Whārangi matatini: hanganga, whakaahuatanga, tauira

tipu katoa ngā o vegetative me whekau generative. Last kawenga mō te uri. I roto i angiosperms Ko te puawai. Ko te mawhiti whakarerekētia. whekau vegetative o ngā tipu - ko te pūnaha pakiaka me wana. ngā o te pakiaka matua, lateral me te ake te pūnaha pakiaka. I te tahi taime e taea e parau- ore- te pakiaka matua. huaina te pūnaha taua te kaiota te. Papapa e hanga ake o ngā tātā, rau me te puku. Papapa e whakarato waka o matū, ka tautoko hoki i te tūranga o te tipu. He kawenga mō te hanganga o wana hou, me te puawai nga whatukuhu. Rārangi - te okana tino nui o te tipu, mai te mea te reira te kawenga mō te ahotakakame.

Kia pehea te mahi i te reira

rau Simple me te pūhui ngā o te maha ngā momo o te kopa. Kia titiro a ratou i roto i te taipitopito.

I roto i ngā o te histology

Runga ake ko te kiko hipoki - te kiriwaho. Tenei matotoru paparanga i roto i te kotahi e rua ranei pūtau ki kiriuhi mātotoru ineine tata rawa ki tahi i te tahi. tiaki ana tēnei whārangi papanga i kino aunoa, ka ārai hoki te whakaetonga nui o te wai i te tinana. I tua atu, he wāhi i roto i te utu hau te kiriwaho. Ki te mahi i tenei i roto i te kiko stomata reira.

I te tihi o te kiriwaho ko te paparanga tiaki atu, e ngā o te ware pi, i te paninga tukuna e te pūtau kiko.

Raro te kiriwaho he hanga tīwae, whakawhenumi parenchyma ranei. Tenei papanga taketake whārangi. E te reira i tuu i te tukanga o te ahotakakame. E whakaritea pūtau parenchymal poutū. he maha nui o chloroplasts roto i ratou.

Na roto i te awhitia, papanga he pūnaha whārangi conductive me parenchyma tu'ūlutui. Fabric conductive - he kōtai me te kōkai. Kei te tuatahi o nga oko - pūtau mate hono poutū ki ia atu, kahore he baffles whakapae. Na roto i te wai kōtai ki matū rewa reira te tukua ki te whārangi i te pakiaka. Kei te tito kōkai o ngongo tatari - elongation o ngā pūtau ora. E tenei papanga conductive e kawea rongoā, i runga i te anga ke, i te rau ki te pakiaka.

kiko tu'ūlutui kawenga mō te utu hau me te whakaetonga wai.

Whakarārangitia i raro i nga papa o te kiriwaho he raro. Ia ano, rite te tihi, kua he mahi tiaki. Kei reira hoki te stoma.

hanganga o rau

te mawehe reira i te tātārau kakau, e te mea lamina pūmau me - te wahi matua o te whārangi. Mai i te kakau ki te taha o te haere uaua rau. I tua atu, pūhui me tona kakau he stipules. rau mātanga, tauira o nei e kia kōrero i raro, e whakaritea kia kotahi rau tātārau he maha ngā paraharaha.

He aha e nga rau

Tei runga i te hanganga e taea te tāutuhia rau ohie, me te pūhui. ngā Simple o te rihi kotahi. whārangi Complex - tetahi e ngā o paraharaha maha. Ka taea te rerekē te reira i roto i te hanganga.

Ngā momo o rau

He maha ngā momo. Āhuatanga ki te wehea ratou ki momo taea te mahi rite he maha o paraharaha, te āhua o te taha o te mau papaa parau, me te hanga i te whārangi. mai te reira i roto i te rima ngā momo.

Leaf āhua - rite tupu te reira

Kei reira ētahi momo o reira:

• panepere;
• porotītaha;
• mowhiti-āhua;
• rārangi;
• ngakau-āhua;
• tahi-āhua (whārangi āhua-porohita);
• tohu;
• ngira;
• poro-āhua (whārangi tapatoru, noaa ki te kakau i te runga);
• hastate (titaha koi);
• spatulate;
• lobed (whārangi wehea ki te plurality o matatahi);
• lanceolate (roa, te whanui whārangi i roto i te waenganui);
• obratnolantsetovidnaya (wahi o runga o te pepa ko whānui atu te raro);
• obratnoserdtsevidnaya (whārangi ngakau-ahuahu titia ki te kakau mutunga koi);
• rhomboid;
• pewa.

Ka taea e te pepa matatini i tetahi o nga puka mau papaa parau.

mau api Puka tapa

Ko tetahi atu take e hanga ana e ia taea ki te tohu i te rau pūhui tenei.

Tei runga i te āhua o te taha o te mau papaa parau e o e rima ngā momo rau:

• whai niho;
• crenate;
• serrate;
• kāniwha;
• matarua.

Ētahi momo o rau pūhui

Tei runga i te maha o te mau papaa parau, me ratou whakaritenga, nga momo e whai ake nei o te rau:

• palmate;
• matahuru;
• dvuperistye;
• tawheratoru;
• perstonadreznye.

I roto i te palmate rau pūhui i te mau api katoa mahuetanga haere te pūtoro i te kakau, rite ona koromatua ahua.

rau matahuru whai papa paraharaha, rau whakaritea taha te kakau. E wehea ratou ki e rua ngā momo: paripinnate me te mata raukura. I te tuatahi i reira ko te paraharaha apical, te tau ko te maha o rua. I roto i te rerekē-matahuru he reira pereti apical.

I roto i te mau api rau dvuperistyh e whakaritea i te petioles tuarua. Ko te hunga, i roto i te tahuri, e piri ki te matua.

Tawheratoru i toru matatahi.

Perstonadreznye rite rau feathery.

pūhui rau - ratou venation

He ona momo e toru:

• Whakarara. E whakanoho uaua i te whārangi turanga ki ona taha puta noa i te pereti.
• Arc. e kore e uaua haere pai, engari i roto i te puka o te pewa.
• Net. Kei te wehea te reira ki momo e toru: toropā, palmate me peristonervnoe. I whārangi venation toropā e toru uaua nui e whakawhānui i te ētahi atu. Palmate āhuatanga e neke atu i te toru uaua matua e kua wehea tata ki te turanga o te tātārau. A, no te he tetahi rua nui, e haere i te etahi rau peristonervnom.

Nuinga o ngā wā whārangi matatini he venation reticulate.

Whakaritenga o rau i runga i te kakau

Rua taea te whakarite rau ohie me te pūhui i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. E whā ngā momo o ngā wāhi:

• Whorled. Kua piri ana te rau i runga i toru o ratou ki te kakau kuiti - whorl. Ka taea e kia ratou ripeka, ia whanaunga ki te whorl mua koané 90 nekehanga. Plants ki te taua rau whakaritenga e elodea, te kanohi o te tikaokao.
• -Rīpene. He rau katoa i te teitei taua ka whakaritea i roto i te porohita. Ēnei turanga i agave, Chlorophytum.
• Raupapa (wā). Kua piri ana te rau, kotahi mo ia kōpuku. Ko te kupu, kei te tū ratou i Birch, pelargonium, aporo, whakatika.
• Ritenga. Ki tenei momo o te whakaritenga i ia kōpuku kei te i te pepa e rua. Kei te nuinga koané ia kōpuku whanaunga ki te kotahi mua i 90 nekehanga. Hoki, ka taea te whakarite i te rau e rua rarangi i roto i waho tītaka wae. Tauira o ngā tipu ki te taua rau whakaritenga e miniti, taiwhiwhi, lilac, kōtukutuku, mate-Ongaonga.

Ko te momo tuatahi e rua o te whakaritenga rau angamaheni mō te tipu ki te rau ohie. Ko taea te rua ngā momo whakamutunga tono ki rau pūhui.

tauira o ngā tipu

Na kia titiro a ki te momo ngā o rau pūhui, me tauira. emit ratou he nui rawaka. Plants ki rau matatini e taea kia o puka ora rerekē. i taea e te reira i rakau, me te rakau.

He tipu tino noa ki pūhui rau - pungarehu. Tenei rakau oriwa te utuafare, te piha haapiiraa o te bipartite, Tari o angiosperms. E ratou pūhui rau imparipinnate, he whitu ki te rima te mau papaa parau. Puka rohe - taputapu. Venation - mata. E whakamahia rau pungarehu i roto i te rongoa rite te diuretic.

He tauira a Tūrongo, o te ngahere ki te matatini kia huaina ai rau rōpere. Ēnei tipu i rau imparipinnate ki toru ki te whitu paraharaha i runga i horahorangia roa. momo venation - peristonervnoe. Ko te āhua o te mata pepa - crenate. E whakamahia rau rāhipere i roto i te iwi rongoā. Kei roto ratou matū e whai pānga anti-inflammatory.

Tētahi atu rakau ki pūhui rau - Rowan. Rau tona paripinnate. Tau o paraharaha - e pā ana ki tekau ma tahi. Venation - peristonervnoe.

Ko te tauira e whai ake nei - he clover. He he rau tawheratoru matatini. Venation mata clover. Ko te āhua o te mata pepa - matarua. I tua atu rau kua bobovnik hoki tawheratoru clover.

rau hoki pūhui he tipu rite Albitius. He dvuperistye rau.

Ko tētahi atu tauira o te tipu ki te rau matatini - hitimi. Tenei ngahere kua he venation reticulate. rohe Puka - katoa. Momo Rau - dvuperistye. mau api Tau - i kotahi tekau ma tahi nga wahi.

Ko tētahi atu tipu ki te pūhui rau - rōpere. Momo Rau - tawheratoru. Venation - mata. Kei te whakamahia hoki ēnei rau i roto i te rongoā tuku iho. Ko te tikanga, atherosclerosis me ētahi atu mate iaia.

mutunga

Ka rite ki te mutunga, tapaea tatou he tepu whakarāpopoto i te rau matatini.

Tenei te uiui tatou i te hanganga o te rau pūhui, ona momo, tauira o ngā tipu e riro ratou.