Whanaketanga Economic o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20: he tepu. whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga, me te tōrangapū o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Āhuatanga o te whanaketanga ōhanga o Russia i te tahuri o 19-20 tenetere

haere tahi whanaketanga Economic o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 i te taha o te hanganga o te moni. Ua faaite tenei i roto i te tupu o te te rakahinonga, whakapai ake o te hanga me te hua i roto i te rōrahi o te mahi utu, whakahoutanga hangarau o hinonga. He ko he revolution hangarau tuarua, i orua ki te ahumahi. Na roto i te rōrahi o te putanga ahumahi i roto i te whenua kua tomo te runga e rima, me ki Tiamana, France, Britain, me te United States.

Āhuatanga o te whanaketanga ōhanga o Russia i te tahuri o 19-20 tenetere

I roto i tenei wā, kua tomo te pūnaha capitalist he hou, atamira tokitoki. timata matou ki te hanga i nui rōpū pūtea, me te ahumahi. whanaketanga Economic o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, i roto i te poto, hoatu whanaketanga ki te hanumitanga o te moni, me te whakapaipai ahumahi. Kua tangohia ngā rōpū Industrial me pūtea i roto i tenei wā he tūranga tino i roto i te ōhanga o te whenua. whakahaere i ratou i te hoko me te ahumahi o ngā hua, i whakaritea utu, wehe i te ao ki ao o mana. timata nga ngākau nuitanga o te rōpū ahumahi, me te pūtea ki te tuku ki ngā kaupapa here ā-waho hoki o te whenua atu whakawhanakehia.

moni mana tokitoki

ka pa ia i runga i te pāpori-ōhanga, me te whanaketanga tōrangapū o Russia. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, i hanga te whenua ona ake āhuatanga o heriheri moni. Tenei ai etahi āhuatanga. Tuatahi o te katoa, i haere te āhua ki te pūnaha i muri mai i te whenua Pākehā tokomaha. i rite nui, me ngā āhuatanga matawhenua o Russia. Ko te whenua noho te rohe nui ki rerekē ngā takiwā makariri e pā ki tona whanaketanga pāhiwihiwi. I te wa ano ka tangohia e te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga, me te tōrangapū o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 wahi rawa āta. autocracy U, landlordism, whanau ōritenga, te tukino o etahi rōpū o te taupori.

whanaketanga Economic o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20: he whakarāpopoto

ngā ahumahi capitalist me te pūnaha pūtea e ki te rāngai ahuwhenua i ërä. I roto i te whakamutunga noho tikanga āhua-feudal o te whakahaere me te mana. kunenga capitalist i roto i te whenua e kore e whai wa mo te auau makona nui o ahumahi te ahunga whakamua. Ka rite ki te hua, tuhia te reira te whanaketanga ōhanga pāhiwihiwi o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. hāngai pakihi nui i roto i taua wā i roto i te rima ngā wāhi: te Trans-Caucasus, Tonga, Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru, Ural me Central. Ko to ratou huru i roto i te rerekē koi ki taramore mahere ahumahi rohe nui o te whenua.

mana

Autocracy, āhuatanga hanganga uiui kaha a tomu'a bourgeoisie ngā ngoikore pokanoa kāwanatanga kaha i roto i te hanganga o te heriheri moni. Ua faaite tenei i roto i te kaupapa here hokonga i, me te ture-ture o te tukanga o te hanga o motuhake, te tautoko moni o te State Bank o hinonga nui, te tohatoha i waenganui i ngā kirimana kāwanatanga. ko ētahi rangatira kāwanatanga i roto i te taputapu whakahaere o ngā rōpū ahumahi, me te pūtea kaha. kua pareparenga nui i raro i te arata'iraa o statesmen runga mua. Enei rangatira te tikanga i ki te mahi ki te hōia, hokohoko, tari pūtea. ka mau te whanaketanga Economic o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 wahi ki te tautoko o te ngākau nuitanga o te kaipupuri whenua, me nga māngai o te bourgeoisie heriheri.

te raupapatanga

Ko te āhuatanga nui o te whanaketanga ōhanga o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Te raupapatanga i hanga whakawhitinga nuinga mutunga e tika ki te moni. E rite nui ko te matekai whenua o nga peasants, me te te vilitakí o ngā kōrero tuku iho patereareha i roto i te mahara o te hapori. (U pareparenga me wheketere, me nga kulaks whenua) Private ara capitalist o te ora ngā ki-tauine iti (mahi artisanal) me āhua-oranga (kaiahuwhenua production).

kaweake o te whakapaipai

Rerekē ētahi atu whenua, kaweake Russia waho te whenua, ko te rauemi iti nui. Ko tenei tika ki te kore o ake pūtea o te whenua, me ngā whai wāhitanga rahi o te displacement ā-i roto i te raki o te wahi Pākehā, i roto i Central Asia, Siberia. Kua ēnei kaupapa matua ue'i e te hiahia ki te farii i hua i te taikaha tika ki te aroaro o ngā rauemi nui, me te cheap mahi. haumi Foreign haere mai ana ki te whenua i roto i ngā tahataha kāinga. I runga i te rohe o te kāwanatanga, ka e ratou he wahi o tona whakapaipai. Funds haumi i roto i te whanaketanga ōhanga. I roto i Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 kaha i pūtea te engineering, ahumahi, keri. Tenei puka o te tohatoha āhei whakatupato tere tere o te ahumahi me te panoni o te kāwanatanga, he konga rauemi raw o nga mana Western.

ahumahi

Kua i te reira i te pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga o Russia. i tohua Early rautau 20 i te raruraru ao. puta te reira i muri i te ara whānui o te 90 o te rau tau o mua. I roto i Russia, ko te nuinga o whakapeka te raruraru ahumahi. Kua heke te whenua nga utu o taonga taketake, tīmata production koi heke kore mahi papatipu. kihai i ranea mō kaiwhakanao tautoko State. Ka rite ki te hua, kua riro maha hinonga huakore, me te kaihau. Kua pāngia e te raruraru ahumahi kore anake, engari ano hoki te rāngai ahuwhenua. Peka ke tino uaua te āhuatanga i roto i te hapori, i whakapataritari ia he nekehanga tōrangapū nui.

tipu monopolization

tonu te raruraru ki te hanga i cartels. puta ratou i roto i Russia i te mutunga o te rau tau 19. whakaae ngā mema o Cartel i runga i te tauine production, nga tikanga o te hoko o ngā hua, me te tukanga mō te utu kaimahi. Fakataha ki tenei rōpū noho motuhake i roto i to ratou mahi. I roto i te 1901 Bryansk, i piri Putilov me te maha o te tahi atu tipu locomotive i roto i "Prodparovoz". timata matou ki te hanga i ngā momo hou o te heriheri - ohu. Taua hononga mana tukanga o te fariiraa i whakahau, hoko o ngā rauemi mata. Ohu ruruku utu, me te kawe i roto i tohatoha centralized o taonga. Kamupene e i whakaurua ki roto ki enei hononga, tonu motuhake i roto i te rängai ahumahi. I te 1902 i hanga e te reira i roto i te metallurgy Tātahitanga. Ko ratou "Truboprodazha" me "Prodamet". I muri i te tahi mau wa, kua hanga te reira i roto i te rōpū ahumahi keri ( "Nobel-Fuel", "Produgol").

wā o te stagnation

I roto i Europe, mai i 1904 tohua roha ahumahi. I roto i Russia, timata te hekenga ōhanga te hanga tuatahi o 1908. I meinga tenei huru e āhuatanga e rua. Tuatahi o te katoa, pāngia e te ino koi i roto i te huru pūtea, me te ōhanga o te kāwanatanga e tika ana ki haumi nui i roto i te pakanga Russian-Japanese o 1904-1905. pānga tōraro i runga i te rängai ahumahi, me te takanga o 1905-1907. Tino heke haumi i roto i te ahumahi, i pakaru ahuwhenua.

whakaora

haere mai ia i roto i te biennium 1909-1913. tupu Industrial ko te hua o te taonga i roto i te hoko te mana o tangata i muri i te whakakāhoretanga i te 1906 o ngā utu whakaoranga, kia rite ki te pai rite whakahou i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua (1906-1910.). tino marere faafariuraa ake te whanaketanga capitalist o te ahuwhenua. Ko te hua o te whakahau kāwanatanga hōia e tika ki te ino o te āhuatanga i roto i te ao whai wāhi hoki ki te kotokoto ahumahi. I roto i tenei wā, i kaha te tukanga monopolization. timata matou ki te hanga i ngā uniana hou hokohoko ( "Hiko", "waea"), me te corporations me tikanga tiaki. whakaaro te whakamutunga ko te momo rawa o motuhake. E faaterehia ratou e tangohanga rauemi raw, hanga me hoko o ngā hua oti. āwangawanga whanaketanga muri e pā ana ki te hanganga o nui rōpū pūtea-ahumahi. huihui ratou pakihi i ngā rāngai runga i te pūtake o te pēke whakapaipai. Na roto i te taumata o te monopolization o Russia i pupuri arataki ki te whenua whakawhanakehia o Europe.

ahuwhenua

Ahakoa te whanaketanga tere o ahumahi, te rāngai ahuwhenua i roto i te whenua whakaaro i te pai i roto i to ratou ōhanga mahara motuhake. whanaunga capitalist i roto i te ahuwhenua i hanga i rawa āta. Ko tenei tika ki te tiaki o te landlordism, backwardness agro-hangarau, te kore o te whenua mo nga peasants, whanaunga hapori i roto i te whenua. I te wa ano haere tahi te whanaketanga ōhanga o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 i te taha o tāone. tīmata matou tipu pokapū ahumahi, te whakanui ake i te taupori tāone, whakawhanakehia whatunga ikiiki. whai wāhi tenei katoa ki nui haere te hiahia mo nga hua o te rāngai ahuwhenua me i te hokohoko waho, me te kāinga.

Puka o te whakamahi whenua me te rangatiratanga

I te timatanga o te rau tau 20 i roto i Russia, i hanga i te torutoru ratou. I roto i te mana tūmataiti o te whenua e te nuinga tonu e whenua ū (whenua nui). O enei, ka haere mai nga mākete e pā ana ki te hawhe o te taro. Te nuinga o whenua i hanga whakariterite anō capitalist. whakamahia te whenua i kaimahi, faarahi te taumata o te whanaketanga agro-hangarau. Ua tauturu tenei ki te whakapiki ake i te marketability me te moni. i hoatu ētahi kaiwhakarēti wahi o te riihi whenua, me te riro utu i roto i te puka o te mau herehere. Hoki te whenua 20% āhua-feudal nga tikanga angamaheni. E āta mea pakura ēnei whenua. I muri i te hoko o motuhake whenua, pareparenga, me te maha o dynasties bourgeois (Morozova, Ryabushinskys etc), Kua whakawhanakehia he momo hou o te tikanga whenua. Ko nga rangatira o enei whenua i te aratau capitalist o ōhanga.

taupori

E ai ki te taumata o te tāone i roto i Russia i te timatanga o te rau tau 20 ko te whenua tuawhenua. taupori o te pa o e pā ana ki te 30 miriona te iwi. (18% o te taupori tapeke). Ko tētahi-toru o nga tangata hāngai i roto i te pokapū nui. Hei tauira, i roto i St Petersburg, i reira i pā ana ki 2 miriona i roto i Moscow - e kore e nui iti. noho te nuinga o te iwi i roto i te iti pa arumoni me te kaimahi. kihai i ēnei tangata e pā ana ki te mahi i roto i te tipu ahumahi. He maha nui o te taupori arumoni me te ahumahi noho i roto i te kainga.

pūnaha pūtea

tautuhi te reira i momo tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti o te pēke whakapaipai. wahi Main i roto i te nohoia State Bank. mahi ia e rua ngā mahi faufaa: nama me te tika. tonu State Bank te heriheri homai e taurewa tūmatanui arumoni me hinonga ahumahi. Kua whai wāhi te whanaketanga o te pūnaha nama o takoki-kararehe tahatika arumoni kaha. hāngai ratou i 47% o ngā rawa katoa. I runga i te pūtake o enei pareparenga i hanga he oligarchy pūtea, i hono tata ki te rangatira nui, me te taero.

mutunga

Kua whakaahuatia matou i runga i te ahunga matua i roto i nei te whanaketanga ōhanga o Russia i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. i raro kei roto te tepu mōhiohio whakarāpopoto i runga i ngā āhuatanga katoa.

I roto i te whenua kia rite ki te katoa tuhia nga tukanga hononga o te ahumahi me te monopolization. hāngai kaupapa ōhanga o te Kāwanatanga i whakatere i te tere o te whanaketanga ahumahi taa ê protectionist. mahi te āhua i roto i te maha ngā take, tīmataria te hanganga o whanaunga capitalist. I roto i tenei take, haapii tamau te mana kua whakamahi i ētahi atu whenua tikanga. Na roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, tino whakaiti i te backlog o Russia i te mana ārahi, i noaa motuhake ōhanga. Ko te āhua e te whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i tētahi kaupapa here ke kaha.