahi, hei tauira, ki te hanga i tētahi kaupapa. E whakaritea o ratou mahi i ngā tuhinga pēnei i whakahau, e tohatoha mana, me te wero. Ko kamupene nui he tonu whakahaere māhorahora, me te ōpaki. Tauira o taua rōpū e taea te kitea i roto i tetahi whakato. korukoru ratou noa i runga i te pūtake o momo whaiaro me ngā ngākau nuitanga. Ratou tākaro hoki te wāhi nui i roto i te whakahaere, kia rite ki te rōpū whakawhitiwhiti, puka, me te mau tonu i te āhuarangi i roto i te whakahaere, whai wāhi ki te whakapai ake o te ahurea rangatōpū.

Ko te ariā me te tūranga o te rangatira rōpū

whakahaere ōpaki me te ōkawa i roto i tona mahi e hāngai ana i runga i nga kau taki. rangatira o te ariā presupposes te oraraa o motuhake āhuatanga hinengaro me 'ulungaanga tenei tangata. Ko te rangatira - he tangata a matou i te whakawhirinaki o te rōpū, me te mea te mana. Ki te i roto i ngā rōpū ōkawa kua mana whakaritea te whakahaere e kore te mea nei i te rangatira, i roto i ngā rōpū ōpaki ko tonu te rangatira, ko wai tohua te hoki tenei tūnga i te mea o tona huru maitatai whaiaro. hopoi mai te rangatira o te rōpū iwi tahi me turai ratou ki te mahia e tetahi mahi, e kore me hoatu e ia te pēhanga ki runga ki a ratou, no te mea noa horo'ahia kaimahi ona mana. E taunaki ana Whakahaere Modern ki te whakahaere mata, te ti'aturi i runga i o ratou rōpū rauemi mana.

Whakahaere o te whakahaere ōkawa

hāngai te whakahaere ōkawa o te whakahaere i runga i nga mahi tuku iho o te whakahaere: whakamahere, whakahaere, mana, hihiri me te ruruku. I roto i taua rōpū, te take te whakatau i ko te wehenga o te mahi i tukuna ki ia kaimahi i roto i te mekameka production. whakahaere kāwanatanga, hei tauira, mahi i runga i te pūtake o ngā tuhinga tūranga mahi, e e tino mārama whakapūtā te whānuitanga o te mahi, mana, ngā tika me ngā kawenga o te ngā mema o ngā kaimahi. I roto i taua ohu he tino nui tūranga whakahaere, kia rite ki kore e kaihaka hanga whakatau, e kore te reira e mahara ki te farii i tohutohu. Me te rangatira nei e mana kia ki te kawe i ngā kawenga rōpū ōkawa. Whakahaere tika ki tona ogrstrukturoy ōkawa whakahaere, ngā whāinga, whānuitanga, te taiao roto, o waho fakotrami.

Whakahaere o te rōpū ōpaki

pāpori whakahaere ōpaki presupposes he tetahi herekore, ehara i te mea nahanaha angamaheni o te mana, te mea matua i konei - te hononga pāpori me te whanaungatanga. kawea Whakahaere o te rōpū taua i roto i roto i te maha ngā tohutohu, whakapae, i raro ki runga, me te runga ki raro. whakahaere ōpaki o te whakahaere kia kawe i nga kau taki ōkawa, engari atu pinepine e hoatu nga whatumanawa ki te feia faatere whakaaro, e hua ana ki te mana o te rōpū. I roto i enei whakahaere, e kore koutou e taea e te whakamahi i te taputapu whakahaere maheni i roto i te puka o ngā tohutohu me whakahau maha kawea whakahaere i roto i te tikanga o ngā tikanga hinengaro o te mana me te pānga. Whakahaere Group ōpaki tei runga i piringatahi me te rōpū rahi, te mana, me te hanganga.